Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhod...Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.展开更多
Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public alike.There has also been an increased research focus within t...Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public alike.There has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut microbiota.However,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study challenges.The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active individuals.Methods:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active individuals.An intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were essential.Only peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date restrictions.Results were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and outcomes.Bias in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 tool.Results:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over design.Approximately half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain preparation.The probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 days.Fewer than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut microbiota.The sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated females.Low-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied widely.The risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some studies.Conclusion:There is a substantial body of research on the effects of prob iotic supplementation in healthy athletes and physically active individuals.Considerable heterogeneity in probiotic selection and dosage as well as outcome measures has made clinical and mechanistic interpretation challenging for both health care practitioners and researchers.Attention to issues of randomization of participants,treatments and interventions,selection of outcomes,demographics,and reporting of adverse events will facilitate more trustworthy interpretation of probiotic study results and inform evidence-based guidelines.展开更多
Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthritis...Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthritis in rats.However,results from randomized clinical trials on the effects of probi-otics have not been consistent.The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence for the effects of probiotic intervention in RA.We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of RA patients receiving stable treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs)that:①were combined with additional probiotic supplements or②were combined with either no additional supplements or only a placebo treatment.Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.3.Six randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis,with 249 participants in total.The results showed that the probiotic intervention treatment has not yet achieved significant improvement in the American College of Rheumatology 20%improvement criteria(ACR20)score and the disease activity score in 28 joints(DAS28).The laboratory index C-reactive protein(CRP)(mg.L-1)was significantly reduced in the intervention group.The expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and interleukine(IL)-ll]was also significantly reduced,while IL-10 expression increased in the probiotic intervention groups.This article is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of treating RA with probiotics.We found that probiotic supplementation may show a limited improvement in RA therapy in existing reports because of a lack of sufficiently high-quality work on the part of clinicians.More multi-centered,large-sample RCTs are needed in order to evaluate the benefits of probiotics in RA treatment.展开更多
Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is mar...Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately half of the population worldwide and causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Test-and-treat strategies have been recommended for the prevention of H...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately half of the population worldwide and causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Test-and-treat strategies have been recommended for the prevention of H.pylori-associated diseases.Advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have broadened our understanding of the complex gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota and its role in maintaining host homeostasis.Recently,an increasing number of studies have indicated that the colonization of H.pylori induces dramatic alterations in the gastric microbiota,with a predominance of H.pylori and a reduction in microbial diversity.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has also been observed after H.pylori infection,which may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer.However,there is concern regarding the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota during H.pylori eradication.In this review,we summarize the current literature concerning how H.pylori infection reshapes the GI microbiota and the underlying mechanisms,including changes in the gastric environment,immune responses,and persistent inflammation.Additionally,the impacts of H.pylori eradication on GI microbial homeostasis and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy are also discussed.The shifts in the GI microbiota and their crosstalk with H.pylori may provide potential targets for H.pylori-related gastric diseases and extragastric manifestations.展开更多
Background:Intestinal microbiotas are thought to be the most important source of maturational stimuli to the development of the immune system.However,few studies have focused on the development of T helper(Th)1 immune...Background:Intestinal microbiotas are thought to be the most important source of maturational stimuli to the development of the immune system.However,few studies have focused on the development of T helper(Th)1 immune response and antibody response to vaccinations in healthy infants,especially in a large cohort.Through this randomized,double-blind control trial,we investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536(BB536)supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition and the immune response in term infants.Methods:In total,300 healthy newborns were recruited,randomized and fed formula either supplemented with BB536 or with no supplementation.Stool samples were analyzed at months 2,4 and 11.The representative cytokine for Th1[interferon-γ(IFN-γ)]and Th2[interleukin-4(IL-4)]secretion cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunospot assay at 4 and 7 months of age.The antibody response to vaccines was measured at months 7 and 11.Results:A total of 264 infants completed the study.The amount of bifidobacteria and the bifidobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae ratio(B/E)were signifi cantly higher in the BB536 supplementation group at months 2 and 4.The number of IFN-γsecretion cells and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion cells were increased in the BB536 supplementation group at 7 months.Moreover,the higher value of B/E in the early stages seems to be related to the increased Th1 response.No difference was observed between groups in the antibody response after vaccination.Conclusions:BB536 has positive effects on establishing a healthy intestinal microbiota early in life,and it also plays an important role in improving the Th1 immune response.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596)Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z25C030002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(HZ202404)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.
文摘Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public alike.There has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut microbiota.However,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study challenges.The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active individuals.Methods:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active individuals.An intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were essential.Only peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date restrictions.Results were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and outcomes.Bias in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 tool.Results:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over design.Approximately half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain preparation.The probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 days.Fewer than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut microbiota.The sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated females.Low-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied widely.The risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some studies.Conclusion:There is a substantial body of research on the effects of prob iotic supplementation in healthy athletes and physically active individuals.Considerable heterogeneity in probiotic selection and dosage as well as outcome measures has made clinical and mechanistic interpretation challenging for both health care practitioners and researchers.Attention to issues of randomization of participants,treatments and interventions,selection of outcomes,demographics,and reporting of adverse events will facilitate more trustworthy interpretation of probiotic study results and inform evidence-based guidelines.
文摘Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthritis in rats.However,results from randomized clinical trials on the effects of probi-otics have not been consistent.The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence for the effects of probiotic intervention in RA.We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of RA patients receiving stable treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs)that:①were combined with additional probiotic supplements or②were combined with either no additional supplements or only a placebo treatment.Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.3.Six randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis,with 249 participants in total.The results showed that the probiotic intervention treatment has not yet achieved significant improvement in the American College of Rheumatology 20%improvement criteria(ACR20)score and the disease activity score in 28 joints(DAS28).The laboratory index C-reactive protein(CRP)(mg.L-1)was significantly reduced in the intervention group.The expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and interleukine(IL)-ll]was also significantly reduced,while IL-10 expression increased in the probiotic intervention groups.This article is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of treating RA with probiotics.We found that probiotic supplementation may show a limited improvement in RA therapy in existing reports because of a lack of sufficiently high-quality work on the part of clinicians.More multi-centered,large-sample RCTs are needed in order to evaluate the benefits of probiotics in RA treatment.
文摘Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.
基金funded by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260133).
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately half of the population worldwide and causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Test-and-treat strategies have been recommended for the prevention of H.pylori-associated diseases.Advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have broadened our understanding of the complex gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota and its role in maintaining host homeostasis.Recently,an increasing number of studies have indicated that the colonization of H.pylori induces dramatic alterations in the gastric microbiota,with a predominance of H.pylori and a reduction in microbial diversity.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has also been observed after H.pylori infection,which may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer.However,there is concern regarding the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota during H.pylori eradication.In this review,we summarize the current literature concerning how H.pylori infection reshapes the GI microbiota and the underlying mechanisms,including changes in the gastric environment,immune responses,and persistent inflammation.Additionally,the impacts of H.pylori eradication on GI microbial homeostasis and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy are also discussed.The shifts in the GI microbiota and their crosstalk with H.pylori may provide potential targets for H.pylori-related gastric diseases and extragastric manifestations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30771796).
文摘Background:Intestinal microbiotas are thought to be the most important source of maturational stimuli to the development of the immune system.However,few studies have focused on the development of T helper(Th)1 immune response and antibody response to vaccinations in healthy infants,especially in a large cohort.Through this randomized,double-blind control trial,we investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536(BB536)supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition and the immune response in term infants.Methods:In total,300 healthy newborns were recruited,randomized and fed formula either supplemented with BB536 or with no supplementation.Stool samples were analyzed at months 2,4 and 11.The representative cytokine for Th1[interferon-γ(IFN-γ)]and Th2[interleukin-4(IL-4)]secretion cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunospot assay at 4 and 7 months of age.The antibody response to vaccines was measured at months 7 and 11.Results:A total of 264 infants completed the study.The amount of bifidobacteria and the bifidobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae ratio(B/E)were signifi cantly higher in the BB536 supplementation group at months 2 and 4.The number of IFN-γsecretion cells and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion cells were increased in the BB536 supplementation group at 7 months.Moreover,the higher value of B/E in the early stages seems to be related to the increased Th1 response.No difference was observed between groups in the antibody response after vaccination.Conclusions:BB536 has positive effects on establishing a healthy intestinal microbiota early in life,and it also plays an important role in improving the Th1 immune response.
