In this paper,we propose an iterative algorithm to find the optimal incentive mechanism for the principal-agent problem under moral hazard where the number of agent action profiles is infinite,and where there are an i...In this paper,we propose an iterative algorithm to find the optimal incentive mechanism for the principal-agent problem under moral hazard where the number of agent action profiles is infinite,and where there are an infinite number of results that can be observed by the principal.This principal-agent problem has an infinite number of incentive-compatibility constraints,and we transform it into an optimization problem with an infinite number of constraints called a semi-infinite programming problem.We then propose an exterior penalty function method to find the optimal solution to this semi-infinite programming and illustrate the convergence of this algorithm.By analyzing the optimal solution obtained by the proposed penalty function method,we can obtain the optimal incentive mechanism for the principal-agent problem with an infinite number of incentive-compatibility constraints under moral hazard.展开更多
During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive...During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive distance)to a moving target as quickly as possible,resulting in the extended minimum-time intercept problem(EMTIP).Existing research has primarily focused on the zero-distance intercept problem,MTIP,establishing the necessary or sufficient conditions for MTIP optimality,and utilizing analytic algorithms,such as root-finding algorithms,to calculate the optimal solutions.However,these approaches depend heavily on the properties of the analytic algorithm,making them inapplicable when problem settings change,such as in the case of a positive effective range or complicated target motions outside uniform rectilinear motion.In this study,an approach employing a high-accuracy and quality-guaranteed mixed-integer piecewise-linear program(QG-PWL)is proposed for the EMTIP.This program can accommodate different effective interception ranges and complicated target motions(variable velocity or complicated trajectories).The high accuracy and quality guarantees of QG-PWL originate from elegant strategies such as piecewise linearization and other developed operation strategies.The approximate error in the intercept path length is proved to be bounded to h^(2)/(4√2),where h is the piecewise length.展开更多
Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper analyzes the current situation and the developing trends of Chinese private enterprises. It points out the obstacles confronted by Chinese private enterprise in setting ...Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper analyzes the current situation and the developing trends of Chinese private enterprises. It points out the obstacles confronted by Chinese private enterprise in setting up the principal-agent mechanism and proposes the corresponding solutions to these problems.展开更多
The optimization investment policy decision of SCM-Supply Chain Management-implementation has been analysed under symmetric and asymmetric information conditions. For both conditions, SCM implementation options’ deci...The optimization investment policy decision of SCM-Supply Chain Management-implementation has been analysed under symmetric and asymmetric information conditions. For both conditions, SCM implementation options’ decision optimizing models have been developed. In these models, both clients and vendors try to pursue their own benefits. Based upon the principal-agent theory, the models show to what extent a principal (a client) needs to pay more to an agent (a vendor) in a context of asymmetric information. For the client, it is important to understand the extra costs to be able to adopt effective strategies to stimulate a vendor to perform an optimal implementation of a SCM system. The results of a simulation experiment regarding SCM implementation options illustrate and verify the theoretical findings and confirm the general notion that the less informed party is obliged to pay information rent to the better-informed party.展开更多
The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit a...The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.展开更多
Based on principal-agent theory,this paper establishes an incentive contract mechanism between government and NPO under asymmetric information,and analyzes the impact of absolute risk aversion and output level on the ...Based on principal-agent theory,this paper establishes an incentive contract mechanism between government and NPO under asymmetric information,and analyzes the impact of absolute risk aversion and output level on the expected utility of government,NPO and society.Research shows that risk aversion is negatively correlated with the expected utility of government,NPO and society.The output coefficient is positively correlated with the expected utility of government,NPO and society.Reducing absolute risk aversion,increasing output coefficient and increasing government incentives can effectively motivate NPO to actively participate in social rescue activities.展开更多
Public authorities frequently mandate public or private agencies to manage their renewable natural resources.Contrary to the agency,which is an expert in renewable natural resource management,public authorities usuall...Public authorities frequently mandate public or private agencies to manage their renewable natural resources.Contrary to the agency,which is an expert in renewable natural resource management,public authorities usually ignore the sustainable level of harvest.In this note,we first model the contractual relationship between a principal,who owns the renewable natural resource,and an agent,who holds private information on its sustainable level of harvest.We then look for the Pareto-optimal allocations.In the situation of an imperfect information setting,we find that the Pareto-optimal contracting depends on the probability that the harvesting level stands outside the sustainability interval.The information rent held by the agent turns out to be unavoidable,such that stepping outside the sustainability interval implies the possibility of depletion of the renewable natural resource.This,in turn,compromises the maintenance of the ecological balance in natural ecosystems.展开更多
Let Pr denote an almost-prime with at most r prime factors,counted according to multiplicity.In this paper,it is proved that,for every sufficiently large even integer N,the equation N=x^(2)+p_(2)^(2)+p_(3)^(3)+p_(4)^(...Let Pr denote an almost-prime with at most r prime factors,counted according to multiplicity.In this paper,it is proved that,for every sufficiently large even integer N,the equation N=x^(2)+p_(2)^(2)+p_(3)^(3)+p_(4)^(3)+p_(5)^(5)+_6^(5)is solvable with being an almost-prime P_(6) and the other variables primes.This result constitutes an enhancement upon the previous result of Hooley[Recent Progress in Analytic Number Theory,Vol.1(Durham,1979),London:Academic Press,1981,127-191].展开更多
Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))...Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).Suppose x≥(q_(1)q_(2))^(1+ε),1≤r_i≤q_i,and(r_i,q_i)=1(i=1,2).This paper studies the power moments and sign changes ofΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).We prove that for sufficiently large constant C,Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))changes sign in the interval[T,T+C√T]for any large T.Meanwhile,we show that for small constants c and c,there exist infinitely many subintervals of length c√log^(-7)T in[T,2T]where±Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))>cx^(1/4)always holds.展开更多
Automatically answer math word problems is a challenging task in artificial intelligence.Previous solvers constructed mathematical expressions in sequence or binary tree.However,these approaches may suffer from the fo...Automatically answer math word problems is a challenging task in artificial intelligence.Previous solvers constructed mathematical expressions in sequence or binary tree.However,these approaches may suffer from the following issues:Models relying on such structures exhibit fixed-order reasoning(e.g.,left-to-right),limiting flexibility and increasing error susceptibility;prior models rely on autoregressive reasoning in a single pass,accumulating minor errors(e.g.,incorrect math symbols)during generation,resulting in reduced accuracy.To address the above issues,we emulate the human“check and modify”process in reasoning and propose a unified M-tree self-correction solver(UTSCSolver)by iterative inference with self-correction mechanism.First,we use an iterative,non-autoregressive process for generating mathematical expressions,free from fixed generation orders to handle complex and diverse problems.Additionally,we design a self-correction mechanism based on alternating execution between a generator and a discriminator.This module iteratively detects and rectifies errors in generated expressions,leveraging previous iteration information for subsequent generation guidance.Experimental results show that our UTSC-Solver outperforms traditional models in accuracy on two popular datasets,while it improves the interpretability of mathematical reasoning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current statu...BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.展开更多
This case study explores the efficacy of school-based intervention to address psychosocial challenges faced by an 11-year-old adolescent. The case study aimed to decrease the agression and acting out behavior as resul...This case study explores the efficacy of school-based intervention to address psychosocial challenges faced by an 11-year-old adolescent. The case study aimed to decrease the agression and acting out behavior as result of being victimized at school by the peers. The aim was to assess and manage the child’s aggressive behavior and academic underperformance which played a significant role in the child’s low self-esteem and emotional regulation. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to rule out the difficulties and a multi-faceted intervention strategy was utilized including anger management and structured activity scheduling that helped that child to improve his academic performance as well as to learn to manage his emotional expression. Throughout 16 sessions, the intervention targeted key behavioural indicators such as emotional expression, and aggression;post-assessment results demonstrated a 22% improvement in the child’s behavioral and academic challenges. The findings suggest that a multi-faceted therapeutic approach can be effective in addressing complex issues of aggression and academic underperformance in children, highlighting the importance of integrated psychological and educational interventions.展开更多
Constraint satisfaction problems(CSPs)are a class of problems that are ubiquitous in science and engineering.They feature a collection of constraints specified over subsets of variables.A CSP can be solved either dire...Constraint satisfaction problems(CSPs)are a class of problems that are ubiquitous in science and engineering.They feature a collection of constraints specified over subsets of variables.A CSP can be solved either directly or by reducing it to other problems.This paper introduces the Julia ecosystem for solving and analyzing CSPs with a focus on the programming practices.We introduce some important CSPs and show how these problems are reduced to each other.We also show how to transform CSPs into tensor networks,how to optimize the tensor network contraction orders,and how to extract the solution space properties by contracting the tensor networks with generic element types.Examples are given,which include computing the entropy constant,analyzing the overlap gap property,and the reduction between CSPs.展开更多
This paper focuses on the direct and inverse problems for a third-order self-adjoint differential operator with non-local potential and anti-periodic boundary conditions.Firstly,we obtain the expressions for the chara...This paper focuses on the direct and inverse problems for a third-order self-adjoint differential operator with non-local potential and anti-periodic boundary conditions.Firstly,we obtain the expressions for the characteristic function and resolvent of this third-order differential operator.Secondly,by using the expression for the resolvent of the operator,we prove that the spectrum for this operator consists of simple eigenvalues and a finite number of eigenvalues with multiplicity 2.Finally,we solve the inverse problem for this operator,which states that the non-local potential function can be reconstructed from four spectra.Specially,we prove the Ambarzumyan theorem and indicate that odd or even potential functions can be reconstructed by three spectra.展开更多
In this paper,we use the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)method to investigate the Cauchy problem of the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation with step-like initial data:q(z,0)=o(1)as z→-∞and q(z,0)=δ+o(1)as z→∞,where...In this paper,we use the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)method to investigate the Cauchy problem of the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation with step-like initial data:q(z,0)=o(1)as z→-∞and q(z,0)=δ+o(1)as z→∞,whereδis an arbitrary positive constant.We show that the solution of the Cauchy problem can be determined by the solution of the corresponding matrix RH problem established on the plane of complex spectral parameterλ.As an example,we construct an exact solution of the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation in a special case via this RH problem.展开更多
As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production an...As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.展开更多
1.The price of a desk is 10 times the price of a chair.The desk costs 288 yuan more than the chair.How much does one desk and one chair cost?2.A and B start from two different places and walk toward each other.After 4...1.The price of a desk is 10 times the price of a chair.The desk costs 288 yuan more than the chair.How much does one desk and one chair cost?2.A and B start from two different places and walk toward each other.After 4 hours,they meet at a point that is 4 kilometres away from the midpoint between their starting points.A walks faster than B.How many more kilometres per hour does A walk than B?展开更多
A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoot...A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.展开更多
The Orlicz Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity seeks to determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for a given finite Borel measure,such that it is the Orlicz logarithmic capacitary measure of a convex b...The Orlicz Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity seeks to determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for a given finite Borel measure,such that it is the Orlicz logarithmic capacitary measure of a convex body.The Orlicz Minkowski problem for loga-rithmic capacity includes the Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity and the Lp Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity as special cases.The discrete case has been solved by the researchers.In this paper,we solve the Orlicz Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity with respect to general Borel measures by applying an approximation scheme.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72031009 and 71871171)the National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD058).
文摘In this paper,we propose an iterative algorithm to find the optimal incentive mechanism for the principal-agent problem under moral hazard where the number of agent action profiles is infinite,and where there are an infinite number of results that can be observed by the principal.This principal-agent problem has an infinite number of incentive-compatibility constraints,and we transform it into an optimization problem with an infinite number of constraints called a semi-infinite programming problem.We then propose an exterior penalty function method to find the optimal solution to this semi-infinite programming and illustrate the convergence of this algorithm.By analyzing the optimal solution obtained by the proposed penalty function method,we can obtain the optimal incentive mechanism for the principal-agent problem with an infinite number of incentive-compatibility constraints under moral hazard.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci‐ence Foundation of China(Grant No.62306325)。
文摘During the use of robotics in applications such as antiterrorism or combat,a motion-constrained pursuer vehicle,such as a Dubins unmanned surface vehicle(USV),must get close enough(within a prescribed zero or positive distance)to a moving target as quickly as possible,resulting in the extended minimum-time intercept problem(EMTIP).Existing research has primarily focused on the zero-distance intercept problem,MTIP,establishing the necessary or sufficient conditions for MTIP optimality,and utilizing analytic algorithms,such as root-finding algorithms,to calculate the optimal solutions.However,these approaches depend heavily on the properties of the analytic algorithm,making them inapplicable when problem settings change,such as in the case of a positive effective range or complicated target motions outside uniform rectilinear motion.In this study,an approach employing a high-accuracy and quality-guaranteed mixed-integer piecewise-linear program(QG-PWL)is proposed for the EMTIP.This program can accommodate different effective interception ranges and complicated target motions(variable velocity or complicated trajectories).The high accuracy and quality guarantees of QG-PWL originate from elegant strategies such as piecewise linearization and other developed operation strategies.The approximate error in the intercept path length is proved to be bounded to h^(2)/(4√2),where h is the piecewise length.
文摘Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper analyzes the current situation and the developing trends of Chinese private enterprises. It points out the obstacles confronted by Chinese private enterprise in setting up the principal-agent mechanism and proposes the corresponding solutions to these problems.
文摘The optimization investment policy decision of SCM-Supply Chain Management-implementation has been analysed under symmetric and asymmetric information conditions. For both conditions, SCM implementation options’ decision optimizing models have been developed. In these models, both clients and vendors try to pursue their own benefits. Based upon the principal-agent theory, the models show to what extent a principal (a client) needs to pay more to an agent (a vendor) in a context of asymmetric information. For the client, it is important to understand the extra costs to be able to adopt effective strategies to stimulate a vendor to perform an optimal implementation of a SCM system. The results of a simulation experiment regarding SCM implementation options illustrate and verify the theoretical findings and confirm the general notion that the less informed party is obliged to pay information rent to the better-informed party.
基金the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH121).
文摘The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.
文摘Based on principal-agent theory,this paper establishes an incentive contract mechanism between government and NPO under asymmetric information,and analyzes the impact of absolute risk aversion and output level on the expected utility of government,NPO and society.Research shows that risk aversion is negatively correlated with the expected utility of government,NPO and society.The output coefficient is positively correlated with the expected utility of government,NPO and society.Reducing absolute risk aversion,increasing output coefficient and increasing government incentives can effectively motivate NPO to actively participate in social rescue activities.
基金financially supported by a grant overseen by the French National Forestry Office through the Forests for Tomorrow International Teaching and Research Chair(Convention particulière n°1/2013)supported by the French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE,a part of the Investments for the Future Program(ANR 11--LABX-0002-01).
文摘Public authorities frequently mandate public or private agencies to manage their renewable natural resources.Contrary to the agency,which is an expert in renewable natural resource management,public authorities usually ignore the sustainable level of harvest.In this note,we first model the contractual relationship between a principal,who owns the renewable natural resource,and an agent,who holds private information on its sustainable level of harvest.We then look for the Pareto-optimal allocations.In the situation of an imperfect information setting,we find that the Pareto-optimal contracting depends on the probability that the harvesting level stands outside the sustainability interval.The information rent held by the agent turns out to be unavoidable,such that stepping outside the sustainability interval implies the possibility of depletion of the renewable natural resource.This,in turn,compromises the maintenance of the ecological balance in natural ecosystems.
基金Supported by NSFC (Nos.12471009,12301006,12001047,11901566)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.1242003)National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.202307011)。
文摘Let Pr denote an almost-prime with at most r prime factors,counted according to multiplicity.In this paper,it is proved that,for every sufficiently large even integer N,the equation N=x^(2)+p_(2)^(2)+p_(3)^(3)+p_(4)^(3)+p_(5)^(5)+_6^(5)is solvable with being an almost-prime P_(6) and the other variables primes.This result constitutes an enhancement upon the previous result of Hooley[Recent Progress in Analytic Number Theory,Vol.1(Durham,1979),London:Academic Press,1981,127-191].
基金supported by the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(No.2020RC012)NSFC(No.11871295),supported by NSFC(No.11971476),supported by NSFC(No.12071421)。
文摘Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).Suppose x≥(q_(1)q_(2))^(1+ε),1≤r_i≤q_i,and(r_i,q_i)=1(i=1,2).This paper studies the power moments and sign changes ofΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).We prove that for sufficiently large constant C,Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))changes sign in the interval[T,T+C√T]for any large T.Meanwhile,we show that for small constants c and c,there exist infinitely many subintervals of length c√log^(-7)T in[T,2T]where±Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))>cx^(1/4)always holds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62106244)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2150110021)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2022-042).
文摘Automatically answer math word problems is a challenging task in artificial intelligence.Previous solvers constructed mathematical expressions in sequence or binary tree.However,these approaches may suffer from the following issues:Models relying on such structures exhibit fixed-order reasoning(e.g.,left-to-right),limiting flexibility and increasing error susceptibility;prior models rely on autoregressive reasoning in a single pass,accumulating minor errors(e.g.,incorrect math symbols)during generation,resulting in reduced accuracy.To address the above issues,we emulate the human“check and modify”process in reasoning and propose a unified M-tree self-correction solver(UTSCSolver)by iterative inference with self-correction mechanism.First,we use an iterative,non-autoregressive process for generating mathematical expressions,free from fixed generation orders to handle complex and diverse problems.Additionally,we design a self-correction mechanism based on alternating execution between a generator and a discriminator.This module iteratively detects and rectifies errors in generated expressions,leveraging previous iteration information for subsequent generation guidance.Experimental results show that our UTSC-Solver outperforms traditional models in accuracy on two popular datasets,while it improves the interpretability of mathematical reasoning.
基金Supported by the Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Research and Development Program,No.221460383.
文摘BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.
文摘This case study explores the efficacy of school-based intervention to address psychosocial challenges faced by an 11-year-old adolescent. The case study aimed to decrease the agression and acting out behavior as result of being victimized at school by the peers. The aim was to assess and manage the child’s aggressive behavior and academic underperformance which played a significant role in the child’s low self-esteem and emotional regulation. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to rule out the difficulties and a multi-faceted intervention strategy was utilized including anger management and structured activity scheduling that helped that child to improve his academic performance as well as to learn to manage his emotional expression. Throughout 16 sessions, the intervention targeted key behavioural indicators such as emotional expression, and aggression;post-assessment results demonstrated a 22% improvement in the child’s behavioral and academic challenges. The findings suggest that a multi-faceted therapeutic approach can be effective in addressing complex issues of aggression and academic underperformance in children, highlighting the importance of integrated psychological and educational interventions.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0102500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12404568)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2023A03J00904)the Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China and the Undergraduate Research Project from HKUST(Guangzhou).
文摘Constraint satisfaction problems(CSPs)are a class of problems that are ubiquitous in science and engineering.They feature a collection of constraints specified over subsets of variables.A CSP can be solved either directly or by reducing it to other problems.This paper introduces the Julia ecosystem for solving and analyzing CSPs with a focus on the programming practices.We introduce some important CSPs and show how these problems are reduced to each other.We also show how to transform CSPs into tensor networks,how to optimize the tensor network contraction orders,and how to extract the solution space properties by contracting the tensor networks with generic element types.Examples are given,which include computing the entropy constant,analyzing the overlap gap property,and the reduction between CSPs.
基金supported by the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Program of China(No.23JCZDJC00070)。
文摘This paper focuses on the direct and inverse problems for a third-order self-adjoint differential operator with non-local potential and anti-periodic boundary conditions.Firstly,we obtain the expressions for the characteristic function and resolvent of this third-order differential operator.Secondly,by using the expression for the resolvent of the operator,we prove that the spectrum for this operator consists of simple eigenvalues and a finite number of eigenvalues with multiplicity 2.Finally,we solve the inverse problem for this operator,which states that the non-local potential function can be reconstructed from four spectra.Specially,we prove the Ambarzumyan theorem and indicate that odd or even potential functions can be reconstructed by three spectra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12147115the Discipline(Subject)Leader Cultivation Project of Universities in Anhui Province under Grant Nos.DTR2023052 and DTR2024046+2 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province under Grant No.2024AH040202the Young Top Notch Talents and Young Scholars of High End Talent Introduction and Cultivation Action Project in Anhui Provincethe Scientific Research Foundation Funded Project of Chuzhou University under Grant Nos.2022qd022 and 2022qd038。
文摘In this paper,we use the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)method to investigate the Cauchy problem of the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation with step-like initial data:q(z,0)=o(1)as z→-∞and q(z,0)=δ+o(1)as z→∞,whereδis an arbitrary positive constant.We show that the solution of the Cauchy problem can be determined by the solution of the corresponding matrix RH problem established on the plane of complex spectral parameterλ.As an example,we construct an exact solution of the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation in a special case via this RH problem.
基金Supported by Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-04-CES16).
文摘As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.
文摘1.The price of a desk is 10 times the price of a chair.The desk costs 288 yuan more than the chair.How much does one desk and one chair cost?2.A and B start from two different places and walk toward each other.After 4 hours,they meet at a point that is 4 kilometres away from the midpoint between their starting points.A walks faster than B.How many more kilometres per hour does A walk than B?
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371378,41725017,11901098).
文摘A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.
基金Supported by Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20231033)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department(GJJ210815)+2 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB201005)the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(12461010,12161043)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(24A0338)。
文摘The Orlicz Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity seeks to determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for a given finite Borel measure,such that it is the Orlicz logarithmic capacitary measure of a convex body.The Orlicz Minkowski problem for loga-rithmic capacity includes the Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity and the Lp Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity as special cases.The discrete case has been solved by the researchers.In this paper,we solve the Orlicz Minkowski problem for logarithmic capacity with respect to general Borel measures by applying an approximation scheme.
