Probes are the interface between microsystems and bio-cells.The ideal interface is one-to-one interface.Though various research groups have been able to establish some sort of interfaces after many years of research,t...Probes are the interface between microsystems and bio-cells.The ideal interface is one-to-one interface.Though various research groups have been able to establish some sort of interfaces after many years of research,they are very crude.Neurons are millions in numbers,whereas the prostheses successfully built so far have only a few hundred probes at best.Creating an ef- fective interface is still far away.Though we have micro-and nano-technologies,we couldn't build a prosthesis with an effective resolution.Main reasons behind it are the type of probe being used and the poor design of the probe.To address this problem,we developed a methodology to design a probe and an array of probes with better resolution and less resistive donut probe.This methodology helps us to design a probe optimizing all the parameters.We presented our methodology through a design that is capable of 70 μm penetration inside the tissue.The tissue heating by our designed probe is only 0.411 °C.We also characterized the donut probe,which could be used by any research group to design a donut probe of their specific need.展开更多
Revealing biodiversity in microbial communities is essential in metagenomics researches. With thousands of sequenced 16S rRNA gene available, and advancements in oligonucleotide microarray technology, the detection of...Revealing biodiversity in microbial communities is essential in metagenomics researches. With thousands of sequenced 16S rRNA gene available, and advancements in oligonucleotide microarray technology, the detection of microor-ganisms in microbial communities consisting of hundreds of species may be possible. Many of the existing strategies developed for oligonucleotide probe design are dependent on the result of global multiple sequences alignment, which is a time-consuming task. We present a novel program named OligoSampling that uses MCMC method to design group-specific oli-gonucleotide probes. The probes generated by OligoSampling are group specific with weak crosshybridization potentials. Furthermore a high coverage of target sequences can be obtained. Our method does not need to globally align target sequences. Locally aligning target sequences iteratively based on a Gibbs sampling strategy has the same effect as globally aligning sequences in the process of seeking group-specific probes. OligoSampling provides more flexibility and speed than other software programs based on global multiple sequences alignment.展开更多
Bubble plumes are important during the process of air-sea exchange,and optical-fiber phase detection is a suitable way to observe bubble plumes entrained by breaking waves.This paper designs a new optical-fiber probe(...Bubble plumes are important during the process of air-sea exchange,and optical-fiber phase detection is a suitable way to observe bubble plumes entrained by breaking waves.This paper designs a new optical-fiber probe(OFP)made of sapphire to overcome the limitations of existing materials(e.g.,high brittleness,poor corrosion resistance,and narrow bandwidth)and thereby enhance the detection performance of the OFP by improving its structure.Based on total internal reflection and light refraction,a simulation model of the probe is established in the Zemax optical design software to optimize the probe tip and matching mode of the two probe tips.The results show that the optimum OFP tip is a conical sapphire one with a cone angle of 35°.Tests are then conducted on a bespoke OFP sensor,the results of which are consistent with those predicted theoretically.The simulation results lay the foundation for the integrated design of OFP sensors and the optimization of their internal optics.The findings could also be applied to OFPs with multiple tips.展开更多
Landing gear is one of the important components of Chang'E-3 Probe.The device was used to absorb the impact energy of Chang'E-3 Probe during the landing process.After landing on the moon,it can support the lan...Landing gear is one of the important components of Chang'E-3 Probe.The device was used to absorb the impact energy of Chang'E-3 Probe during the landing process.After landing on the moon,it can support the lander steadily for a long time.In order to assure the reliability of the landing gear and deal with the extremely severe landing conditions,many reliability measures were adopted in the design procedure,such as selection of cushion materials,optimization of mechanism configuration,design of deployment mode,allocation of buffer force and control of its variation.The successful landing on the moon of Chang'E-3 Probe has completely verified the high reliability of the landing gear.展开更多
In semiconductor manufacturing process, probe station that is testing equipment is important. Inspection step is for detecting defects on semiconductor before the packaging. Probe card is a part of probe station and c...In semiconductor manufacturing process, probe station that is testing equipment is important. Inspection step is for detecting defects on semiconductor before the packaging. Probe card is a part of probe station and contains probe tip that contacts to semiconductor. Through probe tip, it can inspect defects of semiconductor. In this paper, optimization method is used with response surface analysis to design MEMS type probe tip. And fabricating probe tip uses maskless lithography, electro-plating and lapping process.展开更多
During the last few years, the preparation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of carbon dioxide has attracted considerable attention since carbon dioxide plays extremely important roles in widespread fields...During the last few years, the preparation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of carbon dioxide has attracted considerable attention since carbon dioxide plays extremely important roles in widespread fields including chemical, environmental, clinical analysis, and agri-food industry. This review focuses on the recent advances in the design principles, recognition mechanisms, and preparation of small-molecule fluorescent probes for the selective detection and monitoring of CO;. Moreover, their properties and functions will be discussed detailedly as well.展开更多
Background:The Early Detection Research Network (EDRN), NCI funded and investigator driven, has the mission to evaluate biomarkers for their clinical utilities in cancer risk prediction, diagnosis, early detection,
Organic phosphate biomolecules(OPBs) are indispensable components of eukaryotes and prokaryotes,such as acting as the fundamental components of cell membranes and important substrates for nucleic acids. They play pivo...Organic phosphate biomolecules(OPBs) are indispensable components of eukaryotes and prokaryotes,such as acting as the fundamental components of cell membranes and important substrates for nucleic acids. They play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as energy conservation, metabolism,and signal modulation. Due to the difficulty of detection caused by variety OPBs, investigation of their respective physiological effects in organisms has been restrained by the lack of efficient tools. Many small fluorescent probes have been employed for selective detection and monitoring of OPBs in vitro or in vivo due to the advantages of tailored properties, biodegradability and in situ high temporal and spatial resolution imaging. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in fluorescent probes for OPBs,such as nucleotides, NAD(P)H, FAD/FMN and PS. Importantly, we describe their identification mechanisms in detail and discuss the general strategies for these OPBs probe designs, which provide new insights and ideas for the future probe designs.展开更多
The concept of′Probe detector′is introduced in this paper with its application in geometricmodeling and graphics.In terms of the concept,the authors derive edge data from the CSG datarepresentation and establish a w...The concept of′Probe detector′is introduced in this paper with its application in geometricmodeling and graphics.In terms of the concept,the authors derive edge data from the CSG datarepresentation and establish a wireframe model.展开更多
基金supported by the Royal National Institute for Deaf people (RNID)
文摘Probes are the interface between microsystems and bio-cells.The ideal interface is one-to-one interface.Though various research groups have been able to establish some sort of interfaces after many years of research,they are very crude.Neurons are millions in numbers,whereas the prostheses successfully built so far have only a few hundred probes at best.Creating an ef- fective interface is still far away.Though we have micro-and nano-technologies,we couldn't build a prosthesis with an effective resolution.Main reasons behind it are the type of probe being used and the poor design of the probe.To address this problem,we developed a methodology to design a probe and an array of probes with better resolution and less resistive donut probe.This methodology helps us to design a probe optimizing all the parameters.We presented our methodology through a design that is capable of 70 μm penetration inside the tissue.The tissue heating by our designed probe is only 0.411 °C.We also characterized the donut probe,which could be used by any research group to design a donut probe of their specific need.
文摘Revealing biodiversity in microbial communities is essential in metagenomics researches. With thousands of sequenced 16S rRNA gene available, and advancements in oligonucleotide microarray technology, the detection of microor-ganisms in microbial communities consisting of hundreds of species may be possible. Many of the existing strategies developed for oligonucleotide probe design are dependent on the result of global multiple sequences alignment, which is a time-consuming task. We present a novel program named OligoSampling that uses MCMC method to design group-specific oli-gonucleotide probes. The probes generated by OligoSampling are group specific with weak crosshybridization potentials. Furthermore a high coverage of target sequences can be obtained. Our method does not need to globally align target sequences. Locally aligning target sequences iteratively based on a Gibbs sampling strategy has the same effect as globally aligning sequences in the process of seeking group-specific probes. OligoSampling provides more flexibility and speed than other software programs based on global multiple sequences alignment.
文摘Bubble plumes are important during the process of air-sea exchange,and optical-fiber phase detection is a suitable way to observe bubble plumes entrained by breaking waves.This paper designs a new optical-fiber probe(OFP)made of sapphire to overcome the limitations of existing materials(e.g.,high brittleness,poor corrosion resistance,and narrow bandwidth)and thereby enhance the detection performance of the OFP by improving its structure.Based on total internal reflection and light refraction,a simulation model of the probe is established in the Zemax optical design software to optimize the probe tip and matching mode of the two probe tips.The results show that the optimum OFP tip is a conical sapphire one with a cone angle of 35°.Tests are then conducted on a bespoke OFP sensor,the results of which are consistent with those predicted theoretically.The simulation results lay the foundation for the integrated design of OFP sensors and the optimization of their internal optics.The findings could also be applied to OFPs with multiple tips.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project,China
文摘Landing gear is one of the important components of Chang'E-3 Probe.The device was used to absorb the impact energy of Chang'E-3 Probe during the landing process.After landing on the moon,it can support the lander steadily for a long time.In order to assure the reliability of the landing gear and deal with the extremely severe landing conditions,many reliability measures were adopted in the design procedure,such as selection of cushion materials,optimization of mechanism configuration,design of deployment mode,allocation of buffer force and control of its variation.The successful landing on the moon of Chang'E-3 Probe has completely verified the high reliability of the landing gear.
文摘In semiconductor manufacturing process, probe station that is testing equipment is important. Inspection step is for detecting defects on semiconductor before the packaging. Probe card is a part of probe station and contains probe tip that contacts to semiconductor. Through probe tip, it can inspect defects of semiconductor. In this paper, optimization method is used with response surface analysis to design MEMS type probe tip. And fabricating probe tip uses maskless lithography, electro-plating and lapping process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21871092, 21672070, 31570360)Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 18PJD015)+1 种基金STCSM (Nos. 16XD1401000, 17XD14230000)Shanghai Rising-Star Program (No. 16QB1403800) for the financial support
文摘During the last few years, the preparation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of carbon dioxide has attracted considerable attention since carbon dioxide plays extremely important roles in widespread fields including chemical, environmental, clinical analysis, and agri-food industry. This review focuses on the recent advances in the design principles, recognition mechanisms, and preparation of small-molecule fluorescent probes for the selective detection and monitoring of CO;. Moreover, their properties and functions will be discussed detailedly as well.
文摘Background:The Early Detection Research Network (EDRN), NCI funded and investigator driven, has the mission to evaluate biomarkers for their clinical utilities in cancer risk prediction, diagnosis, early detection,
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 21622504, 21735001, and 21877029)the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province (No. 2017RS3019)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
文摘Organic phosphate biomolecules(OPBs) are indispensable components of eukaryotes and prokaryotes,such as acting as the fundamental components of cell membranes and important substrates for nucleic acids. They play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as energy conservation, metabolism,and signal modulation. Due to the difficulty of detection caused by variety OPBs, investigation of their respective physiological effects in organisms has been restrained by the lack of efficient tools. Many small fluorescent probes have been employed for selective detection and monitoring of OPBs in vitro or in vivo due to the advantages of tailored properties, biodegradability and in situ high temporal and spatial resolution imaging. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in fluorescent probes for OPBs,such as nucleotides, NAD(P)H, FAD/FMN and PS. Importantly, we describe their identification mechanisms in detail and discuss the general strategies for these OPBs probe designs, which provide new insights and ideas for the future probe designs.
文摘The concept of′Probe detector′is introduced in this paper with its application in geometricmodeling and graphics.In terms of the concept,the authors derive edge data from the CSG datarepresentation and establish a wireframe model.
