For the moment, the representative and hot research is decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS) which provides a new viewpoint to deal with decision-making problems under risk and uncertainty, and has been applied in many ...For the moment, the representative and hot research is decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS) which provides a new viewpoint to deal with decision-making problems under risk and uncertainty, and has been applied in many fields. Based on rough set theory, Yao proposed the three-way decision theory which is a prolongation of the classical two-way decision approach. This paper investigates the probabilistic DTRS in the framework of intuitionistic fuzzy information system (IFIS). Firstly, based on IFIS, this paper constructs fuzzy approximate spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) approximate spaces by defining fuzzy equivalence relation and IF equivalence relation, respectively. And the fuzzy probabilistic spaces and IF probabilistic spaces are based on fuzzy approximate spaces and IF approximate spaces, respectively. Thus, the fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and the IF probabilistic approximate spaces are constructed, respectively. Then, based on the three-way decision theory, this paper structures DTRS approach model on fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and IF probabilistic approximate spaces, respectively. So, the fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set (FDTRS) model and the intuitionistic fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set (IFDTRS) model are constructed on fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and IF probabilistic approximate spaces, respectively. Finally, based on the above DTRS model, some illustrative examples about the risk investment of projects are introduced to make decision analysis. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this method is verified.展开更多
Bayesian network (BN) is a well-accepted framework for representing and inferring uncertain knowledge. As the qualitative abstraction of BN, qualitative probabilistic network (QPN) is introduced for probabilistic infe...Bayesian network (BN) is a well-accepted framework for representing and inferring uncertain knowledge. As the qualitative abstraction of BN, qualitative probabilistic network (QPN) is introduced for probabilistic inferences in a qualitative way. With much higher efficiency of inferences, QPNs are more suitable for real-time applications than BNs. However, the high abstraction level brings some inference conflicts and tends to pose a major obstacle to their applications. In order to eliminate the inference conflicts of QPN, in this paper, we begin by extending the QPN by adding a mutual-information-based weight (MI weight) to each qualitative influence in the QPN. The extended QPN is called MI-QPN. After obtaining the MI weights from the corresponding BN, we discuss the symmetry, transitivity and composition properties of the qualitative influences. Then we extend the general inference algorithm to implement the conflict-free inferences of MI-QPN. The feasibility of our method is verified by the results of the experiment.展开更多
With the emergence of classical communication security problems,quantum communication has been studied more extensively.In this paper,a novel probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting protocol is design...With the emergence of classical communication security problems,quantum communication has been studied more extensively.In this paper,a novel probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting protocol is designed by using a non-maximally entangled four-qubit cluster state.Firstly,the sender Alice splits and teleports an arbitrary one-qubit secret state invisibly to three remote agents Bob,Charlie,and David.One agent David is in high grade,the other two agents Bob and Charlie are in low grade.Secondly,the receiver in high grade needs the assistance of one agent in low grade,while the receiver in low grade needs the aid of all agents.While introducing an ancillary qubit,the receiver’s state can be inferred from the POVM measurement result of the ancillary qubit.Finally,with the help of other agents,the receiver can recover the secret state probabilistically by performing certain unitary operation on his own qubit.In addition,the security of the protocol under eavesdropping attacks is analyzed.In this proposed protocol,the agents need only single-qubit measurements to achieve probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting,which has appealing advantages in actual experiments.Such a probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting protocol hierarchical is expected to be more practical in multipartite quantum cryptography.展开更多
Industrial control systems(ICSs)are widely used in various fields,and the information security problems of ICSs are increasingly serious.The existing evaluation methods fail to describe the uncertain evaluation inform...Industrial control systems(ICSs)are widely used in various fields,and the information security problems of ICSs are increasingly serious.The existing evaluation methods fail to describe the uncertain evaluation information and group evaluation information of experts.Thus,this paper introduces the probabilistic linguistic term sets(PLTSs)to model the evaluation information of experts.Meanwhile,we propose a probabilistic linguistic multi-criteria decision-making(PL-MCDM)method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.Firstly,we propose a novel subscript equivalence distance measure of PLTSs to improve the existing methods.Secondly,we use the Best Worst Method(BWM)method and Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation(CRITIC)method to obtain the subjective weights and objective weights,which are used to derive the combined weights.Thirdly,we use the subscript equivalence distance measure method and the combined weight method to improve the probabilistic linguistic Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(PL-VIKOR)method.Finally,we apply the proposed method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.When comparing with the existing methods such as the probabilistic linguistic Tomada deDecisão Iterativa Multicritério(PL-TODIM)method and probabilistic linguistic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(PL-TOPSIS)method,the case example shows that the proposed method can provide more reasonable ranking results.By evaluating and ranking the information security level of different ICSs,managers can identify problems in time and guide their work better.展开更多
It has been 50 years since Hawking described the black hole (BH) information paradox. The combination of BH radiation and subsequent BH evaporation was found to take trapped information into oblivion contrary to the l...It has been 50 years since Hawking described the black hole (BH) information paradox. The combination of BH radiation and subsequent BH evaporation was found to take trapped information into oblivion contrary to the law of conservation of quantum information. Numerous attempts have been made since to resolve this paradox. A brief review herein documents how all these attempts have significant shortcomings, meaning the paradox is still unresolved. A relatively new cosmological theory offers a resolution despite not being developed for that purpose. The theory, entitled the probabilistic spacetime theory (PST), starts with an alteration in one basic assumption compared to all current cosmological theories. Spacetime, instead of being seen as a void or container of other entities, is viewed as the most fundamental entity in the universe, composed of energy fragments, and (in keeping with the conservation principle) impermeable to destruction. The potential contribution of the PST in resolving the information paradox is delineated, with the finding that the single change in the conceptualization of spacetime results in the disappearance of the paradox and not information.展开更多
Joint probabilistic data association is an effective method for tracking multiple targets in clutter, but only the target kinematic information is used in measure-to-track association. If the kinematic likelihoods are...Joint probabilistic data association is an effective method for tracking multiple targets in clutter, but only the target kinematic information is used in measure-to-track association. If the kinematic likelihoods are similar for different closely spaced targets, there is ambiguity in using the kinematic information alone; the correct association probability will decrease in conventional joint probabilistic data association algorithm and track coalescence will occur easily. A modified algorithm of joint probabilistic data association with classification-aided is presented, which avoids track coalescence when tracking multiple neighboring targets. Firstly, an identification matrix is defined, which is used to simplify validation matrix to decrease computational complexity. Then, target class information is integrated into the data association process. Performance comparisons with and without the use of class information in JPDA are presented on multiple closely spaced maneuvering targets tracking problem. Simulation results quantify the benefits of classification-aided JPDA for improved multiple targets tracking, especially in the presence of association uncertainty in the kinematic measurement and target maneuvering. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm is valid.展开更多
In most of the passive tracking systems, only the target kinematical information is used in the measurement-to-track association, which results in error tracking in a multitarget environment, where the targets are too...In most of the passive tracking systems, only the target kinematical information is used in the measurement-to-track association, which results in error tracking in a multitarget environment, where the targets are too close to each other. To enhance the tracking accuracy, the target signal classification information （TSCI） should be used to improve the data association. The TSCI is integrated in the data association process using the JPDA （joint probabilistic data association）. The use of the TSCI in the data association can improve discrimination by yielding a purer track and preserving continuity. To verify the validity of the application of TSCI, two simulation experiments are done on an air target-tracing problem, that is, one using the TSCI and the other not using the TSCI. The final comparison shows that the use of the TSCI can effectively improve tracking accuracy.展开更多
A hybrid model that is based on the Combination of keywords and concept was put forward. The hybrid model is built on vector space model and probabilistic reasoning network. It not only can exert the advantages of key...A hybrid model that is based on the Combination of keywords and concept was put forward. The hybrid model is built on vector space model and probabilistic reasoning network. It not only can exert the advantages of keywords retrieval and concept retrieval but also can compensate for their shortcomings. Their parameters can be adjusted according to different usage in order to accept the best information retrieval result, and it has been proved by our experiments.展开更多
Two schemes for teleporting an unknown one-particle state are proposed when a general W state is utilized as quantum channel. In the first scheme, after the sender （Alice） makes a Bell-state measurement on her parti...Two schemes for teleporting an unknown one-particle state are proposed when a general W state is utilized as quantum channel. In the first scheme, after the sender （Alice） makes a Bell-state measurement on her particles, the recipient （Bob） performs a Von Neumann measurement and introduces an auxiliary particle, and carries out a unitary transformation on his particle and the auxiliary particle, and performs a Von Neumann measurement on the auxiliary particle to confirm whether the teleportation succeeds or not. In the second scheme, the recipient （Bob） does not need to perform the first Von Neumann measurement or introduce the auxiliary particle, which is necessary in the first scheme. It is shown that the maxima/probabilities of successful teleportation of the two schemes are identical if the recipient （Bob） performs an appropriate unitary transformation and adopts a proper particle on which he recovers the quantum information of state to be teleported.展开更多
This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-...This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is proposed.The first scheme can be used to obtain a shaping gain,whereas the second can also realize a coding gain.The theoretical average mutual information of the optimized rotated quadrature amplitude modulation constellations is analyzed and the simulated error per-formance with 22 and 44 MIMO schemes is investigated.The theoretical average mutual information analysis and simulation results show that the proposed NB LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is reliable and robust,and is therefore suitable for future wireless communication systems.展开更多
Probabilistic method requires a lot of sample information to describe the probability distributions of uncertain variables and has difficulty in dealing with the optimization problem with uncertain parameters which co...Probabilistic method requires a lot of sample information to describe the probability distributions of uncertain variables and has difficulty in dealing with the optimization problem with uncertain parameters which contains unsufficient information.To solve this problem,a robust optimization operation method based on information gap decision theory(IGDT) is presented considering the non-probabilistic uncertainties of parameters.By the proposed method the maximum resistance to the disturbance of uncertain parameters is achieved and the optimization strategies with uncertain parameters are presented.Finally,numerical simulation is performed on the modified IEEE-14 bus system.Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
The use of agent technology in a dynamic environment is rapidly growing as one of the powerful technologies and the need to provide the benefits of the Intelligent Information Agent technique to massive open online co...The use of agent technology in a dynamic environment is rapidly growing as one of the powerful technologies and the need to provide the benefits of the Intelligent Information Agent technique to massive open online courses, is very important from various aspects including the rapid growing of MOOCs environments, and the focusing more on static information than on updated information. One of the main problems in such environment is updating the information to the needs of the student who interacts at each moment. Using such technology can ensure more flexible information, lower waste time and hence higher earnings in learning. This paper presents Intelligent Topic-Based Information Agent to offer an updated knowledge including various types of resource for students. Using dominant meaning method, the agent searches the Internet, controls the metadata coming from the Internet, filters and shows them into a categorized content lists. There are two experiments conducted on the Intelligent Topic-Based Information Agent: one measures the improvement in the retrieval effectiveness and the other measures the impact of the agent on the learning. The experiment results indicate that our methodology to expand the query yields a considerable improvement in the retrieval effectiveness in all categories of Google Web Search API. On the other hand, there is a positive impact on the performance of learning session.展开更多
文摘For the moment, the representative and hot research is decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS) which provides a new viewpoint to deal with decision-making problems under risk and uncertainty, and has been applied in many fields. Based on rough set theory, Yao proposed the three-way decision theory which is a prolongation of the classical two-way decision approach. This paper investigates the probabilistic DTRS in the framework of intuitionistic fuzzy information system (IFIS). Firstly, based on IFIS, this paper constructs fuzzy approximate spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) approximate spaces by defining fuzzy equivalence relation and IF equivalence relation, respectively. And the fuzzy probabilistic spaces and IF probabilistic spaces are based on fuzzy approximate spaces and IF approximate spaces, respectively. Thus, the fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and the IF probabilistic approximate spaces are constructed, respectively. Then, based on the three-way decision theory, this paper structures DTRS approach model on fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and IF probabilistic approximate spaces, respectively. So, the fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set (FDTRS) model and the intuitionistic fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set (IFDTRS) model are constructed on fuzzy probabilistic approximate spaces and IF probabilistic approximate spaces, respectively. Finally, based on the above DTRS model, some illustrative examples about the risk investment of projects are introduced to make decision analysis. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this method is verified.
文摘Bayesian network (BN) is a well-accepted framework for representing and inferring uncertain knowledge. As the qualitative abstraction of BN, qualitative probabilistic network (QPN) is introduced for probabilistic inferences in a qualitative way. With much higher efficiency of inferences, QPNs are more suitable for real-time applications than BNs. However, the high abstraction level brings some inference conflicts and tends to pose a major obstacle to their applications. In order to eliminate the inference conflicts of QPN, in this paper, we begin by extending the QPN by adding a mutual-information-based weight (MI weight) to each qualitative influence in the QPN. The extended QPN is called MI-QPN. After obtaining the MI weights from the corresponding BN, we discuss the symmetry, transitivity and composition properties of the qualitative influences. Then we extend the general inference algorithm to implement the conflict-free inferences of MI-QPN. The feasibility of our method is verified by the results of the experiment.
基金This work is supported by the NSFC(Grant Nos.92046001,61571024,61671087,61962009,61971021)the Open Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Grant Nos.2018BDKFJJ018,2019BDKFJJ010,2019BDKFJJ014)+5 种基金the Open Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication,Communication University of China,China(Grant No.SKLMCC2020KF006)the High-quality and Cutting-edge Disciplines Construction Project for Universities in Beijing(Internet Information,Communication University of China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2019XD-A02)the Scientific Research Foundation of North China University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Beijing Municipal Education CommissionJSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20F20080.
文摘With the emergence of classical communication security problems,quantum communication has been studied more extensively.In this paper,a novel probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting protocol is designed by using a non-maximally entangled four-qubit cluster state.Firstly,the sender Alice splits and teleports an arbitrary one-qubit secret state invisibly to three remote agents Bob,Charlie,and David.One agent David is in high grade,the other two agents Bob and Charlie are in low grade.Secondly,the receiver in high grade needs the assistance of one agent in low grade,while the receiver in low grade needs the aid of all agents.While introducing an ancillary qubit,the receiver’s state can be inferred from the POVM measurement result of the ancillary qubit.Finally,with the help of other agents,the receiver can recover the secret state probabilistically by performing certain unitary operation on his own qubit.In addition,the security of the protocol under eavesdropping attacks is analyzed.In this proposed protocol,the agents need only single-qubit measurements to achieve probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting,which has appealing advantages in actual experiments.Such a probabilistic hierarchical quantum information splitting protocol hierarchical is expected to be more practical in multipartite quantum cryptography.
文摘Industrial control systems(ICSs)are widely used in various fields,and the information security problems of ICSs are increasingly serious.The existing evaluation methods fail to describe the uncertain evaluation information and group evaluation information of experts.Thus,this paper introduces the probabilistic linguistic term sets(PLTSs)to model the evaluation information of experts.Meanwhile,we propose a probabilistic linguistic multi-criteria decision-making(PL-MCDM)method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.Firstly,we propose a novel subscript equivalence distance measure of PLTSs to improve the existing methods.Secondly,we use the Best Worst Method(BWM)method and Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation(CRITIC)method to obtain the subjective weights and objective weights,which are used to derive the combined weights.Thirdly,we use the subscript equivalence distance measure method and the combined weight method to improve the probabilistic linguistic Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(PL-VIKOR)method.Finally,we apply the proposed method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.When comparing with the existing methods such as the probabilistic linguistic Tomada deDecisão Iterativa Multicritério(PL-TODIM)method and probabilistic linguistic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(PL-TOPSIS)method,the case example shows that the proposed method can provide more reasonable ranking results.By evaluating and ranking the information security level of different ICSs,managers can identify problems in time and guide their work better.
文摘It has been 50 years since Hawking described the black hole (BH) information paradox. The combination of BH radiation and subsequent BH evaporation was found to take trapped information into oblivion contrary to the law of conservation of quantum information. Numerous attempts have been made since to resolve this paradox. A brief review herein documents how all these attempts have significant shortcomings, meaning the paradox is still unresolved. A relatively new cosmological theory offers a resolution despite not being developed for that purpose. The theory, entitled the probabilistic spacetime theory (PST), starts with an alteration in one basic assumption compared to all current cosmological theories. Spacetime, instead of being seen as a void or container of other entities, is viewed as the most fundamental entity in the universe, composed of energy fragments, and (in keeping with the conservation principle) impermeable to destruction. The potential contribution of the PST in resolving the information paradox is delineated, with the finding that the single change in the conceptualization of spacetime results in the disappearance of the paradox and not information.
基金Defense Advanced Research Project "the Techniques of Information Integrated Processing and Fusion" in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (513060302).
文摘Joint probabilistic data association is an effective method for tracking multiple targets in clutter, but only the target kinematic information is used in measure-to-track association. If the kinematic likelihoods are similar for different closely spaced targets, there is ambiguity in using the kinematic information alone; the correct association probability will decrease in conventional joint probabilistic data association algorithm and track coalescence will occur easily. A modified algorithm of joint probabilistic data association with classification-aided is presented, which avoids track coalescence when tracking multiple neighboring targets. Firstly, an identification matrix is defined, which is used to simplify validation matrix to decrease computational complexity. Then, target class information is integrated into the data association process. Performance comparisons with and without the use of class information in JPDA are presented on multiple closely spaced maneuvering targets tracking problem. Simulation results quantify the benefits of classification-aided JPDA for improved multiple targets tracking, especially in the presence of association uncertainty in the kinematic measurement and target maneuvering. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm is valid.
基金the Youth Science and Technology Foundection of University of Electronic Science andTechnology of China (JX0622).
文摘In most of the passive tracking systems, only the target kinematical information is used in the measurement-to-track association, which results in error tracking in a multitarget environment, where the targets are too close to each other. To enhance the tracking accuracy, the target signal classification information （TSCI） should be used to improve the data association. The TSCI is integrated in the data association process using the JPDA （joint probabilistic data association）. The use of the TSCI in the data association can improve discrimination by yielding a purer track and preserving continuity. To verify the validity of the application of TSCI, two simulation experiments are done on an air target-tracing problem, that is, one using the TSCI and the other not using the TSCI. The final comparison shows that the use of the TSCI can effectively improve tracking accuracy.
文摘A hybrid model that is based on the Combination of keywords and concept was put forward. The hybrid model is built on vector space model and probabilistic reasoning network. It not only can exert the advantages of keywords retrieval and concept retrieval but also can compensate for their shortcomings. Their parameters can be adjusted according to different usage in order to accept the best information retrieval result, and it has been proved by our experiments.
文摘Two schemes for teleporting an unknown one-particle state are proposed when a general W state is utilized as quantum channel. In the first scheme, after the sender （Alice） makes a Bell-state measurement on her particles, the recipient （Bob） performs a Von Neumann measurement and introduces an auxiliary particle, and carries out a unitary transformation on his particle and the auxiliary particle, and performs a Von Neumann measurement on the auxiliary particle to confirm whether the teleportation succeeds or not. In the second scheme, the recipient （Bob） does not need to perform the first Von Neumann measurement or introduce the auxiliary particle, which is necessary in the first scheme. It is shown that the maxima/probabilities of successful teleportation of the two schemes are identical if the recipient （Bob） performs an appropriate unitary transformation and adopts a proper particle on which he recovers the quantum information of state to be teleported.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021212159).
文摘This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is proposed.The first scheme can be used to obtain a shaping gain,whereas the second can also realize a coding gain.The theoretical average mutual information of the optimized rotated quadrature amplitude modulation constellations is analyzed and the simulated error per-formance with 22 and 44 MIMO schemes is investigated.The theoretical average mutual information analysis and simulation results show that the proposed NB LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is reliable and robust,and is therefore suitable for future wireless communication systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61533010)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(No.14ZR1415300)
文摘Probabilistic method requires a lot of sample information to describe the probability distributions of uncertain variables and has difficulty in dealing with the optimization problem with uncertain parameters which contains unsufficient information.To solve this problem,a robust optimization operation method based on information gap decision theory(IGDT) is presented considering the non-probabilistic uncertainties of parameters.By the proposed method the maximum resistance to the disturbance of uncertain parameters is achieved and the optimization strategies with uncertain parameters are presented.Finally,numerical simulation is performed on the modified IEEE-14 bus system.Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
文摘The use of agent technology in a dynamic environment is rapidly growing as one of the powerful technologies and the need to provide the benefits of the Intelligent Information Agent technique to massive open online courses, is very important from various aspects including the rapid growing of MOOCs environments, and the focusing more on static information than on updated information. One of the main problems in such environment is updating the information to the needs of the student who interacts at each moment. Using such technology can ensure more flexible information, lower waste time and hence higher earnings in learning. This paper presents Intelligent Topic-Based Information Agent to offer an updated knowledge including various types of resource for students. Using dominant meaning method, the agent searches the Internet, controls the metadata coming from the Internet, filters and shows them into a categorized content lists. There are two experiments conducted on the Intelligent Topic-Based Information Agent: one measures the improvement in the retrieval effectiveness and the other measures the impact of the agent on the learning. The experiment results indicate that our methodology to expand the query yields a considerable improvement in the retrieval effectiveness in all categories of Google Web Search API. On the other hand, there is a positive impact on the performance of learning session.
