BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported ex...BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported experiences of PUs. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we present two cases of young patients with PUs located in their tongue, which is very rare and easily misdiagnosed in clinical work. Both two young patients complained of an itchy tongue and cannot help biting their tongue. These two cases were worth reporting because it was rare that PUs was the initial symptom and located in the tongue. The results indicated that PUs seem to play an important role in the generation of tics. CONCLUSION Thus, PUs may be the first process, and an essential part, of the formation of tics.展开更多
A premonitory sign of an anomalous SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific shows up in the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) 18 months earlier,and the air-sea relationship between the STMW and the anomalous ...A premonitory sign of an anomalous SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific shows up in the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) 18 months earlier,and the air-sea relationship between the STMW and the anomalous SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific is shown.This premonitory connection involves an air-sea coupling between the longtime persistent mid-latitude sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) induced by the remote re-emergence of the STMW and the following spring subtropical atmospheric circulation anomalies.An examination of the air-sea interaction reveals that the following spring subtropical atmospheric circulation,which responds to the longtime persistent SSTA,is dominated by the anomalous negative (positive) geopotential height downstream of the negative (positive) SSTA in the strong (weak) STMW case.Thus,the tropics adjust to these anomalies through coupled dynamics,producing positive (negative) SST anomalies over the eastern equatorial Pacific.A cold water event that occurred over the eastern equatorial Pacific during winter 2008-09 was successfully forecasted by the weak summer STMW index in 2007.The evolution of this process for the air-sea interactions from the autumn of 2007 to December 2008 is presented.展开更多
Importance Tics usually start around 4–6 years old and affect about 1%of school‐age children.Premonitory urges(PUs)are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings.Recent eviden...Importance Tics usually start around 4–6 years old and affect about 1%of school‐age children.Premonitory urges(PUs)are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings.Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity,but reports are conflicting.In addition,there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders(age 5–16 years).The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)was used to assess tic symptoms,and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS)was used to assess PUs.We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores,and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity(PUTS scores)and motor tic severity,total tic severity,tic‐caused impairment(YGTSS scores)(P<0.05).PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity(standardized beta coefficient=0.174,t=2.786,P=0.006).Interpretation We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms.PU severity predicts tic symptom severity.Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics,and their role in tic expression.A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.展开更多
<正> To process the data with strong historical features, such as data in earthquake research,weather forecast, medical records and census, a new mathematical model of historical datasystem is proposed. This mod...<正> To process the data with strong historical features, such as data in earthquake research,weather forecast, medical records and census, a new mathematical model of historical datasystem is proposed. This model can be characterized as ' relational database with timemark + histotical rule base = historical database', and it is easy to implement. The formaldescription of historical database and a special class of historical rules-premonitory de-pendency (abbreviated as PD)-are discussed, the poperties and inference axioms of PDare investigated. The soundness and completeness of the axioms are proved. The problemsabout the true-set of historical rules, such as the problems of emptyness, infiniteness,equivalence and containment are proved to be undecidable.展开更多
Rock bursts signify extreme behavior in coal mine strata and severely threaten the safety of the lives of miners, as well as the effectiveness and productivity of miners. In our study, an elastic-plastic-brittle model...Rock bursts signify extreme behavior in coal mine strata and severely threaten the safety of the lives of miners, as well as the effectiveness and productivity of miners. In our study, an elastic-plastic-brittle model for the deformation and failure of coal/rock was established through theoretical analyses, laboratory experiments and field testing, simulation and other means, which perfectly predict sudden and delayed rock bursts. Based on electromagnetic emission (EME), acoustic emission (AE) and microseism (MS) effects in the process from deformation until impact rupture of coal-rock combination samples, a multi-parameter identification of premonitory technology was formed, largely depending on these three forms of emission. Thus a system of classification for forecasting rock bursts in space and time was established. We have presented the intensity weakening theory for rock bursts and a strong-soft-strong (3S) structural model for controlling the impact on rock surrounding roadways, with the objective of laying a theoretical foundation and establishing references for parameters for the weakening control of rock bursts. For the purpose of prevention, key technical parameters of directional hydraulic fracturing are revealed. Based on these results, as well as those from deep-hole controlled blasting in coal seams and rock, integrated control techniques were established and anti-impact hydraulic props, suitable for roadways subject to hazards from rockbursts have also been developed. These technologies have been widely used in most coal mines in China, subject to these hazards and have achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity di...BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.展开更多
On the bases of the studies of acoustic behavior and pattern recognition of budgerigar calls, the quantitative study on characteristic parameters of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars is further given in this pap...On the bases of the studies of acoustic behavior and pattern recognition of budgerigar calls, the quantitative study on characteristic parameters of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars is further given in this paper. These results open up a new knowledge for comprehensive analyses of abnormalities of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars prior to earthquakes. Under indoor lighting, the song calls in budgerigars are possessed of the beginning and ending singing time with the natural characteristics, and of the rhythmic habit of daylight singings and night rests. In daily daylight and night calls, single calls, van-toned calls, mono-syllabic and multi-syllabic protest calls are respectively possessed of the occupation habit corresponding to behavior activities, and have close acrophases and regular following properties corresponding to half-value phases, and the acrophases delay halfvalue phases by about half an hour on an average. After reversing lighting, the acrophases of budgerigar calls delay those of the normal lighting by about 12 hours on an average, and the following properties corresponding to half-value phases are irregular.展开更多
Removal of the electrical shielding from a type of Fourier transform seismometer overlays seismic information with Extremely Low Frequency-range (ELF) electromagnetic signals between about 0.3 Hz and 36 Hz (the ITU-de...Removal of the electrical shielding from a type of Fourier transform seismometer overlays seismic information with Extremely Low Frequency-range (ELF) electromagnetic signals between about 0.3 Hz and 36 Hz (the ITU-designated range of ELF is 3 to 30 Hz). The observed signals originate in the electric power grid, shown clearly by the fact that they are sum and difference heterodyne products with the power grid’s higher harmonics of 60 Hz, typically the 36th and 37th, because the seismometer’s chosen frequency modulation (FM) carrier frequency is roughly 2200 Hz. It is especially interesting that on 2017-03-19, prior to 14:25:12 UTC, the instrument recorded an 11 minute sequence of 20.3 Hz ELF outbursts that culminated intimately with a 3.2 magnitude earthquake located a few miles west of Bardwell KY. These ~20.3 Hz ELF signals, very near the third Schumann resonance frequency, have been recorded numerous times. They are distinctive and fairly strong, ranging 15 to 30 db or more above the noise floor, but definitely not an every-day event;months can pass without them. So far most of these ELF signals do not have an intimately associated earthquake, with the event of 2017-03-19 being one of only two exceptions recorded thus far. That quake’s location was more than one hundred miles from the instrument, in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). The second case, a quake in Kansas, was about three times farther from the instrument, and its ELF signals were correspondingly weaker. Those other, unassociated electromagnetic events might come from quakes too weak to detect, but it should be noted that stronger, easily detected quakes also rarely exhibit any ELF/seismic “connectivity”. This paper describes an instrument that overlays ELF, electric field and seismic signals. The instrument’s two-dimensional (2D) output has a time axis (horizontal) resolution of ~3 seconds and an ELF frequency (vertical) resolution of ~0.3 Hz.展开更多
Tic disorders(TD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics.Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of ser...Tic disorders(TD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics.Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects,and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy.This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD:habit reversal training(HRT).We examined the contents,variation,curative effects,and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies.The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed.First,studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients.Second,the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important.Third,imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT.Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient.We call on more Chinese researchers to study,investigate,and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported experiences of PUs. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we present two cases of young patients with PUs located in their tongue, which is very rare and easily misdiagnosed in clinical work. Both two young patients complained of an itchy tongue and cannot help biting their tongue. These two cases were worth reporting because it was rare that PUs was the initial symptom and located in the tongue. The results indicated that PUs seem to play an important role in the generation of tics. CONCLUSION Thus, PUs may be the first process, and an essential part, of the formation of tics.
基金jointly supported by the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(2007BAC29B03)the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40675031)
文摘A premonitory sign of an anomalous SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific shows up in the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) 18 months earlier,and the air-sea relationship between the STMW and the anomalous SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific is shown.This premonitory connection involves an air-sea coupling between the longtime persistent mid-latitude sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) induced by the remote re-emergence of the STMW and the following spring subtropical atmospheric circulation anomalies.An examination of the air-sea interaction reveals that the following spring subtropical atmospheric circulation,which responds to the longtime persistent SSTA,is dominated by the anomalous negative (positive) geopotential height downstream of the negative (positive) SSTA in the strong (weak) STMW case.Thus,the tropics adjust to these anomalies through coupled dynamics,producing positive (negative) SST anomalies over the eastern equatorial Pacific.A cold water event that occurred over the eastern equatorial Pacific during winter 2008-09 was successfully forecasted by the weak summer STMW index in 2007.The evolution of this process for the air-sea interactions from the autumn of 2007 to December 2008 is presented.
文摘Importance Tics usually start around 4–6 years old and affect about 1%of school‐age children.Premonitory urges(PUs)are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings.Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity,but reports are conflicting.In addition,there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders(age 5–16 years).The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)was used to assess tic symptoms,and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS)was used to assess PUs.We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores,and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity(PUTS scores)and motor tic severity,total tic severity,tic‐caused impairment(YGTSS scores)(P<0.05).PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity(standardized beta coefficient=0.174,t=2.786,P=0.006).Interpretation We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms.PU severity predicts tic symptom severity.Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics,and their role in tic expression.A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘<正> To process the data with strong historical features, such as data in earthquake research,weather forecast, medical records and census, a new mathematical model of historical datasystem is proposed. This model can be characterized as ' relational database with timemark + histotical rule base = historical database', and it is easy to implement. The formaldescription of historical database and a special class of historical rules-premonitory de-pendency (abbreviated as PD)-are discussed, the poperties and inference axioms of PDare investigated. The soundness and completeness of the axioms are proved. The problemsabout the true-set of historical rules, such as the problems of emptyness, infiniteness,equivalence and containment are proved to be undecidable.
基金Project 2010CB226805 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaprovided by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB226805)+1 种基金the National Eleventh Five-Year Key Science & Technology Project (2006BAK04B02, 2006BAK04B06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50474068), are gratefully acknowledged
文摘Rock bursts signify extreme behavior in coal mine strata and severely threaten the safety of the lives of miners, as well as the effectiveness and productivity of miners. In our study, an elastic-plastic-brittle model for the deformation and failure of coal/rock was established through theoretical analyses, laboratory experiments and field testing, simulation and other means, which perfectly predict sudden and delayed rock bursts. Based on electromagnetic emission (EME), acoustic emission (AE) and microseism (MS) effects in the process from deformation until impact rupture of coal-rock combination samples, a multi-parameter identification of premonitory technology was formed, largely depending on these three forms of emission. Thus a system of classification for forecasting rock bursts in space and time was established. We have presented the intensity weakening theory for rock bursts and a strong-soft-strong (3S) structural model for controlling the impact on rock surrounding roadways, with the objective of laying a theoretical foundation and establishing references for parameters for the weakening control of rock bursts. For the purpose of prevention, key technical parameters of directional hydraulic fracturing are revealed. Based on these results, as well as those from deep-hole controlled blasting in coal seams and rock, integrated control techniques were established and anti-impact hydraulic props, suitable for roadways subject to hazards from rockbursts have also been developed. These technologies have been widely used in most coal mines in China, subject to these hazards and have achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.82171538the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7212035.
文摘BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.
文摘On the bases of the studies of acoustic behavior and pattern recognition of budgerigar calls, the quantitative study on characteristic parameters of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars is further given in this paper. These results open up a new knowledge for comprehensive analyses of abnormalities of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars prior to earthquakes. Under indoor lighting, the song calls in budgerigars are possessed of the beginning and ending singing time with the natural characteristics, and of the rhythmic habit of daylight singings and night rests. In daily daylight and night calls, single calls, van-toned calls, mono-syllabic and multi-syllabic protest calls are respectively possessed of the occupation habit corresponding to behavior activities, and have close acrophases and regular following properties corresponding to half-value phases, and the acrophases delay halfvalue phases by about half an hour on an average. After reversing lighting, the acrophases of budgerigar calls delay those of the normal lighting by about 12 hours on an average, and the following properties corresponding to half-value phases are irregular.
文摘Removal of the electrical shielding from a type of Fourier transform seismometer overlays seismic information with Extremely Low Frequency-range (ELF) electromagnetic signals between about 0.3 Hz and 36 Hz (the ITU-designated range of ELF is 3 to 30 Hz). The observed signals originate in the electric power grid, shown clearly by the fact that they are sum and difference heterodyne products with the power grid’s higher harmonics of 60 Hz, typically the 36th and 37th, because the seismometer’s chosen frequency modulation (FM) carrier frequency is roughly 2200 Hz. It is especially interesting that on 2017-03-19, prior to 14:25:12 UTC, the instrument recorded an 11 minute sequence of 20.3 Hz ELF outbursts that culminated intimately with a 3.2 magnitude earthquake located a few miles west of Bardwell KY. These ~20.3 Hz ELF signals, very near the third Schumann resonance frequency, have been recorded numerous times. They are distinctive and fairly strong, ranging 15 to 30 db or more above the noise floor, but definitely not an every-day event;months can pass without them. So far most of these ELF signals do not have an intimately associated earthquake, with the event of 2017-03-19 being one of only two exceptions recorded thus far. That quake’s location was more than one hundred miles from the instrument, in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). The second case, a quake in Kansas, was about three times farther from the instrument, and its ELF signals were correspondingly weaker. Those other, unassociated electromagnetic events might come from quakes too weak to detect, but it should be noted that stronger, easily detected quakes also rarely exhibit any ELF/seismic “connectivity”. This paper describes an instrument that overlays ELF, electric field and seismic signals. The instrument’s two-dimensional (2D) output has a time axis (horizontal) resolution of ~3 seconds and an ELF frequency (vertical) resolution of ~0.3 Hz.
文摘Tic disorders(TD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics.Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects,and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy.This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD:habit reversal training(HRT).We examined the contents,variation,curative effects,and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies.The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed.First,studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients.Second,the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important.Third,imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT.Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient.We call on more Chinese researchers to study,investigate,and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.
