An open-source software for field-based plant phenotyping,Precision Plots Analyzer(PREPs),was developed using Window.NET.The software runs on 64-bit Windows computers.This software allows the extraction of phenotypic ...An open-source software for field-based plant phenotyping,Precision Plots Analyzer(PREPs),was developed using Window.NET.The software runs on 64-bit Windows computers.This software allows the extraction of phenotypic traits on a per-microplot basis from orthomosaic and digital surface model(DSM)images generated by Structure-from-Motion/Multi-View-Stereo(SfM-MVS)tools.Moreover,there is no need to acquire skills in geographical information system(GIS)or programming languages for image analysis.Three use cases illustrated the software's functionality.The first involved monitoring the growth of sugar beet varieties in an experimental field using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),where differences among varieties were detected through estimates of crop height,coverage,and volume index.Second,mixed varieties of potato crops were estimated using a UAV and varietal differences were observed from the estimated phenotypic traits.A strong correlation was observed between the manually measured crop height and UAV-estimated crop height.Finally,using a multicamera array attached to a tractor,the height,coverage,and volume index of the 3 potato varieties were precisely estimated.PREPs software is poised to be a useful tool that allows anyone without prior knowledge of programming to extract crop traits for phenotyping.展开更多
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection(SSI)is a major concern in orthopaedic surgery procedures as they can have devastating consequences for patients and their outcomes.Many infection prevention measures are routinely ta...BACKGROUND Surgical site infection(SSI)is a major concern in orthopaedic surgery procedures as they can have devastating consequences for patients and their outcomes.Many infection prevention measures are routinely taken in order to prevent infection during surgery,the main one being surgical skin preparation prior to any incision.AIM To investigate the efficacy of different perioperative surgical skin preparation products commonly used in orthopaedic surgery.METHODS Seven databases were searched from inception to January 25,2025,using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings terms,specifically for studies comparing any two surgical skin preparation products used at any point prior to skin incision for orthopaedic procedures.Titles and abstracts were screened and full texts reviewed based on inclusion criteria.Data was extracted on study design,interventions,and outcomes from studies that met inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was not completed due to heterogeneity.RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria in this systematic review.In extremity fracture surgery,evidence was mixed on whether iodine or chlorhexidine-based solutions are more effective at preventing SSI.No significant difference was found between iodine and chlorhexidine-based solutions in total joint arthroplasty,spine surgery,foot and ankle surgery,or upper extremity surgery.No tested preparation method was superior in reducing positive Cutibac terium acnes culture rates in upper extremity(shoulder)surgery.Adding adjuncts to iodine and chlorhexidine methods,such as isopropyl alcohol,hydrogen peroxide,or benzoyl peroxide showed no significant changes to SSI or bacterial cultures.CONCLUSION Current literature shows no significant difference between chlorhexidine-based and iodine-based skin preparation solutions in orthopaedic extremity or spine surgery regarding SSI prevention or culture results.Likewise,adding other antiseptic agents provided no clear benefit.While skin antisepsis is important,many different factors contribute to SSI risk outside of the skin preparation solution.展开更多
基金partially supported by CREST(JPMJCR1512)AIP Acceleration Research(JPMJCR21U3)of JST.
文摘An open-source software for field-based plant phenotyping,Precision Plots Analyzer(PREPs),was developed using Window.NET.The software runs on 64-bit Windows computers.This software allows the extraction of phenotypic traits on a per-microplot basis from orthomosaic and digital surface model(DSM)images generated by Structure-from-Motion/Multi-View-Stereo(SfM-MVS)tools.Moreover,there is no need to acquire skills in geographical information system(GIS)or programming languages for image analysis.Three use cases illustrated the software's functionality.The first involved monitoring the growth of sugar beet varieties in an experimental field using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),where differences among varieties were detected through estimates of crop height,coverage,and volume index.Second,mixed varieties of potato crops were estimated using a UAV and varietal differences were observed from the estimated phenotypic traits.A strong correlation was observed between the manually measured crop height and UAV-estimated crop height.Finally,using a multicamera array attached to a tractor,the height,coverage,and volume index of the 3 potato varieties were precisely estimated.PREPs software is poised to be a useful tool that allows anyone without prior knowledge of programming to extract crop traits for phenotyping.
文摘BACKGROUND Surgical site infection(SSI)is a major concern in orthopaedic surgery procedures as they can have devastating consequences for patients and their outcomes.Many infection prevention measures are routinely taken in order to prevent infection during surgery,the main one being surgical skin preparation prior to any incision.AIM To investigate the efficacy of different perioperative surgical skin preparation products commonly used in orthopaedic surgery.METHODS Seven databases were searched from inception to January 25,2025,using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings terms,specifically for studies comparing any two surgical skin preparation products used at any point prior to skin incision for orthopaedic procedures.Titles and abstracts were screened and full texts reviewed based on inclusion criteria.Data was extracted on study design,interventions,and outcomes from studies that met inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was not completed due to heterogeneity.RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria in this systematic review.In extremity fracture surgery,evidence was mixed on whether iodine or chlorhexidine-based solutions are more effective at preventing SSI.No significant difference was found between iodine and chlorhexidine-based solutions in total joint arthroplasty,spine surgery,foot and ankle surgery,or upper extremity surgery.No tested preparation method was superior in reducing positive Cutibac terium acnes culture rates in upper extremity(shoulder)surgery.Adding adjuncts to iodine and chlorhexidine methods,such as isopropyl alcohol,hydrogen peroxide,or benzoyl peroxide showed no significant changes to SSI or bacterial cultures.CONCLUSION Current literature shows no significant difference between chlorhexidine-based and iodine-based skin preparation solutions in orthopaedic extremity or spine surgery regarding SSI prevention or culture results.Likewise,adding other antiseptic agents provided no clear benefit.While skin antisepsis is important,many different factors contribute to SSI risk outside of the skin preparation solution.
