The tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly influences cancer evolution and therapeutic efficacy.Targeting biofunctional molecules to the TME has long been appreciated as a means of raising local drug concentrations ...The tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly influences cancer evolution and therapeutic efficacy.Targeting biofunctional molecules to the TME has long been appreciated as a means of raising local drug concentrations and reducing systemic toxicities.The booming nanotechnology field has realized the importance of cathepsin B to derive a variety of intelligent enzyme-responsive nanosized drug delivery systems(nanoDDS)to improve treatment responses and clinical outcomes.In this tutorial review,after introducing the molecular structure and physiological/pathological functions of cathepsin B,the outstanding achievements of cathepsin B-responsive nanoplatforms in the precise diagnosis,targeted therapy,and synergistic theranostics of malignant tumors are systematically described.Finally,the challenges of enzyme-substrate incompatibility,low diagnostic sensitivity,mass production and biocompatibility of multifunctional nanoDDS are considered in order to successfully promote them to clinical applications.展开更多
Early screening,diagnosis,and treatment of lung cancer are pivotal in clinical practice since the tumor stage remains the most dominant factor that affects patient survival.Previous initiatives have tried to develop n...Early screening,diagnosis,and treatment of lung cancer are pivotal in clinical practice since the tumor stage remains the most dominant factor that affects patient survival.Previous initiatives have tried to develop new tools for decision-making of lung cancer.In this study,we proposed the China Protocol,a complete workflow of lung cancer tailored to the Chinese population,which is implemented by steps including early screening by evaluation of risk factors and three-dimensional thin-layer image reconstruction technique for low-dose computed tomography(Tre-LDCT),accurate diagnosis via artificial intelligence(Al)and novel biomarkers,and individualized treatment through non-invasive molecule visualization strategies.The application of this protocol has improved the early diagnosis and 5-year survival rates of lung cancer in China.The proportion of early-stage(stage I)lung cancer has increased from 46.3%to 65.6%,along with a 5-year survival rate of 90.4%.Moreover,especially for stage IA1 lung cancer,the diagnosis rate has improved from 16%to 27.9%;meanwhile,the 5-year survival rate of this group achieved 97.5%.Thus,here we defined stage IA1 lung cancer,which cohort benefits significantly from early diagnosis and treatment,as the"ultra-early stage lung cancer",aiming to provide an intuitive description for more precise management and survival improvement.In the future,we will promote our findings to multicenter remote areas through medical alliances and mobile health services with the desire to move forward the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective death of upper motor neurons(UMNs)and lower motor neurons(LMNs),typically may die from respiratory f...INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective death of upper motor neurons(UMNs)and lower motor neurons(LMNs),typically may die from respiratory failure within 2-5 years of symptorn onset H About 10%orALS patients are familial whereas the remaining patients are sporadic.ALS is highly heterogeneous in genetic and clinical phenotype,with lack of definitive diagnostic tools,making it extremely difficult to make early diagnosis.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a global health problem and is thought to be responsible for almost half of all deaths in the world.Nevertheless,currently available diagnostic methods for CVD are strongly depended on cl...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a global health problem and is thought to be responsible for almost half of all deaths in the world.Nevertheless,currently available diagnostic methods for CVD are strongly depended on clinical observation and monitoring,which commonly result in false diagnosis.Herein,an attractive strategy of a metal-organic framework(MOF)nanofilm-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(LDI-MS)was developed for enhancing serum metabolic profiling,which could provide precise diagnosis and molecular subtyping of CVD.The porous MOF nanofilm fabricated on indium-tin oxide(ITO)glass possessed enhanced ionization efficiency and size-exclusion effect,which endowed it as substrate with high sensitivity and selectivity for serum metabolites.Furthermore,the MOF nanofilm with uniform surface and high orientation provided high-quality and high-reproducibility serum metabolic profiles(SMPs)without any tedious pretreatment.Further analysis of extracted serum metabolic fingerprints could successfully distinguish patients with CVD from healthy controls and also differentiate two major subtypes of CVD.This work not only extends the application of MOF nanofilm as an attractive MS probe,but also provide an alternative way for precise diagnosis of CVD in molecular level.展开更多
Intelligent fault diagnosis is an important method in rotating machinery fault diagnosis and equipment health management.To deal with co-frequency vibration faults,a type of typical fault in rotating machinery,this pa...Intelligent fault diagnosis is an important method in rotating machinery fault diagnosis and equipment health management.To deal with co-frequency vibration faults,a type of typical fault in rotating machinery,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the stacked autoencoder(SAE)and ensembled ResNet-SVM.Furthermore,the time-and frequency-domain features of several co-frequency vibration faults are summarized based on the mechanism analysis and calculated using actual vibration data.To realize and validate the high-precision diagnosis method of rotating equipment with co-frequency faults proposed in this study,the following three criteria are required:First,to improve the effectiveness and robustness of the ensembled model and the sliding window using data augmentation,adding noise,autoencoder(AE)and SAE methods are analyzed in terms of principle and practical effects.Second,ResNet is used as the feature extractor for the ensembled ResNet-SVM model.Feature extraction is carried out twice,and the extracted co-frequency fault features are more comprehensive.Finally,the data augmentation method and ensemble ResNet-SVM are combined for fault diagnosis and compared with other methods.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method can exceed 99.9%.展开更多
BACKGROUND Only a few cases of diabetes mellitus with concurrent mutations in the mitochondrial MT-TL1 and CEL genes have been reported worldwide.Racial differences may influence mutation frequency,the presentation of...BACKGROUND Only a few cases of diabetes mellitus with concurrent mutations in the mitochondrial MT-TL1 and CEL genes have been reported worldwide.Racial differences may influence mutation frequency,the presentation of symptoms,and disease progression.This case report describes the clinical features,potential genetic mechanisms,and diagnostic complexity of young-onset diabetes mellitus with concurrent m.3243A>G mutation in MT-TL1 and c.1336G>A mutation in CEL.The objective is to inform precise typing,genetic counseling,and personalized treatment of monogenic diabetes mellitus,while expanding the evidence base on rare forms of diabetes mellitus.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man,diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis six years earlier,presented with poor response to insulin therapy(glycated hemoglobin,15.35%),marked wasting(body mass index:15.06 kg/m2),sensorineural deafness,diabetic retinopathy,and peripheral neuropathy.Whole-exome sequencing revealed concurrent mutations:Mitochondrial MT-TL1 m.3243A>G(heteroplasmy 41.76%)and CEL c.1336G>A.Family investigation identified his mother,who also had diabetes,as a carrier of the CEL mutation,and his sister as harboring both mutations without diabetes.CONCLUSION This case highlights the genetic heterogeneity of monogenic diabetes and expands the known mutational spectrum.Comprehensive genetic testing is recommended to enhance diagnostic accuracy in cases of suspected monogenic diabetes.展开更多
The recent interest in precision medicine among interventionists has led to the establishment of the concept of precision interventional radiology(PIR).This concept focuses not only on the accuracy of interventional o...The recent interest in precision medicine among interventionists has led to the establishment of the concept of precision interventional radiology(PIR).This concept focuses not only on the accuracy of interventional operations using traditional image-guided techniques,but also on the comprehensive evaluation of diseases.The invisible features extracted from CT,MRI,or US improve the accuracy and specificity of diagnosis.The integration of multi-omics and molecule imaging provides more information for interventional operations.The development and application of drugs,embolic materials,and devices broaden the concept of PIR.Integrating medicine and engineering brings new image-guided techniques that increase the efficacy of interventional operations while reducing the complications of interventional treatment.In all,PIR,an important part of precision medicine,emphasizing the whole disease management process,including precision diagnosis,comprehensive evaluation,and interventional therapy,maximizes the benefits of patients with limited damage.展开更多
Primary liver cancer,often referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China[1].Each year,39.0%-53.6%of newly diagnos...Primary liver cancer,often referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China[1].Each year,39.0%-53.6%of newly diagnosed liver cancer are identified at an advanced stage,marked by short survival and a refractory clinical condition[2].However,current guidelines for diagnosing and treating liver cancer broadly classify the advanced stage,advocating a singular strategy without considering individual patient treatment options.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and practical expert consensus specifically for China to enhance early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.Using the Delphi method,an expert team has,for the first time,refined the classification criteria for Chinese liver cancer patients and developed corresponding optimal treatment regimen recommendations[3].This consensus is intended to provide a more detailed,scientific,and reasonable reference basis for the selection of individualized diagnosis and treatment plans.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori,a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium,is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders,including chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,gastric cancer,and even certain extragastri...Helicobacter pylori,a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium,is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders,including chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,gastric cancer,and even certain extragastric diseases.Its ability to colonize and persist within the host is driven by a complex arsenal of colonization and virulence factors,underscoring the intricate dynamics of host–pathogen interactions.The clinical management of H.pylori remains challenging,primarily due to the absence of commercially available vaccines and the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance.Accurate and reliable detection methods are therefore critical for preventing infections,identifying antibiotic resistance,and assessing treatment efficacy.Currently,both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic approaches are employed,each with unique strengths and limitations.This review provides a comprehensive overview of H.pylori pathogenesis,diagnostic strategies,and therapeutic interventions,highlighting the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies.By critically evaluating existing methods and exploring innovative approaches,this review aims to support future progress in the effective management of this globally prevalent pathogen.展开更多
Precision medicine serves as a beacon of hope,offer-ing tailored treatments that target the unique molecular characteristics of individual patients.Among the numer-ous conditions that could benefit from this approach,...Precision medicine serves as a beacon of hope,offer-ing tailored treatments that target the unique molecular characteristics of individual patients.Among the numer-ous conditions that could benefit from this approach,epilepsy stands out as a particularly compelling target.In this special issue,we explore the promising poten-tial of precision gene diagnosis or treatment for epi-lepsy,exploring its foundations,challenges,and future prospects.展开更多
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in ...Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia.Here,we present a clinical case of an 86-year-old male patient with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.During the clinical treatment,four mNGS analyses were performed within two consecutive weeks.Various respiratory fungal pathogens,including Candida orthopsilosis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus fumigatus were detected by mNGS of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Based on conventional pathogen identification and clinical symptoms,the patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.The abundance of fungal species decreased gradually in response to antifungal and empirical therapies,and the fungal infections were effectively con-trolled.In summary,our results demonstrated that mNGS could effectively identify pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia.Additionally,dynamic pathogen monitoring based on mNGS could assist in the precise diag-nosis of complex infections and may facilitate rapid induction of the most appropriate therapy.展开更多
Proteases have a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis,but their dysregulation results in severe activity imbalance and pathological conditions,including cancer onset,progression,invasion,and metas...Proteases have a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis,but their dysregulation results in severe activity imbalance and pathological conditions,including cancer onset,progression,invasion,and metastasis.This striking importance plus superior biological recognition and catalytic performance of proteases,combining with the excellent physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials,results in enzyme-activated nano-drug delivery systems(nanoDDS)that perform theranostic functions in highly specific response to the tumor phenotype stimulus.In the tutorial review,the key advances of protease-responsive nanoDDS in the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment for malignancies are emphatically classified according to the effector biomolecule types,on the premise of summarizing the structure and function of each protease.Subsequently,the incomplete matching and recognition between enzyme and substrate,structural design complexity,volume production,and toxicological issues related to the nanocomposites are highlighted to clarify the direction of efforts in nanotheranostics.This will facilitate the promotion of nanotechnology in the management of malignant tumors.展开更多
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant challenge in the treatment of osteomyelitis,rendering traditional antibiotic treatment strategies inadequate in terms of achieving a complete cure.In r...The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant challenge in the treatment of osteomyelitis,rendering traditional antibiotic treatment strategies inadequate in terms of achieving a complete cure.In recent years,triggerable biomaterial-based,antibiotic-free osteomyelitis treatment strategies have rapidly evolved,demonstrating excellent bactericidal effects.Triggerable biomaterials-based osteomyelitis theranostics encompass physical signal response strategies and host immune modulation approaches.These strategies can be effective against drug-resistant bacteria,circumventing the gradual acquisition of resistance that often accompanies traditional antibiotic treat-ment.Additionally,the inherent physical properties of the triggerable bio-materials facilitate the precise imaging of osteomyelitis.There is no doubt that triggerable biomaterial-mediated,antibiotic-free therapies are emerging as a trend,which is critically important in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced osteomyelitis.In this review,we summarize the latest advances in osteomyelitis treatment strategies from both pathogen-directed and host-directed perspectives.The design regimens and specific action mechanisms of triggerable biomaterial-based nanoplatforms are also clarified.Finally,we outline the challenges faced by various antibiotic-free therapies and provide an outlook on the prospects for synergistic interactions.展开更多
Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades.Microbes can affect oncogenesis,progression,and treatment response through various mechanisms,including direct regulation and indirect impacts....Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades.Microbes can affect oncogenesis,progression,and treatment response through various mechanisms,including direct regulation and indirect impacts.Microbiota-associated detectionmethods and agents have been developed to facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy.Additionally,the cancermicrobiome has recently been redefined.The identification of intra-tumoral microbes and cancer-related circulating microbial DNA(cmDNA)has promoted novel research in the cancer–microbiome area.In this review,we define the human system of commensal microbes and the cancer microbiome from a brand-new perspective and emphasize the potential value of cmDNA as a promising biomarker in cancer liquid biopsy.We outline all existing studies on the relationship between cmDNA and cancer and the outlook for potential preclinical and clinical applications of cmDNA in cancer precision medicine,as well as critical problems to be overcome in this burgeoning field.展开更多
In 2011, four major research institutes in America--Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation, released a joint research plan on precision medic...In 2011, four major research institutes in America--Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation, released a joint research plan on precision medicine. In January 2015, President Obama announced a propose on research of precision medicine in State of the Union Address, aiming to cure and close to cure cancer, diabetes and other diseases, and obtain the medical records of individuals and families that they may need.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903662,51903201)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(Nos.2019M661057,2019M653660)+5 种基金the Applied Basic Research Programs of Shanxi Province(No.201901D211347)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2019L0428)the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Province(No.SD1827)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2020JQ-086)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.SJ201910698121)the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Medical University(No.XD1824)。
文摘The tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly influences cancer evolution and therapeutic efficacy.Targeting biofunctional molecules to the TME has long been appreciated as a means of raising local drug concentrations and reducing systemic toxicities.The booming nanotechnology field has realized the importance of cathepsin B to derive a variety of intelligent enzyme-responsive nanosized drug delivery systems(nanoDDS)to improve treatment responses and clinical outcomes.In this tutorial review,after introducing the molecular structure and physiological/pathological functions of cathepsin B,the outstanding achievements of cathepsin B-responsive nanoplatforms in the precise diagnosis,targeted therapy,and synergistic theranostics of malignant tumors are systematically described.Finally,the challenges of enzyme-substrate incompatibility,low diagnostic sensitivity,mass production and biocompatibility of multifunctional nanoDDS are considered in order to successfully promote them to clinical applications.
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD0529500/2024ZD0529504,2024ZD0529500/2024ZD0529505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82470109,92159302)+3 种基金Science and Technology Project of Sichuan(2022ZDZX0018)1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYYC23027)1.3.5 projects for Artificial Intelligence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYAI24016)1.3.5 Project of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(RHM24208).
文摘Early screening,diagnosis,and treatment of lung cancer are pivotal in clinical practice since the tumor stage remains the most dominant factor that affects patient survival.Previous initiatives have tried to develop new tools for decision-making of lung cancer.In this study,we proposed the China Protocol,a complete workflow of lung cancer tailored to the Chinese population,which is implemented by steps including early screening by evaluation of risk factors and three-dimensional thin-layer image reconstruction technique for low-dose computed tomography(Tre-LDCT),accurate diagnosis via artificial intelligence(Al)and novel biomarkers,and individualized treatment through non-invasive molecule visualization strategies.The application of this protocol has improved the early diagnosis and 5-year survival rates of lung cancer in China.The proportion of early-stage(stage I)lung cancer has increased from 46.3%to 65.6%,along with a 5-year survival rate of 90.4%.Moreover,especially for stage IA1 lung cancer,the diagnosis rate has improved from 16%to 27.9%;meanwhile,the 5-year survival rate of this group achieved 97.5%.Thus,here we defined stage IA1 lung cancer,which cohort benefits significantly from early diagnosis and treatment,as the"ultra-early stage lung cancer",aiming to provide an intuitive description for more precise management and survival improvement.In the future,we will promote our findings to multicenter remote areas through medical alliances and mobile health services with the desire to move forward the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
文摘INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective death of upper motor neurons(UMNs)and lower motor neurons(LMNs),typically may die from respiratory failure within 2-5 years of symptorn onset H About 10%orALS patients are familial whereas the remaining patients are sporadic.ALS is highly heterogeneous in genetic and clinical phenotype,with lack of definitive diagnostic tools,making it extremely difficult to make early diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21974021 and 22036001)the Major Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(No.2020HZ06006)。
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a global health problem and is thought to be responsible for almost half of all deaths in the world.Nevertheless,currently available diagnostic methods for CVD are strongly depended on clinical observation and monitoring,which commonly result in false diagnosis.Herein,an attractive strategy of a metal-organic framework(MOF)nanofilm-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(LDI-MS)was developed for enhancing serum metabolic profiling,which could provide precise diagnosis and molecular subtyping of CVD.The porous MOF nanofilm fabricated on indium-tin oxide(ITO)glass possessed enhanced ionization efficiency and size-exclusion effect,which endowed it as substrate with high sensitivity and selectivity for serum metabolites.Furthermore,the MOF nanofilm with uniform surface and high orientation provided high-quality and high-reproducibility serum metabolic profiles(SMPs)without any tedious pretreatment.Further analysis of extracted serum metabolic fingerprints could successfully distinguish patients with CVD from healthy controls and also differentiate two major subtypes of CVD.This work not only extends the application of MOF nanofilm as an attractive MS probe,but also provide an alternative way for precise diagnosis of CVD in molecular level.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51875031)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.3212010)。
文摘Intelligent fault diagnosis is an important method in rotating machinery fault diagnosis and equipment health management.To deal with co-frequency vibration faults,a type of typical fault in rotating machinery,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the stacked autoencoder(SAE)and ensembled ResNet-SVM.Furthermore,the time-and frequency-domain features of several co-frequency vibration faults are summarized based on the mechanism analysis and calculated using actual vibration data.To realize and validate the high-precision diagnosis method of rotating equipment with co-frequency faults proposed in this study,the following three criteria are required:First,to improve the effectiveness and robustness of the ensembled model and the sliding window using data augmentation,adding noise,autoencoder(AE)and SAE methods are analyzed in terms of principle and practical effects.Second,ResNet is used as the feature extractor for the ensembled ResNet-SVM model.Feature extraction is carried out twice,and the extracted co-frequency fault features are more comprehensive.Finally,the data augmentation method and ensemble ResNet-SVM are combined for fault diagnosis and compared with other methods.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method can exceed 99.9%.
基金Supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project,No.20220203018SF。
文摘BACKGROUND Only a few cases of diabetes mellitus with concurrent mutations in the mitochondrial MT-TL1 and CEL genes have been reported worldwide.Racial differences may influence mutation frequency,the presentation of symptoms,and disease progression.This case report describes the clinical features,potential genetic mechanisms,and diagnostic complexity of young-onset diabetes mellitus with concurrent m.3243A>G mutation in MT-TL1 and c.1336G>A mutation in CEL.The objective is to inform precise typing,genetic counseling,and personalized treatment of monogenic diabetes mellitus,while expanding the evidence base on rare forms of diabetes mellitus.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man,diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis six years earlier,presented with poor response to insulin therapy(glycated hemoglobin,15.35%),marked wasting(body mass index:15.06 kg/m2),sensorineural deafness,diabetic retinopathy,and peripheral neuropathy.Whole-exome sequencing revealed concurrent mutations:Mitochondrial MT-TL1 m.3243A>G(heteroplasmy 41.76%)and CEL c.1336G>A.Family investigation identified his mother,who also had diabetes,as a carrier of the CEL mutation,and his sister as harboring both mutations without diabetes.CONCLUSION This case highlights the genetic heterogeneity of monogenic diabetes and expands the known mutational spectrum.Comprehensive genetic testing is recommended to enhance diagnostic accuracy in cases of suspected monogenic diabetes.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development projects intergovernmental cooperation in science and technology of China(2018YFE0126900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81803778)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LQ20H160055)。
文摘The recent interest in precision medicine among interventionists has led to the establishment of the concept of precision interventional radiology(PIR).This concept focuses not only on the accuracy of interventional operations using traditional image-guided techniques,but also on the comprehensive evaluation of diseases.The invisible features extracted from CT,MRI,or US improve the accuracy and specificity of diagnosis.The integration of multi-omics and molecule imaging provides more information for interventional operations.The development and application of drugs,embolic materials,and devices broaden the concept of PIR.Integrating medicine and engineering brings new image-guided techniques that increase the efficacy of interventional operations while reducing the complications of interventional treatment.In all,PIR,an important part of precision medicine,emphasizing the whole disease management process,including precision diagnosis,comprehensive evaluation,and interventional therapy,maximizes the benefits of patients with limited damage.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82272956)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology(No.Z231100004823030).
文摘Primary liver cancer,often referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China[1].Each year,39.0%-53.6%of newly diagnosed liver cancer are identified at an advanced stage,marked by short survival and a refractory clinical condition[2].However,current guidelines for diagnosing and treating liver cancer broadly classify the advanced stage,advocating a singular strategy without considering individual patient treatment options.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and practical expert consensus specifically for China to enhance early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.Using the Delphi method,an expert team has,for the first time,refined the classification criteria for Chinese liver cancer patients and developed corresponding optimal treatment regimen recommendations[3].This consensus is intended to provide a more detailed,scientific,and reasonable reference basis for the selection of individualized diagnosis and treatment plans.
基金Technological Innovation and Application Development Foundation of Chongqing,Grant/Award Number:CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0028Chongqing medical scientific research project(Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),Grant/Award Number:2025MSXM004+2 种基金Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:KJZDK202400102 and KJZD-K202400103Medical Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:2024WSJK007Leading Project of Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital,Grant/Award Numbers:2023LJXM001 and 2024LJXM003.
文摘Helicobacter pylori,a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium,is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders,including chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,gastric cancer,and even certain extragastric diseases.Its ability to colonize and persist within the host is driven by a complex arsenal of colonization and virulence factors,underscoring the intricate dynamics of host–pathogen interactions.The clinical management of H.pylori remains challenging,primarily due to the absence of commercially available vaccines and the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance.Accurate and reliable detection methods are therefore critical for preventing infections,identifying antibiotic resistance,and assessing treatment efficacy.Currently,both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic approaches are employed,each with unique strengths and limitations.This review provides a comprehensive overview of H.pylori pathogenesis,diagnostic strategies,and therapeutic interventions,highlighting the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies.By critically evaluating existing methods and exploring innovative approaches,this review aims to support future progress in the effective management of this globally prevalent pathogen.
文摘Precision medicine serves as a beacon of hope,offer-ing tailored treatments that target the unique molecular characteristics of individual patients.Among the numer-ous conditions that could benefit from this approach,epilepsy stands out as a particularly compelling target.In this special issue,we explore the promising poten-tial of precision gene diagnosis or treatment for epi-lepsy,exploring its foundations,challenges,and future prospects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300101).
文摘Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia.Here,we present a clinical case of an 86-year-old male patient with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.During the clinical treatment,four mNGS analyses were performed within two consecutive weeks.Various respiratory fungal pathogens,including Candida orthopsilosis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus fumigatus were detected by mNGS of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Based on conventional pathogen identification and clinical symptoms,the patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.The abundance of fungal species decreased gradually in response to antifungal and empirical therapies,and the fungal infections were effectively con-trolled.In summary,our results demonstrated that mNGS could effectively identify pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia.Additionally,dynamic pathogen monitoring based on mNGS could assist in the precise diag-nosis of complex infections and may facilitate rapid induction of the most appropriate therapy.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903662,81860630 and 51903201)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661057 and 2019M653660)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-086,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(20181BAB205087,China)the Key Project of Jiangxi(20192ACB70012,China)
文摘Proteases have a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis,but their dysregulation results in severe activity imbalance and pathological conditions,including cancer onset,progression,invasion,and metastasis.This striking importance plus superior biological recognition and catalytic performance of proteases,combining with the excellent physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials,results in enzyme-activated nano-drug delivery systems(nanoDDS)that perform theranostic functions in highly specific response to the tumor phenotype stimulus.In the tutorial review,the key advances of protease-responsive nanoDDS in the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment for malignancies are emphatically classified according to the effector biomolecule types,on the premise of summarizing the structure and function of each protease.Subsequently,the incomplete matching and recognition between enzyme and substrate,structural design complexity,volume production,and toxicological issues related to the nanocomposites are highlighted to clarify the direction of efforts in nanotheranostics.This will facilitate the promotion of nanotechnology in the management of malignant tumors.
基金The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302343)Beijing Institute of Technology Teli Young Fellow Program(RCPT-20220029)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(XSQD-6120220130,XSQD-202213001).
文摘The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant challenge in the treatment of osteomyelitis,rendering traditional antibiotic treatment strategies inadequate in terms of achieving a complete cure.In recent years,triggerable biomaterial-based,antibiotic-free osteomyelitis treatment strategies have rapidly evolved,demonstrating excellent bactericidal effects.Triggerable biomaterials-based osteomyelitis theranostics encompass physical signal response strategies and host immune modulation approaches.These strategies can be effective against drug-resistant bacteria,circumventing the gradual acquisition of resistance that often accompanies traditional antibiotic treat-ment.Additionally,the inherent physical properties of the triggerable bio-materials facilitate the precise imaging of osteomyelitis.There is no doubt that triggerable biomaterial-mediated,antibiotic-free therapies are emerging as a trend,which is critically important in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced osteomyelitis.In this review,we summarize the latest advances in osteomyelitis treatment strategies from both pathogen-directed and host-directed perspectives.The design regimens and specific action mechanisms of triggerable biomaterial-based nanoplatforms are also clarified.Finally,we outline the challenges faced by various antibiotic-free therapies and provide an outlook on the prospects for synergistic interactions.
基金Thisworkwas supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development(grant No.U20A20394)the Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(grant No.2020YJ0106).
文摘Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades.Microbes can affect oncogenesis,progression,and treatment response through various mechanisms,including direct regulation and indirect impacts.Microbiota-associated detectionmethods and agents have been developed to facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy.Additionally,the cancermicrobiome has recently been redefined.The identification of intra-tumoral microbes and cancer-related circulating microbial DNA(cmDNA)has promoted novel research in the cancer–microbiome area.In this review,we define the human system of commensal microbes and the cancer microbiome from a brand-new perspective and emphasize the potential value of cmDNA as a promising biomarker in cancer liquid biopsy.We outline all existing studies on the relationship between cmDNA and cancer and the outlook for potential preclinical and clinical applications of cmDNA in cancer precision medicine,as well as critical problems to be overcome in this burgeoning field.
文摘In 2011, four major research institutes in America--Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation, released a joint research plan on precision medicine. In January 2015, President Obama announced a propose on research of precision medicine in State of the Union Address, aiming to cure and close to cure cancer, diabetes and other diseases, and obtain the medical records of individuals and families that they may need.
