Anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) is an abundant fish species in the Yellow Sea,and its natural stock is decreasing rapidly in recent years. Based on the stock-recruitment(SR) data from 1987 to 2002 published in Zhao et al...Anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) is an abundant fish species in the Yellow Sea,and its natural stock is decreasing rapidly in recent years. Based on the stock-recruitment(SR) data from 1987 to 2002 published in Zhao et al.(2003),the criterion BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion) is applied to selecting a suitable model from six normal and lognormal error structured SR statisti-cal models,the age-structured model is used to calculate the biological reference points(BRPs),and the precision of the SR parame-ters and BRPs are calculated using bootstrap method. The results indicate that the anchovy fishery resource in the Yellow Sea is in an over-fished state. The precaution management principle requires that the fishery should be closed immediately.展开更多
This paper aimed at incorporating the precautionary principles into the planning and development of GSM （global system for mobile communications） masts within the built-up areas of Jimeta. Using GIS （geographic inf...This paper aimed at incorporating the precautionary principles into the planning and development of GSM （global system for mobile communications） masts within the built-up areas of Jimeta. Using GIS （geographic information system） analysis technique, the zone of precautionary principle was defined to 500 meters radius as the zone within which precautionary measures are exercised. The criteria for siting GSM base station are also equally identified. For instance, the presence of certain elements within the precautionary zone like schools, hospitals, residential density and overlap of RF （radio frequency） occurrences, may disqualify any mast location. Analysis of the land use within precautionary zone has shown various proportions of exposure to RF, whereas, only 3.39% of the masts are suitably located and 94.92% are not and therefore should be relocated. The study recommend measures for addressing physical development within precautionary areas, including land conversion and mast sharing to reduce potential harmful effects of RF emanating from GSM base stations.展开更多
Academics have yet to agree on the effectiveness of the precautionary saving theory in explaining Chinese households’saving behavior.With the Wenchuan megaearthquake of 2008 as an uncertain event to overcome the endo...Academics have yet to agree on the effectiveness of the precautionary saving theory in explaining Chinese households’saving behavior.With the Wenchuan megaearthquake of 2008 as an uncertain event to overcome the endogeneity problem of income volatility,this paper puts forward a brand-new hypothesis that"an earthquake influences household saving rate through its effects on expected income and the variance of expected income."Then,we employ propensity score matching-difference-in-differences(PSMDID)method,the systematic GMM methods,the synthetic control method,together with instrumental variable method,for an analysis of Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)and inter-provincial data at the micro and macro levels,respectively.We find that the Wenchuan mega-earthquake was followed by an increase in the variance of household expected income in Sichuan and a significant rise in the household saving rate.Second,social protection is negatively correlated with expected income,and has a significant substitutive relationship with saving rate.This finding indirectly proves that the earthquake’s impact on the household saving rate is subject to the variance of expected income,shedding light on how the precautionary saving motivation works in the real world.展开更多
This paper analyzes the impact of health insurance on household portfolio choice. Using the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finance and Health Retirement Survey databases, it finds that insured households are more likely to o...This paper analyzes the impact of health insurance on household portfolio choice. Using the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finance and Health Retirement Survey databases, it finds that insured households are more likely to own stocks and invest a larger proportion of financial assets in stocks than uninsured households do. The results remain strong even after controlling for household characteristics and reverse causality. Furthel, the results are robust across different survey years and data sources. It suggests that a precautionary motive is strong in household portfolio choice decisions.展开更多
The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to...The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to overcome this gap. In a practical example in the watershed of the Danube River and its contributing streams in Germany,we aimed to solve questions about the value of participatory modeling as a method to bridge the gap linked to flood polder planning and a relocation of a dike for protection against high floods(centennial floods and rarer). Local communities, citizen initiatives, and nongovernmental environmental organizations joined together for round table discussions initiated by the water management authorities. A participatory modeling process enabled these diverse stakeholders to engage with the experts who built the groundwater models for the planning process. As part of this study, two case studies are presented. In the first example, neutral mediators assisted the round table ‘‘Flood Polder Katzau(Danube)'' in order to cultivate mutual trust and understanding between the authorities and the former opponents of the project. This process is still ongoing,challenged by long-term planning and the more immediate obstacle of current political changes. The second case studyis located on the river Alz, a tributary of the river Inn,which flows into the Danube, where the relocation of a dike was planned. This article demonstrates how participatory modeling contributes to bridging the gap between a local resident's risk perception and real action in the case of flood preparedness.展开更多
We are living in a risk society where people devised the Precautionary Principle in order to minimize the harm caused by risk ex ante. Compared to the previous Food Hygiene Law （FHL） and the 2009 Food Safety Law, th...We are living in a risk society where people devised the Precautionary Principle in order to minimize the harm caused by risk ex ante. Compared to the previous Food Hygiene Law （FHL） and the 2009 Food Safety Law, the 2015 revised Chinese Food Safety Law （FSL） made a real breakthrough in the sense that it legitimates an important principle in food safety governance. Apart from laying down the fundamental importance of this principle in food safety regulations, the FSL 2015 also invented arrangements from different aspects in order to implement this principle. In other words, the FSL 2015＇s incorporation of the Precautionary Principle in a very real sense marked a transition from a demonstrative preventive food safety management regime to a more effective precautionary regime. However, the Precautionary Principle needs to be adopted in a ＂precautionary＂ way since this principle has its own limitations and defects. Incautious application of the principle may create new risks. This article compares the European approach in implementing the Precautionary Principle, and examines China＇s legal arrangements against negative impacts brought by the Precautionary Principle. Three perspectives are discussed： independence of scientific institutes; proportionality in risk management measures, and the shift of burden of proof for market authorization.展开更多
This paper deals with the effort problem under multiple risks in bivariate utility setting. We identify preference conditions to insure positive or negative effect of a background variable uncertainty on effort in the...This paper deals with the effort problem under multiple risks in bivariate utility setting. We identify preference conditions to insure positive or negative effect of a background variable uncertainty on effort in the presence of other risks. We allow for the simultaneous presence of wealth and background variable uncertainties. We investigate the joint effect of two-source uncertainties on effort when two risks are either small or positive quadrant dependent. Our work extends the previous model of effort to bivariate utility framework and presents new insights into the issue of optimal effort under uncertainty.展开更多
This study investigates the mediation effects of online public attention on the relationship between air pollution and precautionary behavior based on a merged real-world data set that includes daily air quality,Inter...This study investigates the mediation effects of online public attention on the relationship between air pollution and precautionary behavior based on a merged real-world data set that includes daily air quality,Internet search and media indices,social media discussions,and product purchases.Using a Bayesian structural equation modeling approach,we show that online public attention to air pollution increases when air pollution increases,and such attention is captured by more media reports,social media discussions,and Internet searches.A comprehensive relationship involving direct and indirect effects between air pollution and precautionary behavior is established.Air pollution has a positive effect on proactive defensive behaviors,reflected in increased purchases of preventive products,and this effect is partially mediated by online media coverage and the public's Internet searches.Air pollution also motivates passive defensive behaviors,reflected in decreased purchases of outdoor sports products,and this effect is partially mediated by social media coverage.These results suggest that governments could improve the quality of policy making by considering the different roles of various forms of online public attention in the public's risk perceptions of and reactions to air pollution.展开更多
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)significantly hampers patient recovery and increases morbidity.With the absence of established preventive strategies,this study utilizes advanced machine learning methodolo...Intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)significantly hampers patient recovery and increases morbidity.With the absence of established preventive strategies,this study utilizes advanced machine learning methodologies to unearth key predictors of ICU-AW.Employing a sophisticated multilayer perceptron neural network,the research methodically assesses the predictive power for ICU-AW,pinpointing the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation as pivotal risk factors.The findings advocate for minimizing these elements as a preventive approach,offering a novel perspective on combating ICU-AW.This research illuminates critical risk factors and lays the groundwork for future explorations into effective prevention and intervention strategies.展开更多
Based on some assumptions,the dynamic governing equation of anchorage system is established.The calculation formula of natural frequency and the corresponding vibration mode are deduced.Besides,the feasibility of the ...Based on some assumptions,the dynamic governing equation of anchorage system is established.The calculation formula of natural frequency and the corresponding vibration mode are deduced.Besides,the feasibility of the theoretical method is verified by using a specific example combined with other methods.It is found that the low-order natural frequency corresponds to the first mode of vibration,and the high-order natural frequency corresponds to the second mode of vibration,while the third mode happens only when the physical and mechanical parameters of anchorage system meet certain conditions.With the increasing of the order of natural frequency,the influence on the dynamic mechanical response of anchorage system decreases gradually.Additionally,a calculating method,which can find the dangerous area of anchorage engineering in different construction sites and avoid the unreasonable design of anchor that may cause resonance,is proposed to meet the seismic precautionary requirements.This method is verified to be feasible and effective by being applied to an actual project.The study of basic dynamic features of anchorage system can provide a theoretical guidance for anchor seismic design and fast evaluation of anchor design scheme.展开更多
With the rapid development of the computer network technologies, in the application of the computer networks, the importance of the network security is becoming increasingly prominent, and computer network security is...With the rapid development of the computer network technologies, in the application of the computer networks, the importance of the network security is becoming increasingly prominent, and computer network security issues have received more and more attention of the communities. In the face of the problems of the security hidden trouble in the computer network, it is essential to take the relevant measures to ensure the safety of the computer network. With the computer network security as the breakthrough point, this paper discusses the precautionary measures of the computer network security based on the analysis of the computer network security, in order to illustrate the importance of the computer network security, to provide references for ensuring the security of the computer network.展开更多
The protection of public health is one of the legislative purposes of China’s environmental legal system.Article 39 of the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes an environmental ...The protection of public health is one of the legislative purposes of China’s environmental legal system.Article 39 of the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes an environmental and health risk assessment system.The health risk assessment system has biases in understanding,and it fails to face up to the functional transformation from the ex-post relief of environmental damage to the pre-prevention prevention of health risks in the environmental legal system;lack of a complete environmental and health legal system,unclear environmental and health risk assessment framework,and unclear environmental and health risk assessment frameworks.Health risk management capabilities need to be improved,there is a lack of specialized environmental and health risk assessment institutions,and there is a lack of supporting risk assessment technical standard system construction.It is necessary to combine practical experience with China’s national conditions and actual needs,construct an environmental health risk assessment system with Chinese characteristics from both the entity and the procedure,strengthen legislative support,and improve my country’s environmental and health laws on the basis of objective and scientific protection of the assessment process.Institutional system,establish a national environmental health risk assessment expert committee as soon as possible,improve my country’s environmental and health risk assessment framework,strengthen environmental and health management capacity building,improve the environmental and health risk assessment technical system,and promote the development of China’s environmental and health risk assessment system develop and give play to the institutional mission of safeguarding public health.展开更多
Objective: to analyze and explore the potential nursing risks and preventive measures in the nursing work of neurology department. Methods: 100 patients admitted to our department of neurology were selected as the mai...Objective: to analyze and explore the potential nursing risks and preventive measures in the nursing work of neurology department. Methods: 100 patients admitted to our department of neurology were selected as the main targets of this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: The observation group and the control group. The control group used ordinary nursing methods. On the premise of ordinary care, the patients in the observation group, coupled with analysis and neurological assessment of existing or potential unstable elements, focused on exploring the characteristics of patients in the department of neurology, targeted preventive measures, and then analyzed the statistics of the number of risk or unsafe events during hospitalization. Results: the number of accidents caused by patients in the observation group was significantly less than that of patients in the control group. The patients in the observation group carried out targeted assessment in the face of the existing or potential risk factors, and truly and efficiently used active prevention methods, effectively avoided unstable factors in essence, prevented nursing accidents, ensured the efficient completion of nursing work, and ensured the life safety of patients. Conclusion: in the face of the potential nursing risks in the neurology department, a targeted prediction is made, corresponding prevention measures are given, and prevention measures are given. In the nursing work, the nursing staff should have professional and detailed professional spirit, reflect more humanistic care, and be able to provide effective guarantee for the safety of patients and their families, and eliminate the occurrence of potential safety hazards. Such nursing measures are worthy of wide use in clinical practice and great promotion.展开更多
Objective: to explore the role of preventive care in childrens health care. Methods: a total of 100 children were randomly selected from the childrens outpatient department of our hospital from May to November 2020. T...Objective: to explore the role of preventive care in childrens health care. Methods: a total of 100 children were randomly selected from the childrens outpatient department of our hospital from May to November 2020. They were randomly divided into two groups with 50 children in each group. The control group was treated with routine treatment, while the control group was treated with preventive treatment, and nurses were given care (including nurses quality, satisfaction, childrens mentality and dangerous accidents). Conclusion: the application of childrens anti-paradigm nursing in childrens nursing can obviously improve childrens family satisfaction, nursing quality and influence on childrens family, and can effectively reduce childrens nursing risk, with good preventive effect.展开更多
Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities...Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods.Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey;one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province,central Vietnam.The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works’efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities.Households’self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk.While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017,others seem to be lagging.Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages.The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures,which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town’s preservation policy.This multidimensional comparison,in terms of vulnerability,emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives,such as landscape rehabilitation,disaster prevention,and livelihood maintenance.展开更多
Synthetic biology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to design and construct new biological systems not found in nature.Whereas synthetic biology may yield tremendous benefits,it may also pose substantia...Synthetic biology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to design and construct new biological systems not found in nature.Whereas synthetic biology may yield tremendous benefits,it may also pose substantial risks to human health and the environment that must be addressed.In this paper,we examined the environmental risks associated with synthetic biology,including changes to or depletion of the environment,competition with native species,horizontal gene transfer,pathogenicity or toxicity,bioterrorism,and laboratory biosecurity.We highlight three approaches for assessing environmental risks in synthetic biology:solution-focused risk assessment,Bayesian networks,and network of networks for sustainable capacity building.An ethical governance framework is proposed to facilitate innovation while minimising risks.This framework emphasises the precautionary principle and balancing stakeholder interests prior to project development and commercialisation.Overall,we underscore the importance and urgency of assessing and managing the environmental risks of synthetic biology to ensure its safe and ethical development and application.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB422306,973 program)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30271025).
文摘Anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) is an abundant fish species in the Yellow Sea,and its natural stock is decreasing rapidly in recent years. Based on the stock-recruitment(SR) data from 1987 to 2002 published in Zhao et al.(2003),the criterion BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion) is applied to selecting a suitable model from six normal and lognormal error structured SR statisti-cal models,the age-structured model is used to calculate the biological reference points(BRPs),and the precision of the SR parame-ters and BRPs are calculated using bootstrap method. The results indicate that the anchovy fishery resource in the Yellow Sea is in an over-fished state. The precaution management principle requires that the fishery should be closed immediately.
文摘This paper aimed at incorporating the precautionary principles into the planning and development of GSM （global system for mobile communications） masts within the built-up areas of Jimeta. Using GIS （geographic information system） analysis technique, the zone of precautionary principle was defined to 500 meters radius as the zone within which precautionary measures are exercised. The criteria for siting GSM base station are also equally identified. For instance, the presence of certain elements within the precautionary zone like schools, hospitals, residential density and overlap of RF （radio frequency） occurrences, may disqualify any mast location. Analysis of the land use within precautionary zone has shown various proportions of exposure to RF, whereas, only 3.39% of the masts are suitably located and 94.92% are not and therefore should be relocated. The study recommend measures for addressing physical development within precautionary areas, including land conversion and mast sharing to reduce potential harmful effects of RF emanating from GSM base stations.
文摘Academics have yet to agree on the effectiveness of the precautionary saving theory in explaining Chinese households’saving behavior.With the Wenchuan megaearthquake of 2008 as an uncertain event to overcome the endogeneity problem of income volatility,this paper puts forward a brand-new hypothesis that"an earthquake influences household saving rate through its effects on expected income and the variance of expected income."Then,we employ propensity score matching-difference-in-differences(PSMDID)method,the systematic GMM methods,the synthetic control method,together with instrumental variable method,for an analysis of Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)and inter-provincial data at the micro and macro levels,respectively.We find that the Wenchuan mega-earthquake was followed by an increase in the variance of household expected income in Sichuan and a significant rise in the household saving rate.Second,social protection is negatively correlated with expected income,and has a significant substitutive relationship with saving rate.This finding indirectly proves that the earthquake’s impact on the household saving rate is subject to the variance of expected income,shedding light on how the precautionary saving motivation works in the real world.
文摘This paper analyzes the impact of health insurance on household portfolio choice. Using the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finance and Health Retirement Survey databases, it finds that insured households are more likely to own stocks and invest a larger proportion of financial assets in stocks than uninsured households do. The results remain strong even after controlling for household characteristics and reverse causality. Furthel, the results are robust across different survey years and data sources. It suggests that a precautionary motive is strong in household portfolio choice decisions.
文摘The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to overcome this gap. In a practical example in the watershed of the Danube River and its contributing streams in Germany,we aimed to solve questions about the value of participatory modeling as a method to bridge the gap linked to flood polder planning and a relocation of a dike for protection against high floods(centennial floods and rarer). Local communities, citizen initiatives, and nongovernmental environmental organizations joined together for round table discussions initiated by the water management authorities. A participatory modeling process enabled these diverse stakeholders to engage with the experts who built the groundwater models for the planning process. As part of this study, two case studies are presented. In the first example, neutral mediators assisted the round table ‘‘Flood Polder Katzau(Danube)'' in order to cultivate mutual trust and understanding between the authorities and the former opponents of the project. This process is still ongoing,challenged by long-term planning and the more immediate obstacle of current political changes. The second case studyis located on the river Alz, a tributary of the river Inn,which flows into the Danube, where the relocation of a dike was planned. This article demonstrates how participatory modeling contributes to bridging the gap between a local resident's risk perception and real action in the case of flood preparedness.
文摘We are living in a risk society where people devised the Precautionary Principle in order to minimize the harm caused by risk ex ante. Compared to the previous Food Hygiene Law （FHL） and the 2009 Food Safety Law, the 2015 revised Chinese Food Safety Law （FSL） made a real breakthrough in the sense that it legitimates an important principle in food safety governance. Apart from laying down the fundamental importance of this principle in food safety regulations, the FSL 2015 also invented arrangements from different aspects in order to implement this principle. In other words, the FSL 2015＇s incorporation of the Precautionary Principle in a very real sense marked a transition from a demonstrative preventive food safety management regime to a more effective precautionary regime. However, the Precautionary Principle needs to be adopted in a ＂precautionary＂ way since this principle has its own limitations and defects. Incautious application of the principle may create new risks. This article compares the European approach in implementing the Precautionary Principle, and examines China＇s legal arrangements against negative impacts brought by the Precautionary Principle. Three perspectives are discussed： independence of scientific institutes; proportionality in risk management measures, and the shift of burden of proof for market authorization.
基金Supported by the College Excellent Young Talents Program of Anhui(gxyq2017243)the College Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department(KJ2017A851)
文摘This paper deals with the effort problem under multiple risks in bivariate utility setting. We identify preference conditions to insure positive or negative effect of a background variable uncertainty on effort in the presence of other risks. We allow for the simultaneous presence of wealth and background variable uncertainties. We investigate the joint effect of two-source uncertainties on effort when two risks are either small or positive quadrant dependent. Our work extends the previous model of effort to bivariate utility framework and presents new insights into the issue of optimal effort under uncertainty.
基金Dr.Xu and Dr.Feng contributed equally to this work.Dr.Xu's work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71704052 and 72074072)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2018JJ3263)+5 种基金the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(18B334)Dr.Feng's work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71802166)the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(20YJC630055)Dr.Li's work was partially supported by the LamWoo Research Fund(LWI20005)Faculty Research Grant(DB20A3 and DB21A7)Direct Grant(DR21B3).
文摘This study investigates the mediation effects of online public attention on the relationship between air pollution and precautionary behavior based on a merged real-world data set that includes daily air quality,Internet search and media indices,social media discussions,and product purchases.Using a Bayesian structural equation modeling approach,we show that online public attention to air pollution increases when air pollution increases,and such attention is captured by more media reports,social media discussions,and Internet searches.A comprehensive relationship involving direct and indirect effects between air pollution and precautionary behavior is established.Air pollution has a positive effect on proactive defensive behaviors,reflected in increased purchases of preventive products,and this effect is partially mediated by online media coverage and the public's Internet searches.Air pollution also motivates passive defensive behaviors,reflected in decreased purchases of outdoor sports products,and this effect is partially mediated by social media coverage.These results suggest that governments could improve the quality of policy making by considering the different roles of various forms of online public attention in the public's risk perceptions of and reactions to air pollution.
文摘Intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)significantly hampers patient recovery and increases morbidity.With the absence of established preventive strategies,this study utilizes advanced machine learning methodologies to unearth key predictors of ICU-AW.Employing a sophisticated multilayer perceptron neural network,the research methodically assesses the predictive power for ICU-AW,pinpointing the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation as pivotal risk factors.The findings advocate for minimizing these elements as a preventive approach,offering a novel perspective on combating ICU-AW.This research illuminates critical risk factors and lays the groundwork for future explorations into effective prevention and intervention strategies.
基金Projects(51308273,41372307,41272326)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20090211110016)supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(2010(A)06-b)supported by Science and Technology Fund of Yunan Provincial Communication Department,China
文摘Based on some assumptions,the dynamic governing equation of anchorage system is established.The calculation formula of natural frequency and the corresponding vibration mode are deduced.Besides,the feasibility of the theoretical method is verified by using a specific example combined with other methods.It is found that the low-order natural frequency corresponds to the first mode of vibration,and the high-order natural frequency corresponds to the second mode of vibration,while the third mode happens only when the physical and mechanical parameters of anchorage system meet certain conditions.With the increasing of the order of natural frequency,the influence on the dynamic mechanical response of anchorage system decreases gradually.Additionally,a calculating method,which can find the dangerous area of anchorage engineering in different construction sites and avoid the unreasonable design of anchor that may cause resonance,is proposed to meet the seismic precautionary requirements.This method is verified to be feasible and effective by being applied to an actual project.The study of basic dynamic features of anchorage system can provide a theoretical guidance for anchor seismic design and fast evaluation of anchor design scheme.
文摘With the rapid development of the computer network technologies, in the application of the computer networks, the importance of the network security is becoming increasingly prominent, and computer network security issues have received more and more attention of the communities. In the face of the problems of the security hidden trouble in the computer network, it is essential to take the relevant measures to ensure the safety of the computer network. With the computer network security as the breakthrough point, this paper discusses the precautionary measures of the computer network security based on the analysis of the computer network security, in order to illustrate the importance of the computer network security, to provide references for ensuring the security of the computer network.
基金the support of School of Humanities and Law of Northeast Forestry University in China
文摘The protection of public health is one of the legislative purposes of China’s environmental legal system.Article 39 of the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes an environmental and health risk assessment system.The health risk assessment system has biases in understanding,and it fails to face up to the functional transformation from the ex-post relief of environmental damage to the pre-prevention prevention of health risks in the environmental legal system;lack of a complete environmental and health legal system,unclear environmental and health risk assessment framework,and unclear environmental and health risk assessment frameworks.Health risk management capabilities need to be improved,there is a lack of specialized environmental and health risk assessment institutions,and there is a lack of supporting risk assessment technical standard system construction.It is necessary to combine practical experience with China’s national conditions and actual needs,construct an environmental health risk assessment system with Chinese characteristics from both the entity and the procedure,strengthen legislative support,and improve my country’s environmental and health laws on the basis of objective and scientific protection of the assessment process.Institutional system,establish a national environmental health risk assessment expert committee as soon as possible,improve my country’s environmental and health risk assessment framework,strengthen environmental and health management capacity building,improve the environmental and health risk assessment technical system,and promote the development of China’s environmental and health risk assessment system develop and give play to the institutional mission of safeguarding public health.
文摘Objective: to analyze and explore the potential nursing risks and preventive measures in the nursing work of neurology department. Methods: 100 patients admitted to our department of neurology were selected as the main targets of this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: The observation group and the control group. The control group used ordinary nursing methods. On the premise of ordinary care, the patients in the observation group, coupled with analysis and neurological assessment of existing or potential unstable elements, focused on exploring the characteristics of patients in the department of neurology, targeted preventive measures, and then analyzed the statistics of the number of risk or unsafe events during hospitalization. Results: the number of accidents caused by patients in the observation group was significantly less than that of patients in the control group. The patients in the observation group carried out targeted assessment in the face of the existing or potential risk factors, and truly and efficiently used active prevention methods, effectively avoided unstable factors in essence, prevented nursing accidents, ensured the efficient completion of nursing work, and ensured the life safety of patients. Conclusion: in the face of the potential nursing risks in the neurology department, a targeted prediction is made, corresponding prevention measures are given, and prevention measures are given. In the nursing work, the nursing staff should have professional and detailed professional spirit, reflect more humanistic care, and be able to provide effective guarantee for the safety of patients and their families, and eliminate the occurrence of potential safety hazards. Such nursing measures are worthy of wide use in clinical practice and great promotion.
文摘Objective: to explore the role of preventive care in childrens health care. Methods: a total of 100 children were randomly selected from the childrens outpatient department of our hospital from May to November 2020. They were randomly divided into two groups with 50 children in each group. The control group was treated with routine treatment, while the control group was treated with preventive treatment, and nurses were given care (including nurses quality, satisfaction, childrens mentality and dangerous accidents). Conclusion: the application of childrens anti-paradigm nursing in childrens nursing can obviously improve childrens family satisfaction, nursing quality and influence on childrens family, and can effectively reduce childrens nursing risk, with good preventive effect.
基金This study was financially supported by the Vietnamese government and Okayama University,Japan.Besides
文摘Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods.Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey;one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province,central Vietnam.The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works’efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities.Households’self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk.While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017,others seem to be lagging.Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages.The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures,which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town’s preservation policy.This multidimensional comparison,in terms of vulnerability,emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives,such as landscape rehabilitation,disaster prevention,and livelihood maintenance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(Research on The Framework of Ethical Governance on Synthetic Biology,2018YFA0902400)and the National Social Science Foundation of China(Research on the Safety and Ethical Issues of Synthetic Biology and Its Countermeasures,18CZX020)。
文摘Synthetic biology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to design and construct new biological systems not found in nature.Whereas synthetic biology may yield tremendous benefits,it may also pose substantial risks to human health and the environment that must be addressed.In this paper,we examined the environmental risks associated with synthetic biology,including changes to or depletion of the environment,competition with native species,horizontal gene transfer,pathogenicity or toxicity,bioterrorism,and laboratory biosecurity.We highlight three approaches for assessing environmental risks in synthetic biology:solution-focused risk assessment,Bayesian networks,and network of networks for sustainable capacity building.An ethical governance framework is proposed to facilitate innovation while minimising risks.This framework emphasises the precautionary principle and balancing stakeholder interests prior to project development and commercialisation.Overall,we underscore the importance and urgency of assessing and managing the environmental risks of synthetic biology to ensure its safe and ethical development and application.
