BACKGROUND Histological changes after direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)therapy in hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients has not been elucidated.Whether the predominantly progressive,indeterminate and predominately regressive(P-...BACKGROUND Histological changes after direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)therapy in hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients has not been elucidated.Whether the predominantly progressive,indeterminate and predominately regressive(P-I-R)score,evaluating fibrosis activity in hepatitis B virus patients has predictive value in HCV patients has not been investigated.AIM To identify histological changes after DAAs therapy and to evaluate the predictive value of the P-I-R score in HCV patients.METHODS Chronic HCV patients with paired liver biopsy specimens before and after DAAs treatment were included.Sustained virologic response(SVR)was defined as an undetectable serum HCV RNA level at 24 wk after treatment cessation.The Ishak system and P-I-R score were assessed.Inflammation improvement and fibrosis regression were defined as a≥2-points decrease in the histology activity index(HAI)score and a≥1-point decrease in the Ishak fibrosis score,respectively.Fibrosis progression was defined as a≥1-point increase in the Ishak fibrosis score.Histologic improvement was defined as a≥2-points decrease in the HAI score without worsening of the Ishak fibrosis score after DAAs therapy.The P-I-R score was also assessed.“absolutely reversing or advancing”was defined as the same directionality implied by both change in the Ishak score and posttreatment P-I-R score;and“probably reversing or advancing”was defined as only one parameter showing directionality.RESULTS Thirty-eight chronic HCV patients with paired liver biopsy specimens before and after DAAs treatment were included.The mean age of these patients was 40.9±14.6 years and there were 53%(20/38)males.Thirty-four percent(13/38)of patients were cirrhotic.Eighty-two percent(31/38)of patients achieved inflammation improvement.The median HAI score decreased significantly after SVR(pretreatment 7.0 vs posttreatment 2.0,Z=-5.146,P=0.000).Thirty-seven percent(14/38)of patients achieved fibrosis improvement.The median Ishak score decreased significantly after SVR(pretreatment 4.0 vs posttreatment 3.0,Z=-2.354,P=0.019).Eighty-two percent(31/38)of patients showed histological improvement.The P-I-R score was evaluated in 61%(23/38)of patients.The progressive group showed lower platelet(P=0.024)and higher HAI scores(P=0.070)before treatment.In patients with stable Ishak stage after treatment:Progressive injury was seen in 22%(4/18)of patients,33%(6/18)were classified as indeterminate and regressive changes were seen in 44%(8/18)of patients who were judged as probably reversing by the Ishak and P-I-R systems.CONCLUSION Significant improvement of necroinflammation and partial remission of fibrosis in HCV patients occurred shortly after DAAs therapy.The P-I-R score has potential in predicting fibrosis in HCV patients.展开更多
Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subt...Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subtypes,yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive.In this study,we utilized single knockout(KO)mouse models and successfully generated double KO(dKO)models despite challenges with low yield.Bgn deficiency,but not Dcn deficiency,decreased trabecular bone mass,with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups,especially in Bgn KO and dKO mice.Moreover,both Bgn KO and dKO mice exhibited reduced fracture toughness compared to Dcn KO mice.Dcn was significantly upregulated in Bgn KO mice,while a modest upregulation of Bgn was observed in Dcn KO mice,indicating Bgn’s predominant role in bone.High resolution atomic force microscopy showed decreased in situ permanent energy dissipation and increased elastic modulus in the extrafibrillar matrix of Bgn/Dcn deficient mice,which were diminished upon dehydration.Furthermore,we found that both Bgn and Dcn are indispensable for the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Collectively,our results highlight the distinct and indispensable roles of Bgn and Dcn in maintaining bone structure,water retention,and bulk/in situ tissue properties in the bone matrix,with Bgn exerting a predominant influence.展开更多
Dear Editor,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus called SFTS virus(SFTSV).It was initially identified in China in 2009(Yu et al.,20...Dear Editor,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus called SFTS virus(SFTSV).It was initially identified in China in 2009(Yu et al.,2011).Since then,the number of reported SFTS cases has rapidly increased in China,South Korea,and Japan(Li,et al.,2018;Takahashi et al.,2014;Kim et al.,2018).Sporadic SFTS cases have also been identified in several other Asian countries,such as Vietnam,Pakistan,Myanmar,and Thailand(Takahashi et al.,2014;Tran et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021).This disease is recognized as a highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate ranging from 12%to 50%(Yu et al.,2011;Li et al.,2018;Takahashi et al.,2014;Kim et al.,2013).SFTS primarily spreads to humans through bites from ticks infected with SFTSV,with the Haemaphysalis longicornis tick acting as the predominant vector for SFTSV(Zhuang et al.,2018).展开更多
The neuromodulatory peptide somatostatin(somatotropin release inhibiting factor,SRIF)-14 acts at multiple levels through five SRIF receptor subtypes(sst1 to sst5).SRIF-28 is also derived from a common propeptide trans...The neuromodulatory peptide somatostatin(somatotropin release inhibiting factor,SRIF)-14 acts at multiple levels through five SRIF receptor subtypes(sst1 to sst5).SRIF-28 is also derived from a common propeptide translated from a single SRIF gene,although SRIF-14 is the predominant form in the mammalian nervous system.Due to its short half-life,synthetic SRIF analogs have been developed over the years and are available for therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Introduction:Astrocytes,the predominant glial cell in the brain,play a vital role in a plethora of central nervous system functions.They are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous system.They produc...Introduction:Astrocytes,the predominant glial cell in the brain,play a vital role in a plethora of central nervous system functions.They are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous system.They produce L-lactate by glycogenolysis and glycolysis which is then transported to neurons(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Multiple evidence using diverse behavioral paradigms,such as fear conditioning,conditioned place avoidance,rat gambling task(RGT),and flavor-place paired associate(PA)learning suggest that L-lactate has a beneficial effect on various aspects of cognition(Wang et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023b).While the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of L-lactate are still emerging,it is well-established that astrocytic L-lactate can be used as an energy substrate by neurons and can induce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity-driven gene expression during cognition(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Additionally,recent evidence has revealed more roles of L-lactate which include myelination,neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis,and antioxidant defense(Sanchez-Abarca et al.,2001;Ichihara et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023a,b).Myelin in the central nervous system is a specialized lipid-rich membrane formed by oligodendrocytes.展开更多
Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL)is a common,malignant hematological tumor of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system,accounting for 10%of all lymphomas.HL comprises 2 main subtypes:classical HL(cHL)and nodular lymphocyte predo...Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL)is a common,malignant hematological tumor of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system,accounting for 10%of all lymphomas.HL comprises 2 main subtypes:classical HL(cHL)and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL.展开更多
Due to increasing life expectancy,the amount of people with dementia worldwide is expected to experience a substantial rise,with estimates indicating a growth from 55 million in 2019 to a staggering 139 million by the...Due to increasing life expectancy,the amount of people with dementia worldwide is expected to experience a substantial rise,with estimates indicating a growth from 55 million in 2019 to a staggering 139 million by the year 2050.Among the various forms of dementia.Alzheimer's disease(AD)stands out as the predominant and most prevalent.展开更多
The single-station microtremor method is one of the fastest,most reliable,and cheapest methods used to identify dynamic soil properties.This study utilizes 49 single-station microtremor measurements to identify the dy...The single-station microtremor method is one of the fastest,most reliable,and cheapest methods used to identify dynamic soil properties.This study utilizes 49 single-station microtremor measurements to identify the dynamic soil properties of the Hilalkent quarter of the Yakutiye district in Erzurum.Soil dominant frequency and the amplification factor were calculated by using the Nakamura horizontal/vertical spectral ratio(H/V)method.While the soil dominant frequency values varied between 0.4 Hz and 10 Hz,the soil amplification factor changed between 1 and 10.Higher H/V values were acquired with lower frequency values.The vulnerability index(K_(g))and shear strain parameters that are utilized to estimate the damage that may be caused by an earthquake were mapped.Especially in the west side of the study area,higher K_(g) values were observed.The shear strain map was created with 0.25 g,0.50 g and 0.75 g bedrock accelerations,and soil types that lost elasticity during an earthquake were identified.The average shear wave velocity for the first 30 m(V_(s30))was calculated.Finally,it was observed that the western part of the study area,which resulted in a higher period and higher H/V,higher K_(g) and lower V_(s30) values,presents a higher risk of damage during an earthquake.展开更多
The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for ...The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn（NH3）24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn（OH）2,Zn（OH）1.6Cl0.4 and Zn（NH3）2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.展开更多
The mathematical topological rule was proposed to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the phase rules,the components of In-S-O system were analyzed and the coexisting points of three condensed phases were dete...The mathematical topological rule was proposed to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the phase rules,the components of In-S-O system were analyzed and the coexisting points of three condensed phases were determined.Combined with the topological rules and thermody namic calculation,four relation diagrams between the coexisting points of three condensed phases,which were denoted as α,β stable plane-topological diagram and unstable plane-topological diagram,were plotted for the In-S-O system.The results show that α stable plane topological diagram is in accordance with the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system plotted by traditional methods,which indicates that the new method is feasible to plot the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system.Meanwhile,β unstable plane-topological diagram can be used to elucidate the indium production with the bath smelting process.展开更多
For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the lit...For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the literatures. It is seen from this figure that flue-gas desulfurization by manganese oxides is feasible from the thermodynamic point of view. Additionally, the most appropriate temperature range for flue-gas desulfurization is between 600 and 800 K, and the reaction is strongly exothermic to maintain the heat balance. The natural manganese ores encompass large tunnels that exhibit large surface areas and highly chemical activity, which can provide a high enough SO2 removing efficiency. From the superposition of the diagrams of Mn-S-O and Fe-S-O systems, it is found that there is a coexistent stability region of MnSO4 and Fe2O3, which provides the possibility of desulfurization by selective sulfation without ferric sulfate forming. A multi-stage desulfurization system has been discussed briefly.展开更多
The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System （NSMONS） are used to evaluate the site effects in the...The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System （NSMONS） are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique （GIT） and the Standard Spectral Ratio method （SSR）. For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency F and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0-5.0 Hz, 5.0-10.0 Hz and 1.0-10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio （HVSR） method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the V20 （the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity） shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance DAspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold ofPGA 〉 300 cm/s^2 or PGV 〉 20 cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks.展开更多
Pneumoconiosis,the predominant occupational disease in China and the world,is a pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of inorganic dust,that is,particulate matter in the solid phase without living organisms[1].As...Pneumoconiosis,the predominant occupational disease in China and the world,is a pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of inorganic dust,that is,particulate matter in the solid phase without living organisms[1].As an irreversible,crippling,and even fatal disease,pneumoconiosis places a heavy burden on society.展开更多
Past researchers have anticipated the occurrence of a great earthquake in the central Himalayas in the near future.This may cause serious damage in the Kathmandu Valley,which sits on an ancient lake bed zone,with lacu...Past researchers have anticipated the occurrence of a great earthquake in the central Himalayas in the near future.This may cause serious damage in the Kathmandu Valley,which sits on an ancient lake bed zone,with lacustrine sediments of more than 500 m depth.In this study,the predominant frequency of ground motion is evaluated using the Horizontal-to-Vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique and recordings of ambient noise.The results of the H/V ratio show two peaks in about 20 percent of the locations,which are distributed mainly in and around the center and northern part of the Kathmandu Valley.The predominant frequencies vary from 0.5 Hz to 8.9 Hz in the study area,whereas the second resonance fiequency varies from 4 Hz to 6 Hz in the center and northern part of the valley.This indicates that the center and northern part of the valley have a wide range of resonance frequency due to two levels of impedance contrast- one may be from the surface layer and the other may be from the layer undemeath.These two levels of resonance indicate the importance of considering the effects of surface and lower layers during the planning and designing of infrastructures in the Kathmandu Valley.展开更多
To develop uniform and seismic environment-dependent design spectrum,common acceleration response spectral characteristics need to be identified.In this paper,a bi-normalized response spectrum (BNRS) is proposed,which...To develop uniform and seismic environment-dependent design spectrum,common acceleration response spectral characteristics need to be identified.In this paper,a bi-normalized response spectrum (BNRS) is proposed,which is defined as a spectrum of peak response acceleration normalized with respect to peak acceleration of the excitation plotted vs.the natural period of the system normalized with respect to the spectrum predominant period,Tp.Based on a statistical analysis of records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake,the conventionally normalized response spectrum(NRS) and the BNRS are examined to account for the effects of soil conditions,epicentral distance,hanging wall and damping.It is found that compared to the NRS the BNRS is much less dependent on these factors.Finally,some simple relationships between the BNRS for a specified damping ratio and that for a damping ratio of 5%,and between the spectra predominant period and epicentral distance for different soil types are provided.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of ground soil using micro-tremor observation in Asia (Zushi and Ogasawara (Japan), Xi’an (China), Manila (Philippines), and Gujarat (India)) are studied. Ground micro-tremor signals were ...The dynamic characteristics of ground soil using micro-tremor observation in Asia (Zushi and Ogasawara (Japan), Xi’an (China), Manila (Philippines), and Gujarat (India)) are studied. Ground micro-tremor signals were observed and analyzed by fast Fourier transform method (FFT). The response of ground soil to frequency of ground micro-tremor is revealed, and func- tions with frequency-dependence and frequency-selection of micro-tremor for different foundation soil strata are also researched. The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (H/V, Nakamura technique) of micro-tremor observed at the surface ground was used to evaluate the site’s predominant period. This paper also discusses the application of micro-tremor on site safety evaluation, and gives the observed calculation results obtained at multiple points. The experimental foundation and the deduction process of the method are described in detail. Some problems of the method are pointed out. Potential use of the technique’s good expandable nature makes it a useable means for preventing and reducing disaster’s harmful effects.展开更多
It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties of the soil stratum,such as predominant frequency and damping ratio.A widely used method fo...It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties of the soil stratum,such as predominant frequency and damping ratio.A widely used method for estimating the predominant frequency of a soil site by using microtremor records,proposed by Nakamura,is investigated to determine its effectiveness in estimating the damping ratio.The authors conducted some microtremor measurements of soil sites in Hong Kong and found that Nakamura's method might also be used to estimate the damping ratio of a soil site.Damping ratio data from several typical soil sites were obtained from both Nakamura's ratio curves using the half power point method and resonant column tests.Regression analysis indicates that there is a strong correlation between the damping ratios derived from these two different approaches.展开更多
Reconnaissance reports and pertinent research on seismic hazards show that liquefaction is one of the key sources of damage to geotechnical and structural engineering systems. Therefore, identifying site liquefaction ...Reconnaissance reports and pertinent research on seismic hazards show that liquefaction is one of the key sources of damage to geotechnical and structural engineering systems. Therefore, identifying site liquefaction conditions plays an important role in seismic hazard mitigation. One of the widely used approaches for detecting liquefaction is based on the time-frequency analysis of ground motion recordings, in which short-time Fourier transform is typically used. It is known that recordings at a site with liquefaction are the result of nonlinear responses of seismic waves propagating in the liquefied layers underneath the site. Moreover, Fourier transform is not effective in characterizing such dynamic features as time-dependent frequency of the recordings rooted in nonlinear responses. Therefore, the aforementioned approach may not be intrinsically effective in detecting liquefaction. An alternative to the Fourier-based approach is presented in this study, which proposes time-frequency analysis of earthquake ground motion recordings with the aid of the Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT）, and offers justification for the HHT in addressing the liquefaction features shown in the recordings. The paper then defines the predominant instantaneous frequency （PIF） and introduces the PiF-related motion features to identify liquefaction conditions at a given site. Analysis of 29 recorded data sets at different site conditions shows that the proposed approach is effective in detecting site liquefaction in comparison with other methods.展开更多
To determine the shear wave velocity structure and predominant period features of Tmaztepe in izmir, Turkey, where new building sites have been planned, active-passive surface wave methods and single-station microtrem...To determine the shear wave velocity structure and predominant period features of Tmaztepe in izmir, Turkey, where new building sites have been planned, active-passive surface wave methods and single-station microtremor measurements are used, as well as surface acquisition techniques, including the multichannel analysis of surface waves （MASW）, refraction microtremor （ReMi）, and the spatial autocorrelation method （SPAC）, to pinpoint shallow and deep shear wave velocity. For engineering bedrock （V 〉 760 m/s） conditions at a depth of 30 m, an average seismic shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of soil （AVs30） is not only accepted as an important parameter for defining ground behavior during earthquakes, but a primary parameter in the geotechnical analysis for areas to be classified by V30 according to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program （NEHRP）. It is also determined that Z1.0, which represents a depth to V = 1000 m/s, is used for ground motion prediction and changed from 0 to 54 m. The sediment-engineering bedrock structure for Tmaztepe that was obtained shows engineering bedrock no deeper than 30 m. When compared, the depth of engineering bedrock and dominant period map and geology are generally compatible.展开更多
This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the F...This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the Fourier amplitude spectrum,response spectrum,and Arias intensity.The results show the following.(1)The predominant frequency of an earth fissure site is mainly affected by the thickness and the shear wave velocity of the soil layer and is minimally effected by the presence of an earth fissure.(2)Earth fissures have a pronounced amplification effect on dynamic response.Fourier amplitude,response acceleration,and Arias intensity are high near an earth fissure and decrease with an increase in distance from the earth fissure,tending toward stability at a distance of 20 m.(3)The area that is seriously affected by this amplification is within 6-8 m of an earth fissure,and the general affected area is farther out than this,to a distance of 25 m.(4)New construction should be avoided in an area affected by the amplification,and existing buildings in general and seriously affected areas need to be reinforced to increase their seismic fortification intensity.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870406the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7182174and the China National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Diseases Control during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period,No.2017ZX10202202.
文摘BACKGROUND Histological changes after direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)therapy in hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients has not been elucidated.Whether the predominantly progressive,indeterminate and predominately regressive(P-I-R)score,evaluating fibrosis activity in hepatitis B virus patients has predictive value in HCV patients has not been investigated.AIM To identify histological changes after DAAs therapy and to evaluate the predictive value of the P-I-R score in HCV patients.METHODS Chronic HCV patients with paired liver biopsy specimens before and after DAAs treatment were included.Sustained virologic response(SVR)was defined as an undetectable serum HCV RNA level at 24 wk after treatment cessation.The Ishak system and P-I-R score were assessed.Inflammation improvement and fibrosis regression were defined as a≥2-points decrease in the histology activity index(HAI)score and a≥1-point decrease in the Ishak fibrosis score,respectively.Fibrosis progression was defined as a≥1-point increase in the Ishak fibrosis score.Histologic improvement was defined as a≥2-points decrease in the HAI score without worsening of the Ishak fibrosis score after DAAs therapy.The P-I-R score was also assessed.“absolutely reversing or advancing”was defined as the same directionality implied by both change in the Ishak score and posttreatment P-I-R score;and“probably reversing or advancing”was defined as only one parameter showing directionality.RESULTS Thirty-eight chronic HCV patients with paired liver biopsy specimens before and after DAAs treatment were included.The mean age of these patients was 40.9±14.6 years and there were 53%(20/38)males.Thirty-four percent(13/38)of patients were cirrhotic.Eighty-two percent(31/38)of patients achieved inflammation improvement.The median HAI score decreased significantly after SVR(pretreatment 7.0 vs posttreatment 2.0,Z=-5.146,P=0.000).Thirty-seven percent(14/38)of patients achieved fibrosis improvement.The median Ishak score decreased significantly after SVR(pretreatment 4.0 vs posttreatment 3.0,Z=-2.354,P=0.019).Eighty-two percent(31/38)of patients showed histological improvement.The P-I-R score was evaluated in 61%(23/38)of patients.The progressive group showed lower platelet(P=0.024)and higher HAI scores(P=0.070)before treatment.In patients with stable Ishak stage after treatment:Progressive injury was seen in 22%(4/18)of patients,33%(6/18)were classified as indeterminate and regressive changes were seen in 44%(8/18)of patients who were judged as probably reversing by the Ishak and P-I-R systems.CONCLUSION Significant improvement of necroinflammation and partial remission of fibrosis in HCV patients occurred shortly after DAAs therapy.The P-I-R score has potential in predicting fibrosis in HCV patients.
基金National Institutes of Health(NIH)Grants:RO1 AR076190(to X.W and J.X.J)Welch Foundation grant:AQ-1507(to J.X.J.)。
文摘Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subtypes,yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive.In this study,we utilized single knockout(KO)mouse models and successfully generated double KO(dKO)models despite challenges with low yield.Bgn deficiency,but not Dcn deficiency,decreased trabecular bone mass,with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups,especially in Bgn KO and dKO mice.Moreover,both Bgn KO and dKO mice exhibited reduced fracture toughness compared to Dcn KO mice.Dcn was significantly upregulated in Bgn KO mice,while a modest upregulation of Bgn was observed in Dcn KO mice,indicating Bgn’s predominant role in bone.High resolution atomic force microscopy showed decreased in situ permanent energy dissipation and increased elastic modulus in the extrafibrillar matrix of Bgn/Dcn deficient mice,which were diminished upon dehydration.Furthermore,we found that both Bgn and Dcn are indispensable for the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Collectively,our results highlight the distinct and indispensable roles of Bgn and Dcn in maintaining bone structure,water retention,and bulk/in situ tissue properties in the bone matrix,with Bgn exerting a predominant influence.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81,825,019 and 82,330,103)performed with approval from the Ethical Committee of Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology(AF/SC-08/02.128).
文摘Dear Editor,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus called SFTS virus(SFTSV).It was initially identified in China in 2009(Yu et al.,2011).Since then,the number of reported SFTS cases has rapidly increased in China,South Korea,and Japan(Li,et al.,2018;Takahashi et al.,2014;Kim et al.,2018).Sporadic SFTS cases have also been identified in several other Asian countries,such as Vietnam,Pakistan,Myanmar,and Thailand(Takahashi et al.,2014;Tran et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021).This disease is recognized as a highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate ranging from 12%to 50%(Yu et al.,2011;Li et al.,2018;Takahashi et al.,2014;Kim et al.,2013).SFTS primarily spreads to humans through bites from ticks infected with SFTSV,with the Haemaphysalis longicornis tick acting as the predominant vector for SFTSV(Zhuang et al.,2018).
文摘The neuromodulatory peptide somatostatin(somatotropin release inhibiting factor,SRIF)-14 acts at multiple levels through five SRIF receptor subtypes(sst1 to sst5).SRIF-28 is also derived from a common propeptide translated from a single SRIF gene,although SRIF-14 is the predominant form in the mammalian nervous system.Due to its short half-life,synthetic SRIF analogs have been developed over the years and are available for therapeutic approaches.
基金funded by the General Research Fund(GRF)of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,China(11103721,11102820,and 11100018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and RGC Joint Research Scheme(3171101014,N_CityU114/17)+3 种基金the Innovation and Technology Fund Hong Kong,China(CityU 9445909)(all to YL)supported by a grant from City University of Hong Kong Neuroscience Research Infrastructure(9610211)a grant from Center for BiosystemsNeuroscience,and Nanotechnology(9360148)(both to YL)。
文摘Introduction:Astrocytes,the predominant glial cell in the brain,play a vital role in a plethora of central nervous system functions.They are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous system.They produce L-lactate by glycogenolysis and glycolysis which is then transported to neurons(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Multiple evidence using diverse behavioral paradigms,such as fear conditioning,conditioned place avoidance,rat gambling task(RGT),and flavor-place paired associate(PA)learning suggest that L-lactate has a beneficial effect on various aspects of cognition(Wang et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023b).While the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of L-lactate are still emerging,it is well-established that astrocytic L-lactate can be used as an energy substrate by neurons and can induce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity-driven gene expression during cognition(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Additionally,recent evidence has revealed more roles of L-lactate which include myelination,neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis,and antioxidant defense(Sanchez-Abarca et al.,2001;Ichihara et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023a,b).Myelin in the central nervous system is a specialized lipid-rich membrane formed by oligodendrocytes.
文摘Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL)is a common,malignant hematological tumor of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system,accounting for 10%of all lymphomas.HL comprises 2 main subtypes:classical HL(cHL)and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL.
基金supported by grants PID2020-115823-GB100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033SBPLY/21/180501/000150 funded by JCCM/ERDF-A way of making Europe+1 种基金2022-GRIN-34354 grant by UCLM/ERDF intramural funding to LJD and JDNLMargarita Salas Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2021-MS-20549)funded by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR。
文摘Due to increasing life expectancy,the amount of people with dementia worldwide is expected to experience a substantial rise,with estimates indicating a growth from 55 million in 2019 to a staggering 139 million by the year 2050.Among the various forms of dementia.Alzheimer's disease(AD)stands out as the predominant and most prevalent.
文摘The single-station microtremor method is one of the fastest,most reliable,and cheapest methods used to identify dynamic soil properties.This study utilizes 49 single-station microtremor measurements to identify the dynamic soil properties of the Hilalkent quarter of the Yakutiye district in Erzurum.Soil dominant frequency and the amplification factor were calculated by using the Nakamura horizontal/vertical spectral ratio(H/V)method.While the soil dominant frequency values varied between 0.4 Hz and 10 Hz,the soil amplification factor changed between 1 and 10.Higher H/V values were acquired with lower frequency values.The vulnerability index(K_(g))and shear strain parameters that are utilized to estimate the damage that may be caused by an earthquake were mapped.Especially in the west side of the study area,higher K_(g) values were observed.The shear strain map was created with 0.25 g,0.50 g and 0.75 g bedrock accelerations,and soil types that lost elasticity during an earthquake were identified.The average shear wave velocity for the first 30 m(V_(s30))was calculated.Finally,it was observed that the western part of the study area,which resulted in a higher period and higher H/V,higher K_(g) and lower V_(s30) values,presents a higher risk of damage during an earthquake.
基金Project(74142000023) supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(2012M521547) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(721500452) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn（NH3）24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn（OH）2,Zn（OH）1.6Cl0.4 and Zn（NH3）2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.
基金Project(2011AA061003)supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The mathematical topological rule was proposed to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the phase rules,the components of In-S-O system were analyzed and the coexisting points of three condensed phases were determined.Combined with the topological rules and thermody namic calculation,four relation diagrams between the coexisting points of three condensed phases,which were denoted as α,β stable plane-topological diagram and unstable plane-topological diagram,were plotted for the In-S-O system.The results show that α stable plane topological diagram is in accordance with the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system plotted by traditional methods,which indicates that the new method is feasible to plot the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system.Meanwhile,β unstable plane-topological diagram can be used to elucidate the indium production with the bath smelting process.
基金Project(51344006)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the literatures. It is seen from this figure that flue-gas desulfurization by manganese oxides is feasible from the thermodynamic point of view. Additionally, the most appropriate temperature range for flue-gas desulfurization is between 600 and 800 K, and the reaction is strongly exothermic to maintain the heat balance. The natural manganese ores encompass large tunnels that exhibit large surface areas and highly chemical activity, which can provide a high enough SO2 removing efficiency. From the superposition of the diagrams of Mn-S-O and Fe-S-O systems, it is found that there is a coexistent stability region of MnSO4 and Fe2O3, which provides the possibility of desulfurization by selective sulfation without ferric sulfate forming. A multi-stage desulfurization system has been discussed briefly.
基金Nonprofit Industry Research Project of CEA under Grant No. 201208014National Natural Science Fund No. 51278473Environmental Protection Research Fund for Public Interest No. 201209040
文摘The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System （NSMONS） are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique （GIT） and the Standard Spectral Ratio method （SSR）. For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency F and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0-5.0 Hz, 5.0-10.0 Hz and 1.0-10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio （HVSR） method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the V20 （the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity） shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance DAspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold ofPGA 〉 300 cm/s^2 or PGV 〉 20 cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Molecular mechanism of 1-phosphosphingol and lysophosphatidic acid involved in silicosis[No:81641119]。
文摘Pneumoconiosis,the predominant occupational disease in China and the world,is a pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of inorganic dust,that is,particulate matter in the solid phase without living organisms[1].As an irreversible,crippling,and even fatal disease,pneumoconiosis places a heavy burden on society.
文摘Past researchers have anticipated the occurrence of a great earthquake in the central Himalayas in the near future.This may cause serious damage in the Kathmandu Valley,which sits on an ancient lake bed zone,with lacustrine sediments of more than 500 m depth.In this study,the predominant frequency of ground motion is evaluated using the Horizontal-to-Vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique and recordings of ambient noise.The results of the H/V ratio show two peaks in about 20 percent of the locations,which are distributed mainly in and around the center and northern part of the Kathmandu Valley.The predominant frequencies vary from 0.5 Hz to 8.9 Hz in the study area,whereas the second resonance fiequency varies from 4 Hz to 6 Hz in the center and northern part of the valley.This indicates that the center and northern part of the valley have a wide range of resonance frequency due to two levels of impedance contrast- one may be from the surface layer and the other may be from the layer undemeath.These two levels of resonance indicate the importance of considering the effects of surface and lower layers during the planning and designing of infrastructures in the Kathmandu Valley.
基金Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Under Project No.ZGJ03-03the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Through Project No.20030213042
文摘To develop uniform and seismic environment-dependent design spectrum,common acceleration response spectral characteristics need to be identified.In this paper,a bi-normalized response spectrum (BNRS) is proposed,which is defined as a spectrum of peak response acceleration normalized with respect to peak acceleration of the excitation plotted vs.the natural period of the system normalized with respect to the spectrum predominant period,Tp.Based on a statistical analysis of records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake,the conventionally normalized response spectrum(NRS) and the BNRS are examined to account for the effects of soil conditions,epicentral distance,hanging wall and damping.It is found that compared to the NRS the BNRS is much less dependent on these factors.Finally,some simple relationships between the BNRS for a specified damping ratio and that for a damping ratio of 5%,and between the spectra predominant period and epicentral distance for different soil types are provided.
文摘The dynamic characteristics of ground soil using micro-tremor observation in Asia (Zushi and Ogasawara (Japan), Xi’an (China), Manila (Philippines), and Gujarat (India)) are studied. Ground micro-tremor signals were observed and analyzed by fast Fourier transform method (FFT). The response of ground soil to frequency of ground micro-tremor is revealed, and func- tions with frequency-dependence and frequency-selection of micro-tremor for different foundation soil strata are also researched. The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (H/V, Nakamura technique) of micro-tremor observed at the surface ground was used to evaluate the site’s predominant period. This paper also discusses the application of micro-tremor on site safety evaluation, and gives the observed calculation results obtained at multiple points. The experimental foundation and the deduction process of the method are described in detail. Some problems of the method are pointed out. Potential use of the technique’s good expandable nature makes it a useable means for preventing and reducing disaster’s harmful effects.
基金Research project (PolyU 5076/97E),of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
文摘It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties of the soil stratum,such as predominant frequency and damping ratio.A widely used method for estimating the predominant frequency of a soil site by using microtremor records,proposed by Nakamura,is investigated to determine its effectiveness in estimating the damping ratio.The authors conducted some microtremor measurements of soil sites in Hong Kong and found that Nakamura's method might also be used to estimate the damping ratio of a soil site.Damping ratio data from several typical soil sites were obtained from both Nakamura's ratio curves using the half power point method and resonant column tests.Regression analysis indicates that there is a strong correlation between the damping ratios derived from these two different approaches.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant 50278090 the National Science Foundation of the USA with Grant Nos. 0085272 and 0414363 US-PRC Researcher Exchange Program administered by the MCEER
文摘Reconnaissance reports and pertinent research on seismic hazards show that liquefaction is one of the key sources of damage to geotechnical and structural engineering systems. Therefore, identifying site liquefaction conditions plays an important role in seismic hazard mitigation. One of the widely used approaches for detecting liquefaction is based on the time-frequency analysis of ground motion recordings, in which short-time Fourier transform is typically used. It is known that recordings at a site with liquefaction are the result of nonlinear responses of seismic waves propagating in the liquefied layers underneath the site. Moreover, Fourier transform is not effective in characterizing such dynamic features as time-dependent frequency of the recordings rooted in nonlinear responses. Therefore, the aforementioned approach may not be intrinsically effective in detecting liquefaction. An alternative to the Fourier-based approach is presented in this study, which proposes time-frequency analysis of earthquake ground motion recordings with the aid of the Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT）, and offers justification for the HHT in addressing the liquefaction features shown in the recordings. The paper then defines the predominant instantaneous frequency （PIF） and introduces the PiF-related motion features to identify liquefaction conditions at a given site. Analysis of 29 recorded data sets at different site conditions shows that the proposed approach is effective in detecting site liquefaction in comparison with other methods.
文摘To determine the shear wave velocity structure and predominant period features of Tmaztepe in izmir, Turkey, where new building sites have been planned, active-passive surface wave methods and single-station microtremor measurements are used, as well as surface acquisition techniques, including the multichannel analysis of surface waves （MASW）, refraction microtremor （ReMi）, and the spatial autocorrelation method （SPAC）, to pinpoint shallow and deep shear wave velocity. For engineering bedrock （V 〉 760 m/s） conditions at a depth of 30 m, an average seismic shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of soil （AVs30） is not only accepted as an important parameter for defining ground behavior during earthquakes, but a primary parameter in the geotechnical analysis for areas to be classified by V30 according to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program （NEHRP）. It is also determined that Z1.0, which represents a depth to V = 1000 m/s, is used for ground motion prediction and changed from 0 to 54 m. The sediment-engineering bedrock structure for Tmaztepe that was obtained shows engineering bedrock no deeper than 30 m. When compared, the depth of engineering bedrock and dominant period map and geology are generally compatible.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41772275the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.300102268203。
文摘This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the Fourier amplitude spectrum,response spectrum,and Arias intensity.The results show the following.(1)The predominant frequency of an earth fissure site is mainly affected by the thickness and the shear wave velocity of the soil layer and is minimally effected by the presence of an earth fissure.(2)Earth fissures have a pronounced amplification effect on dynamic response.Fourier amplitude,response acceleration,and Arias intensity are high near an earth fissure and decrease with an increase in distance from the earth fissure,tending toward stability at a distance of 20 m.(3)The area that is seriously affected by this amplification is within 6-8 m of an earth fissure,and the general affected area is farther out than this,to a distance of 25 m.(4)New construction should be avoided in an area affected by the amplification,and existing buildings in general and seriously affected areas need to be reinforced to increase their seismic fortification intensity.
