The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined,with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake ...The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined,with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake brain regions.There is an urgent need for high-precision methodologies to detect and analyze neural information across cortical and subcortical regions.In this study,we designed and fabricated the microelectrode arrays to detect electrophysiological signals from nine brain regions,ranging from the secondary motor cortex to the preoptic area in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia.The results demonstrate that isoflurane induces a synchronous inhibitory effect on neural activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of mice during the maintenance phase of anesthesia,which intensifies with increasing anesthesia concentration.Moreover,cortical neurons exhibit a more pronounced inhibitory response to isoflurane,as reflected by significant reductions in local field potential power and spike firing rates compared to subcortical neurons during the suppression phase.These findings suggest that isoflurane during the maintenance phase of anesthesia is more likely to align with the“top-down”paradigm by directly inhibiting cortical regions to maintain unconsciousness.In summary,these discoveries could further refine the study of the neural mechanisms of isoflurane-induced unconsciousness.展开更多
To investigate the judging problem of optimal dividing matrix among several fuzzy dividing matrices in fuzzy dividing space, correspondingly, which is determined by the various choices of cluster samples in the totali...To investigate the judging problem of optimal dividing matrix among several fuzzy dividing matrices in fuzzy dividing space, correspondingly, which is determined by the various choices of cluster samples in the totality sample space, two algorithms are proposed on the basis of the data analysis method in rough sets theory： information system discrete algorithm （algorithm 1） and samples representatives judging algorithm （algorithm 2）. On the principle of the farthest distance, algorithm 1 transforms continuous data into discrete form which could be transacted by rough sets theory. Taking the approximate precision as a criterion, algorithm 2 chooses the sample space with a good representative. Hence, the clustering sample set in inducing and computing optimal dividing matrix can be achieved. Several theorems are proposed to provide strict theoretic foundations for the execution of the algorithm model. An applied example based on the new algorithm model is given, whose result verifies the feasibility of this new algorithm model.展开更多
A general model of insider trading on a dynamic asset in a finite time interval is proposed,in which an insider possesses the whole information on the dynamic values,noise traders without any information submit orders...A general model of insider trading on a dynamic asset in a finite time interval is proposed,in which an insider possesses the whole information on the dynamic values,noise traders without any information submit orders randomly as a martingale with volatility following a stochastic process,and market makers observe partial information when setting price in a semi-strong efficient way.With the help of filtering theory,BSDE method and dynamic programming principle,we establish a market equilibrium consisting of linear insider trading strategy and linear pricing rule,with the later characterized by price pressure on market orders and price pressure on asset observations.It shows that in the equilibrium,all the information on the risky asset is incorporated into the market price at the end of the transaction,and price pressure on market orders is a submartingale while market depth process is a martingale.Furthermore,as market makers'information precision on the asset tends to zero,the equilibrium with partial observation of market makers on the risky asset converges to the one without partial observation of market makers,while when market makers observe almost all of information on the asset,the expected profit earned by the insider makes almost zero,which is in accord with our economic intuition.Our results cover some classical results about continuous-time insider trading on a static asset.展开更多
文摘The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined,with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake brain regions.There is an urgent need for high-precision methodologies to detect and analyze neural information across cortical and subcortical regions.In this study,we designed and fabricated the microelectrode arrays to detect electrophysiological signals from nine brain regions,ranging from the secondary motor cortex to the preoptic area in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia.The results demonstrate that isoflurane induces a synchronous inhibitory effect on neural activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of mice during the maintenance phase of anesthesia,which intensifies with increasing anesthesia concentration.Moreover,cortical neurons exhibit a more pronounced inhibitory response to isoflurane,as reflected by significant reductions in local field potential power and spike firing rates compared to subcortical neurons during the suppression phase.These findings suggest that isoflurane during the maintenance phase of anesthesia is more likely to align with the“top-down”paradigm by directly inhibiting cortical regions to maintain unconsciousness.In summary,these discoveries could further refine the study of the neural mechanisms of isoflurane-induced unconsciousness.
文摘To investigate the judging problem of optimal dividing matrix among several fuzzy dividing matrices in fuzzy dividing space, correspondingly, which is determined by the various choices of cluster samples in the totality sample space, two algorithms are proposed on the basis of the data analysis method in rough sets theory： information system discrete algorithm （algorithm 1） and samples representatives judging algorithm （algorithm 2）. On the principle of the farthest distance, algorithm 1 transforms continuous data into discrete form which could be transacted by rough sets theory. Taking the approximate precision as a criterion, algorithm 2 chooses the sample space with a good representative. Hence, the clustering sample set in inducing and computing optimal dividing matrix can be achieved. Several theorems are proposed to provide strict theoretic foundations for the execution of the algorithm model. An applied example based on the new algorithm model is given, whose result verifies the feasibility of this new algorithm model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11861025)Guizhou QKZYD[2022](No.4055)Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.QJJ[2023]011)。
文摘A general model of insider trading on a dynamic asset in a finite time interval is proposed,in which an insider possesses the whole information on the dynamic values,noise traders without any information submit orders randomly as a martingale with volatility following a stochastic process,and market makers observe partial information when setting price in a semi-strong efficient way.With the help of filtering theory,BSDE method and dynamic programming principle,we establish a market equilibrium consisting of linear insider trading strategy and linear pricing rule,with the later characterized by price pressure on market orders and price pressure on asset observations.It shows that in the equilibrium,all the information on the risky asset is incorporated into the market price at the end of the transaction,and price pressure on market orders is a submartingale while market depth process is a martingale.Furthermore,as market makers'information precision on the asset tends to zero,the equilibrium with partial observation of market makers on the risky asset converges to the one without partial observation of market makers,while when market makers observe almost all of information on the asset,the expected profit earned by the insider makes almost zero,which is in accord with our economic intuition.Our results cover some classical results about continuous-time insider trading on a static asset.
