本文在GRAPES_TMM(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model)——中国南海台风模式版(面向南海和东南亚)中发展和引进了KA95(Kim and Arakawa,1995)地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO),并对2012...本文在GRAPES_TMM(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model)——中国南海台风模式版(面向南海和东南亚)中发展和引进了KA95(Kim and Arakawa,1995)地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO),并对2012年主要的9个登陆台风进行了试验对比研究,考察了不同标准Richardson数(c Ri)的GWDO试验对台风路径和强度预报的影响。结果表明,在引入地形重力波拖曳参数化过程后,模式对台风登陆时路径和强度的预报能力均要有提高,对台风预报时长越长,GWDO的影响也更为显著。对双台风"SAOLA"和"DAMREY"试验结果表明,GWDO对台风外围距台风中心150 km的对流层中下层风速减弱较为明显,减弱了GRAPES区域模式对台风强度预报偏强的现象,对台风强度长时间预报改善更为明显。不同标准c Ri对重力波拖曳力的计算较为敏感,当c Ri取1.0时,动能迅速的在低层被频散,能量无法有效地上传;c Ri取0.25时,大部分的能量在中高层被频散。总的来说,c Ri取0.75时对台风路径和强度预报改进更为显著,其结果可为业务预报提供指导意义。展开更多
Model initialization is a key process of climate predictions using dynamical models. In this study, the authors evaluated the performances of two distinct initialization approaches--anomaly and full-field initializati...Model initialization is a key process of climate predictions using dynamical models. In this study, the authors evaluated the performances of two distinct initialization approaches--anomaly and full-field initializations--in ENSO predictions conducted using the IAP-DecPreS near-term climate prediction system developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （lAP）. IAP-DecPreS is composed of the FGOALS-s2 coupled general circulation model and a newly developed ocean data assimilation scheme called＇ensemble optimal interpolation-incremental analysis update＇ （EnOI-IAU）. It was found that, for IAP-DecPreS, the hindcast runs using the anomaly initialization have higher predictive skills for both conventional ENSO and El Nino Modoki, as compared to using the full-field initialization. The anomaly hindcasts can predict super El Nino/La Nina 10 months in advance and have good skill for most moderate and weak ENSO events about 4-7 months in advance.The predictive skill of the anomaly hindcasts for El Nino Modoki is close to that for conventional ENSO. On the other hand, the anomaly hindcasts at 1- and 4-month lead time can reproduce the major features of large-scale patterns of sea surface temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulation anomalies during conventional ENSO and El Nino Modoki winter.展开更多
文摘本文在GRAPES_TMM(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model)——中国南海台风模式版(面向南海和东南亚)中发展和引进了KA95(Kim and Arakawa,1995)地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO),并对2012年主要的9个登陆台风进行了试验对比研究,考察了不同标准Richardson数(c Ri)的GWDO试验对台风路径和强度预报的影响。结果表明,在引入地形重力波拖曳参数化过程后,模式对台风登陆时路径和强度的预报能力均要有提高,对台风预报时长越长,GWDO的影响也更为显著。对双台风"SAOLA"和"DAMREY"试验结果表明,GWDO对台风外围距台风中心150 km的对流层中下层风速减弱较为明显,减弱了GRAPES区域模式对台风强度预报偏强的现象,对台风强度长时间预报改善更为明显。不同标准c Ri对重力波拖曳力的计算较为敏感,当c Ri取1.0时,动能迅速的在低层被频散,能量无法有效地上传;c Ri取0.25时,大部分的能量在中高层被频散。总的来说,c Ri取0.75时对台风路径和强度预报改进更为显著,其结果可为业务预报提供指导意义。
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number2017YFA0604201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers.41661144009 and 41675089)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry(meteorology)(grant number GYHY201506012)
文摘Model initialization is a key process of climate predictions using dynamical models. In this study, the authors evaluated the performances of two distinct initialization approaches--anomaly and full-field initializations--in ENSO predictions conducted using the IAP-DecPreS near-term climate prediction system developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （lAP）. IAP-DecPreS is composed of the FGOALS-s2 coupled general circulation model and a newly developed ocean data assimilation scheme called＇ensemble optimal interpolation-incremental analysis update＇ （EnOI-IAU）. It was found that, for IAP-DecPreS, the hindcast runs using the anomaly initialization have higher predictive skills for both conventional ENSO and El Nino Modoki, as compared to using the full-field initialization. The anomaly hindcasts can predict super El Nino/La Nina 10 months in advance and have good skill for most moderate and weak ENSO events about 4-7 months in advance.The predictive skill of the anomaly hindcasts for El Nino Modoki is close to that for conventional ENSO. On the other hand, the anomaly hindcasts at 1- and 4-month lead time can reproduce the major features of large-scale patterns of sea surface temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulation anomalies during conventional ENSO and El Nino Modoki winter.
