In this paper, we built upon the estimating primaries by sparse inversion （EPSI） method. We use the 3D curvelet transform and modify the EPSI method to the sparse inversion of the biconvex optimization and Ll-norm r...In this paper, we built upon the estimating primaries by sparse inversion （EPSI） method. We use the 3D curvelet transform and modify the EPSI method to the sparse inversion of the biconvex optimization and Ll-norm regularization, and use alternating optimization to directly estimate the primary reflection coefficients and source wavelet. The 3D curvelet transform is used as a sparseness constraint when inverting the primary reflection coefficients, which results in avoiding the prediction subtraction process in the surface-related multiples elimination （SRME） method. The proposed method not only reduces the damage to the effective waves but also improves the elimination of multiples. It is also a wave equation- based method for elimination of surface multiple reflections, which effectively removes surface multiples under complex submarine conditions.展开更多
AIM: To study the differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers between familial and sporadic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS: The differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers were an...AIM: To study the differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers between familial and sporadic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS: The differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers were analyzed between ESCC patients with(n = 766) and without(n = 1776) a family history of the cancer. The cases analyzed constituted all consecutive patients who had undergone cure-intent surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 1 1975 to December 31 1989. Because we also originally aimed to examine the difference in survival time, only older subjects with a long follow-up period were selected.RESULTS: Overall, patients with ESCC and a positive family history of the cancer had a significantly younger age at onset and more multiple primary cancers than those without a positive family history(51.83 ± 8.39 vs 53.49 ± 8.23 years old, P = 0.000; 5.50% vs 1.70%, P = 0.000). Both of these differences were evident in subgroup analyses, however, no correlations were observed. While age at onset differed significantly by family history in males, smokers, and drinkers, the difference in multiple primary cancers by family history was significant in nonsmoking, nondrinking, and younger onset patients. In multivariate analysis, age over 50 years, tobacco smoking, and multiple primary cancers were found to be significant predictors of familial cancer: the corresponding OR(95%CI) and P-value were 0.974(0.963-0.985) and 0.000; 1.271(1.053-1.535) and 0.012; and 4.265(2.535-7.176) and 0.000, respectively.CONCLUSION: Patients with ESCC and a positive family history of the cancer had a significantly younger onset age and more multiple primary cancers than those without a positive family history. Sub-group analyses indicated that younger onset age may be due to the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental hazards, and multiple primary cancers may only be due to genetic predisposition.展开更多
Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively invest...Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively investigated.Macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and interfacial structure of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The results show that magnetic pulse welding of dissimilar Mg/Fe metals is achieved using an Al interlayer,which acts as a bridge for deformation and diffusion.Specifically,the AZ31B/AA1060 interface exhibits a typical wavy morphology,and a transition zone exists at the joint interface,which may result in an extremely complex microstructure.The microstructure of this transition zone differs from that of AZ31B magnesium and 1060 Al alloys,and it is identified as brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)Al_(3)Mg_(2) and Al_(12)Mg_(17).The transition zone is mainly distributed on the Al side,with the maximum thickness of Al-side transition layer reaching approximately 13.53μm.Incomplete melting layers with varying thicknesses are observed at the primary weld interface,while micron-sized hole defects appear in the transition zone of the secondary weld interface.The AA1060/DC56D interface is mainly straight,with only a small number of discontinuous transition zones distributed intermittently along the interface.These transition zones are characterized by the presence of the brittle IMC FeAl_(3),with a maximum thickness of about 4μm.展开更多
Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a very rare disease,accounting for less than 1%of all primary hepatic malignancies[1].As a malignant tumor of the smooth muscle,it originates in the hepatic blood vessels,bile ducts o...Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a very rare disease,accounting for less than 1%of all primary hepatic malignancies[1].As a malignant tumor of the smooth muscle,it originates in the hepatic blood vessels,bile ducts or round ligaments of the liver[2,3].The clinical manifestations are nonspecific,and tumors are usually asymptomatic until they are relatively large in size.Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is characterized by a relatively poor prognosis and aggressive metastatic potential[3].The specific etiology and pathogenesis of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma are still unclear.Several studies indicated that primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma might be related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome[4],Epstein-Barr virus[5],immunosuppression after organ transplantation[6],hepatitis virus[7,8],Hodgkin’s lymphoma[9]and other medical histories.Here,we present a case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma.展开更多
The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for syn...The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different ...BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glauc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.展开更多
Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organ...Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.展开更多
Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To addre...Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.展开更多
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the effect of chemical short-range order(CSRO)on the primary radiation damage in TiVTaNb high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We have performed displacement cascade simula...Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the effect of chemical short-range order(CSRO)on the primary radiation damage in TiVTaNb high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We have performed displacement cascade simulations to explore the CSRO effect on the generation and evolution behaviors of irradiation defects.The results demonstrate that CSRO can suppress the formation of Frenkel pairs in TiVTaNb HEAs,with the suppression effect becoming more pronounced as the degree of CSRO increases.CSRO can change the types of interstitial defects generated during cascade collisions.Specifically,as the degree of CSRO increases,the proportion of Ti-related interstitials shows a marked enhancement,primarily evidenced by a significant rise in Ti–Ti dumbbells accompanied by a corresponding decrease in Ti–V dumbbells.CSRO exhibits negligible influence on defect clustering and the nucleation and evolution of dislocation loops.Regardless of CSRO conditions,TiVTaNb HEAs preserve exceptional radiation tolerance throughout the cascade damage process,suggesting that the intrinsic properties of this multi-principal element system dominate its radiation response.These findings provide fundamental insights into the CSRO effect on defect formation and evolution behaviors in HEAs,which may provide new design strategies for high-entropy alloys.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longit...AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.展开更多
AIM:To study the relationships between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and analyze the diagnostic value of ALFF...AIM:To study the relationships between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and analyze the diagnostic value of ALFF.METHODS:Twenty-four POAG patients and 24 healthy controls(HCs)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Nonparametric rank-sum tests were used to compare the ALFF values in the slow-4 and slow-5 bands,and Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between ALFF changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in POAG patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ALFF.RESULTS:There were 16 males in POAG patients(median age 48y)and 12 males in HCs(median age 39y).Compared with HCs,POAG patients presented increased or decreased ALFF values in different brain regions,and similar changes were observed in mild POAG patients.The ALFF values were correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,inner limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium thickness changes and the degree of visual field defects.Analysis of the diagnostic value of the ALFF via ROC curves revealed that the right medial frontal gyrus[area under the curve(AUC)=0.9063]and superior frontal gyrus(AUC=0.9097)had better diagnostic value than did the optic disc area(AUC=0.8019),visual field index(VFI%,AUC=0.8988)and macular parameters.CONCLUSION:POAG patients present altered cortical function that is significantly correlated with the optic nerve and retinal thickness and had good diagnostic value,which may reflect the underlying neuropathological mechanism of POAG.展开更多
Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord ...Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.展开更多
AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:...AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.展开更多
For decades,the central dogma of oncology has been that a cancer’s identity is inextricably linked to its anatomical origin.This principle underpins the entire diagnostic and therapeutic framework,from histology-base...For decades,the central dogma of oncology has been that a cancer’s identity is inextricably linked to its anatomical origin.This principle underpins the entire diagnostic and therapeutic framework,from histology-based classification to site-specific treatment guidelines.Yet,this framework catastrophically fails for a substantial population of patients diagnosed with cancer of unknown primary(CUP).These patients present metastatic disease,yet their primary tumors remain elusive despite exhaustive clinical workup1.CUP,accounting for 1%-3%of all cancer diagnoses,is an enigma with devastating consequences;the median overall survival is only 2-12 months2-4.The inability to pinpoint an origin forces clinicians to rely on broad-spectrum empirical chemotherapy,such as taxane-carboplatin regimens,which have limited efficacy and exclude patients from the promise of targeted therapies and clinical trials5.CUP is not only a diagnostic challenge but also an indictment of the siloed approach to understanding malignancy:this cancer highlights the limitations of origin-based diagnostic frameworks.However,the confluence of high-dimensional biological data and advanced artificial intelligence(AI)is now poised to address this long-standing diagnostic limitation and to herald a new era for not only CUP but also oncology as a whole(Figure 1).展开更多
Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tiansh...Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tianshan Mountains of Northwest China.We integrated multi-source remote sensing with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach(CASA)model to estimate NPP during 2000–2020,assessed trend persistence using the Hurst exponent,and identified key drivers and nonlinear thresholds with Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).Total NPP averaged 55.74 Tg C/a and ranged from 48.07 to 65.91 Tg C/a from 2000 to 2020,while regional mean NPP rose from 138.97 to 160.69 g C/(m^(2)·a).Land use transfer analysis showed that grassland expanded mainly at the expense of unutilized land and that cropland increased overall.Although NPP increased across 64.11%of the region during 2000–2020,persistence analysis suggested that 53.93%of the Tianshan Mountains was prone to continued NPP decline,including 36.41%with significant projected decline and 17.52%with weak projected decline;these areas formed degradation hotspots concentrated in the central and northern Tianshan Mountains.In contrast,potential improvement was limited(strong persistent improvement:4.97%;strong anti-persistent improvement:0.36%).Driver attribution indicated that land use dominated NPP variability(mean absolute SHAP value=29.54%),followed by precipitation(16.03%)and temperature(11.05%).SHAP dependence analyses showed that precipitation effects stabilized at 300.00–400.00 mm,and temperature exhibited an inverted U-shaped response with a peak near 0.00°C.These findings indicated that persistent degradation risk arose from hydrothermal constraints interacting with land use conversion,highlighting the need for threshold-informed,spatially targeted management to sustain carbon sequestration in arid mountain ecosystems.展开更多
Recently,attenuation of surface-related multiples is implemented by a large-scale sparsity-promoting inversion where the primaries are iteratively estimated without a subtraction process,which is called estimation of ...Recently,attenuation of surface-related multiples is implemented by a large-scale sparsity-promoting inversion where the primaries are iteratively estimated without a subtraction process,which is called estimation of primaries by sparse inversion(EPSI).By inverting for surface-free impulse responses,EPSI simultaneously updates the primaries and multiples,both of which contribute to explaining the input data,and therefore promote the global convergence gradually.However,one of the major concerns of EPSI may lie in its high computational cost.In this paper,based on the same gradient-descent framework with EPSI,we develop a computationally cost-effective primary estimation approach in which a newly defined parameterization of primary-multiple model is adopted and an efficiently defined analytical step-length is developed.The developed approach can yield a better primary estimation at less computational cost as compared to EPSI,which is verified by two synthetic datasets in numerical examples.Moreover,we apply this approach to a shallow-water field dataset and achieve a desirable performance.展开更多
The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution ki...The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.展开更多
PURPOSE:To investigate the differences in gut microbial characteristics between two traditional Chinese syndromes of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI).METHODS:Forty women with POI were recruited from the Department...PURPOSE:To investigate the differences in gut microbial characteristics between two traditional Chinese syndromes of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI).METHODS:Forty women with POI were recruited from the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between June and December 2020.Women with POI were divided into the kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(SDBS)and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome(QBDS)groups.Gut microbial community profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina Mi Seq system.A retrospective study comparing hormone levels and gut microbiota information was performed between the SDBS and QBDS groups.RESULTS:Compared with the QBDS group,the serum levels of estradiol(E2)and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were significantly decreased in the SDBS group.The quantities of Adlercreutzia,Eggerthella,Klebsiella,and Paraprevotella significantly increased in the SDBS group,whereas Lactobacillus decreased significantly.Moreover,alterations in the microbiome in the SDBS and QBDS groups were closely related to the levels of E2 and AMH.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the classification of the two syndromes by the gut microbiome was 0.71.CONCLUSIONS:There were significant differences in the dominant microbiota between the SDBS and QBDS groups,and the change in Proteobacteria in the QBDS group was more significant.The characteristics of gut microbiota help us differentiate between the SDBS and QBDS groups,which may provide a basis for the objectification of TCM syndrome types.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2011ZX05023-005-008)
文摘In this paper, we built upon the estimating primaries by sparse inversion （EPSI） method. We use the 3D curvelet transform and modify the EPSI method to the sparse inversion of the biconvex optimization and Ll-norm regularization, and use alternating optimization to directly estimate the primary reflection coefficients and source wavelet. The 3D curvelet transform is used as a sparseness constraint when inverting the primary reflection coefficients, which results in avoiding the prediction subtraction process in the surface-related multiples elimination （SRME） method. The proposed method not only reduces the damage to the effective waves but also improves the elimination of multiples. It is also a wave equation- based method for elimination of surface multiple reflections, which effectively removes surface multiples under complex submarine conditions.
文摘AIM: To study the differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers between familial and sporadic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS: The differences in onset age and multiple primary cancers were analyzed between ESCC patients with(n = 766) and without(n = 1776) a family history of the cancer. The cases analyzed constituted all consecutive patients who had undergone cure-intent surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 1 1975 to December 31 1989. Because we also originally aimed to examine the difference in survival time, only older subjects with a long follow-up period were selected.RESULTS: Overall, patients with ESCC and a positive family history of the cancer had a significantly younger age at onset and more multiple primary cancers than those without a positive family history(51.83 ± 8.39 vs 53.49 ± 8.23 years old, P = 0.000; 5.50% vs 1.70%, P = 0.000). Both of these differences were evident in subgroup analyses, however, no correlations were observed. While age at onset differed significantly by family history in males, smokers, and drinkers, the difference in multiple primary cancers by family history was significant in nonsmoking, nondrinking, and younger onset patients. In multivariate analysis, age over 50 years, tobacco smoking, and multiple primary cancers were found to be significant predictors of familial cancer: the corresponding OR(95%CI) and P-value were 0.974(0.963-0.985) and 0.000; 1.271(1.053-1.535) and 0.012; and 4.265(2.535-7.176) and 0.000, respectively.CONCLUSION: Patients with ESCC and a positive family history of the cancer had a significantly younger onset age and more multiple primary cancers than those without a positive family history. Sub-group analyses indicated that younger onset age may be due to the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental hazards, and multiple primary cancers may only be due to genetic predisposition.
文摘Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively investigated.Macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and interfacial structure of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The results show that magnetic pulse welding of dissimilar Mg/Fe metals is achieved using an Al interlayer,which acts as a bridge for deformation and diffusion.Specifically,the AZ31B/AA1060 interface exhibits a typical wavy morphology,and a transition zone exists at the joint interface,which may result in an extremely complex microstructure.The microstructure of this transition zone differs from that of AZ31B magnesium and 1060 Al alloys,and it is identified as brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)Al_(3)Mg_(2) and Al_(12)Mg_(17).The transition zone is mainly distributed on the Al side,with the maximum thickness of Al-side transition layer reaching approximately 13.53μm.Incomplete melting layers with varying thicknesses are observed at the primary weld interface,while micron-sized hole defects appear in the transition zone of the secondary weld interface.The AA1060/DC56D interface is mainly straight,with only a small number of discontinuous transition zones distributed intermittently along the interface.These transition zones are characterized by the presence of the brittle IMC FeAl_(3),with a maximum thickness of about 4μm.
文摘Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a very rare disease,accounting for less than 1%of all primary hepatic malignancies[1].As a malignant tumor of the smooth muscle,it originates in the hepatic blood vessels,bile ducts or round ligaments of the liver[2,3].The clinical manifestations are nonspecific,and tumors are usually asymptomatic until they are relatively large in size.Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is characterized by a relatively poor prognosis and aggressive metastatic potential[3].The specific etiology and pathogenesis of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma are still unclear.Several studies indicated that primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma might be related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome[4],Epstein-Barr virus[5],immunosuppression after organ transplantation[6],hepatitis virus[7,8],Hodgkin’s lymphoma[9]and other medical histories.Here,we present a case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22071185 and 22271224)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2042019kf0008)Wuhan University startup funding for financial support。
文摘The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82402789Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Youcai Plan,No.KYYC202402+1 种基金Beijing Jishuitan Research Funding,No.HL202402and Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.L232062,No.L222063.
文摘BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20421)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,the 533 Talent Program of Huaian City,and the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Jiangsu Province(X202510323027).
文摘Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China under Grant for Science and Technology Projects(No.SGNXJYOOZWJS2500029).
文摘Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.
基金Project supported by the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12405324)the CNNC Science Fund for Talented Young Scholars(Grant No.24940)the CNNC Basic Science Fund(Grant No.24851)。
文摘Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the effect of chemical short-range order(CSRO)on the primary radiation damage in TiVTaNb high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We have performed displacement cascade simulations to explore the CSRO effect on the generation and evolution behaviors of irradiation defects.The results demonstrate that CSRO can suppress the formation of Frenkel pairs in TiVTaNb HEAs,with the suppression effect becoming more pronounced as the degree of CSRO increases.CSRO can change the types of interstitial defects generated during cascade collisions.Specifically,as the degree of CSRO increases,the proportion of Ti-related interstitials shows a marked enhancement,primarily evidenced by a significant rise in Ti–Ti dumbbells accompanied by a corresponding decrease in Ti–V dumbbells.CSRO exhibits negligible influence on defect clustering and the nucleation and evolution of dislocation loops.Regardless of CSRO conditions,TiVTaNb HEAs preserve exceptional radiation tolerance throughout the cascade damage process,suggesting that the intrinsic properties of this multi-principal element system dominate its radiation response.These findings provide fundamental insights into the CSRO effect on defect formation and evolution behaviors in HEAs,which may provide new design strategies for high-entropy alloys.
文摘AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260203).
文摘AIM:To study the relationships between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and analyze the diagnostic value of ALFF.METHODS:Twenty-four POAG patients and 24 healthy controls(HCs)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Nonparametric rank-sum tests were used to compare the ALFF values in the slow-4 and slow-5 bands,and Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between ALFF changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in POAG patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ALFF.RESULTS:There were 16 males in POAG patients(median age 48y)and 12 males in HCs(median age 39y).Compared with HCs,POAG patients presented increased or decreased ALFF values in different brain regions,and similar changes were observed in mild POAG patients.The ALFF values were correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,inner limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium thickness changes and the degree of visual field defects.Analysis of the diagnostic value of the ALFF via ROC curves revealed that the right medial frontal gyrus[area under the curve(AUC)=0.9063]and superior frontal gyrus(AUC=0.9097)had better diagnostic value than did the optic disc area(AUC=0.8019),visual field index(VFI%,AUC=0.8988)and macular parameters.CONCLUSION:POAG patients present altered cortical function that is significantly correlated with the optic nerve and retinal thickness and had good diagnostic value,which may reflect the underlying neuropathological mechanism of POAG.
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology China,No.2022ZD0204704(to WW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301572(to XZ)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M731202(to XZ)。
文摘Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HR20C0026)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.RS-2023-00247504)the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center,funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HC19C0276).
文摘AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32270688,31801117,and 82430107 to X.L.,and 32500589 to H.S.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.BX20240253 and 2024M762384 to H.S.)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.24JCQNJC01280 to H.S.)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(Grant No.TJYXZDXK-3-003A).
文摘For decades,the central dogma of oncology has been that a cancer’s identity is inextricably linked to its anatomical origin.This principle underpins the entire diagnostic and therapeutic framework,from histology-based classification to site-specific treatment guidelines.Yet,this framework catastrophically fails for a substantial population of patients diagnosed with cancer of unknown primary(CUP).These patients present metastatic disease,yet their primary tumors remain elusive despite exhaustive clinical workup1.CUP,accounting for 1%-3%of all cancer diagnoses,is an enigma with devastating consequences;the median overall survival is only 2-12 months2-4.The inability to pinpoint an origin forces clinicians to rely on broad-spectrum empirical chemotherapy,such as taxane-carboplatin regimens,which have limited efficacy and exclude patients from the promise of targeted therapies and clinical trials5.CUP is not only a diagnostic challenge but also an indictment of the siloed approach to understanding malignancy:this cancer highlights the limitations of origin-based diagnostic frameworks.However,the confluence of high-dimensional biological data and advanced artificial intelligence(AI)is now poised to address this long-standing diagnostic limitation and to herald a new era for not only CUP but also oncology as a whole(Figure 1).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023E01006,2024TSYCCX0004).
文摘Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tianshan Mountains of Northwest China.We integrated multi-source remote sensing with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach(CASA)model to estimate NPP during 2000–2020,assessed trend persistence using the Hurst exponent,and identified key drivers and nonlinear thresholds with Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).Total NPP averaged 55.74 Tg C/a and ranged from 48.07 to 65.91 Tg C/a from 2000 to 2020,while regional mean NPP rose from 138.97 to 160.69 g C/(m^(2)·a).Land use transfer analysis showed that grassland expanded mainly at the expense of unutilized land and that cropland increased overall.Although NPP increased across 64.11%of the region during 2000–2020,persistence analysis suggested that 53.93%of the Tianshan Mountains was prone to continued NPP decline,including 36.41%with significant projected decline and 17.52%with weak projected decline;these areas formed degradation hotspots concentrated in the central and northern Tianshan Mountains.In contrast,potential improvement was limited(strong persistent improvement:4.97%;strong anti-persistent improvement:0.36%).Driver attribution indicated that land use dominated NPP variability(mean absolute SHAP value=29.54%),followed by precipitation(16.03%)and temperature(11.05%).SHAP dependence analyses showed that precipitation effects stabilized at 300.00–400.00 mm,and temperature exhibited an inverted U-shaped response with a peak near 0.00°C.These findings indicated that persistent degradation risk arose from hydrothermal constraints interacting with land use conversion,highlighting the need for threshold-informed,spatially targeted management to sustain carbon sequestration in arid mountain ecosystems.
基金support to our research group.The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41730425,41430321)National Oil and Gas Major Project of China(Grant 2017ZX05008-007).
文摘Recently,attenuation of surface-related multiples is implemented by a large-scale sparsity-promoting inversion where the primaries are iteratively estimated without a subtraction process,which is called estimation of primaries by sparse inversion(EPSI).By inverting for surface-free impulse responses,EPSI simultaneously updates the primaries and multiples,both of which contribute to explaining the input data,and therefore promote the global convergence gradually.However,one of the major concerns of EPSI may lie in its high computational cost.In this paper,based on the same gradient-descent framework with EPSI,we develop a computationally cost-effective primary estimation approach in which a newly defined parameterization of primary-multiple model is adopted and an efficiently defined analytical step-length is developed.The developed approach can yield a better primary estimation at less computational cost as compared to EPSI,which is verified by two synthetic datasets in numerical examples.Moreover,we apply this approach to a shallow-water field dataset and achieve a desirable performance.
基金supported by Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS-2023-Z13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)+1 种基金A portion of the work was performed at US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,which is supported by the National Science Foundation(Cooperative Agreement No.DMR-1157490 and DMR-1644779)the State of Florida.Thanks also to Mary Tyler for editing.
文摘The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.
基金Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen:the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Luo Songping National Famous Chinese Medicine Practitioner Female Reproductive Disorders Prevention and Treatment Team(SZZYSM202311010)Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Investigation of the Mechanism of Regulating Ren-Tong-Du Acupuncture on Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome based on Activin A/Smads Signalling Pathway(No.20181229)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Evaluation of the Efficacy of Menstrual Regulation and Pregnancy Promotion by Acupuncture in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency(No.20201294)Shenzhen Science and Innovation Commission:Investigating the Mechanism of Action of Acupuncture in Regulating the Gut Microbiome to Inhibit Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Mice based on the Rictor/Torepamycin Target Protein C2 Pathway(No.JCYJ20210324130001004)。
文摘PURPOSE:To investigate the differences in gut microbial characteristics between two traditional Chinese syndromes of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI).METHODS:Forty women with POI were recruited from the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between June and December 2020.Women with POI were divided into the kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(SDBS)and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome(QBDS)groups.Gut microbial community profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina Mi Seq system.A retrospective study comparing hormone levels and gut microbiota information was performed between the SDBS and QBDS groups.RESULTS:Compared with the QBDS group,the serum levels of estradiol(E2)and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were significantly decreased in the SDBS group.The quantities of Adlercreutzia,Eggerthella,Klebsiella,and Paraprevotella significantly increased in the SDBS group,whereas Lactobacillus decreased significantly.Moreover,alterations in the microbiome in the SDBS and QBDS groups were closely related to the levels of E2 and AMH.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the classification of the two syndromes by the gut microbiome was 0.71.CONCLUSIONS:There were significant differences in the dominant microbiota between the SDBS and QBDS groups,and the change in Proteobacteria in the QBDS group was more significant.The characteristics of gut microbiota help us differentiate between the SDBS and QBDS groups,which may provide a basis for the objectification of TCM syndrome types.
