New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively co...New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.展开更多
Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for...Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.展开更多
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of H...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.展开更多
Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-...Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region....With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half...Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.展开更多
As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variat...As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).展开更多
In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positi...In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.展开更多
Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate an...Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the reasons that affect patients compliance in the treatment of diabetic patients, and to explore measures to improve the quality of care. Methods: the analysis results are valid in comparison. T...Objective: to analyze the reasons that affect patients compliance in the treatment of diabetic patients, and to explore measures to improve the quality of care. Methods: the analysis results are valid in comparison. The number of patients participating in this study is 86. The 86 patients were admitted between January 2018 and December 2020. The patients were divided into a control group of 44 according to their medication status (poor compliance), 42 in the observation group (high compliance). The patients knowledge of diabetes and their psychology were compared to explore the reasons that affect the patients compliance. Results: after comparative analysis and sorting, it was found that there are many reasons that affect patients compliance, including age, degree of diabetes knowledge and other factors. From a statistical point of view, P<0.05 has practical comparative value. Conclusion: in the nursing of diabetic patients, the reasons for poor patient compliance are related to a variety of factors. Therefore, for diabetic patients, further health education and psychological care should be given to patients, which can enhance patient compliance and help patients. Relieve negative psychological emotions and generally help patients with treatment.展开更多
At present, with the rapid development of Chinas market economy, various industries have appeared the trend of rapid development, the demand for power resources is increasing day by day, making the construction speed ...At present, with the rapid development of Chinas market economy, various industries have appeared the trend of rapid development, the demand for power resources is increasing day by day, making the construction speed of our country greatly accelerated, and due to the long construction cycle, the large amount of investment, therefore, the economic operation of the power companies put forward higher requirements. This paper discusses the economy of power project, analyzes it, analyzes the danger in economic operation, and puts forward its own views on how to prevent and control the economic operation of power project.展开更多
With the improvement of China's economic level, China's aviation industry has developed rapidly, especially China's civil aviation industry has stepped onto a new stage. At civil aviation airports, the pos...With the improvement of China's economic level, China's aviation industry has developed rapidly, especially China's civil aviation industry has stepped onto a new stage. At civil aviation airports, the possibility of collision with birds has increased significantly in recent years, seriously threatening the civil aviation economy and even the safety of pilots and their passengers. On this basis, this paper will develop the ecological research methods and prevention strategies of airport bird status from the following aspects. Based on his long-term experience, the author puts forward some suggestions for reference.展开更多
Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,whic...Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients'improvement,reduce health care cost,and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications.Therefore,this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures,potential complications,and measures for prevention.Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique,early detection of complications,and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention.Implementation of education,training,and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications.Thus,the strict care of indwelling PICC lines,the targeted and reasonable PICCassociated complication prevention,and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.展开更多
Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossi...Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.展开更多
N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data...N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage ...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.展开更多
In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to devel...In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.展开更多
In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,mo...In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.展开更多
<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalize...<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.展开更多
文摘New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.
文摘Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.
文摘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.
基金Our study was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.71904166)Yunnan high-level medical cultivation programme(No.H-2018103)13th Five-year National S&T Major Project for Comprehensive Pilots(No.2018ZX10715006).
文摘Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
文摘With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.
基金Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No.2020-10)the Beijing Young Talent Program (No.2016000021469G189)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.
文摘As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).
文摘In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.
文摘Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.
文摘Objective: to analyze the reasons that affect patients compliance in the treatment of diabetic patients, and to explore measures to improve the quality of care. Methods: the analysis results are valid in comparison. The number of patients participating in this study is 86. The 86 patients were admitted between January 2018 and December 2020. The patients were divided into a control group of 44 according to their medication status (poor compliance), 42 in the observation group (high compliance). The patients knowledge of diabetes and their psychology were compared to explore the reasons that affect the patients compliance. Results: after comparative analysis and sorting, it was found that there are many reasons that affect patients compliance, including age, degree of diabetes knowledge and other factors. From a statistical point of view, P<0.05 has practical comparative value. Conclusion: in the nursing of diabetic patients, the reasons for poor patient compliance are related to a variety of factors. Therefore, for diabetic patients, further health education and psychological care should be given to patients, which can enhance patient compliance and help patients. Relieve negative psychological emotions and generally help patients with treatment.
文摘At present, with the rapid development of Chinas market economy, various industries have appeared the trend of rapid development, the demand for power resources is increasing day by day, making the construction speed of our country greatly accelerated, and due to the long construction cycle, the large amount of investment, therefore, the economic operation of the power companies put forward higher requirements. This paper discusses the economy of power project, analyzes it, analyzes the danger in economic operation, and puts forward its own views on how to prevent and control the economic operation of power project.
文摘With the improvement of China's economic level, China's aviation industry has developed rapidly, especially China's civil aviation industry has stepped onto a new stage. At civil aviation airports, the possibility of collision with birds has increased significantly in recent years, seriously threatening the civil aviation economy and even the safety of pilots and their passengers. On this basis, this paper will develop the ecological research methods and prevention strategies of airport bird status from the following aspects. Based on his long-term experience, the author puts forward some suggestions for reference.
文摘Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients'improvement,reduce health care cost,and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications.Therefore,this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures,potential complications,and measures for prevention.Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique,early detection of complications,and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention.Implementation of education,training,and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications.Thus,the strict care of indwelling PICC lines,the targeted and reasonable PICCassociated complication prevention,and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.
基金the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 102-2811-B-005022) for financially supporting
文摘Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201130)
文摘N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.
文摘In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.
基金Supported by Sugar Crop Research System(CARS-170303)the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program(2018LJRC56)+1 种基金Menglian and Changyu Science and Enterprise Cooperation Projectthe Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System.
文摘In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.
