Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10&...Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10<sup>5</sup> Trypanosoma in normal saline.Five days when a high level of parasiteamia was established treatment commenced until ten days.The mice were treated with 10,20 and 40 mg/kg bt.of the extract and 5 and 10 mg/kg bt.of the fraction（F<sub>2</sub>）,respectively for 5 days.Diminazene acelurate at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg bt.for two days was used as the reference drug.The level of parasitaemia and packed cell volume（PCV） of the animals estimated. Results:At doses of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg the crude extract showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitaemia in mice compared with the untreated group.The mice treated with F,at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitamia to zero in day 9,and a gradual recovery from the 12th day of treatment.This effect is comparable to that of the mice treated with 7 mg/kg of standard drug diminazene aceturate.The PCV of the treated showed a gradual decrease with time,but not as much as the untreated group.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides,alkaloids,carbohydrates,tannins and proteins in the Abrus precatorius powder while F<sub>2</sub> was rich in alkaloids.Conclusions:This study shows that both the extract and the fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds exhibited a promising trypanocidal property.Alkaloids may be responsible for the observed activity.展开更多
Objective:To determine the anti-proliferative activity of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius)leaf extracts and their effect on cell death.Methods:A.precatorius leaves were extracted successively with hexane,ethyl acetate...Objective:To determine the anti-proliferative activity of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius)leaf extracts and their effect on cell death.Methods:A.precatorius leaves were extracted successively with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol by Soxhlet extraction.Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction at 50 ℃.Extracts of A.precatorius leaves were used to treat selected cancer and normal cell lines for72 h.Furthermore,3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine cell viability.Analysis of cell cycle arrest,apoptosis assay and apoptosis protein expressions were determined by flow cytometry.Results:Methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves showed the lowest IC50 on MDA-MB-231 cells at(26.40±5.40)μg/mL.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cell arrest occurred at G0/G1 phase and the apoptosis assay showed the occurrence of early apoptosis at 48 h in MDAMB-231 cells treated with methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves.Methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bax,p53 and caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2.Conclusions:Methanolic extract of A precatorius leaves promotes MDA-MB-231 cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis possibly via the mitochondrial-related pathway.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of extract of Abrus precatorius on blood glucose of alloxan induced albino wistar rals.Methods:Experimental animals received daily oral administration of extract of Abrus precatorius f...Objective:To evaluate the effect of extract of Abrus precatorius on blood glucose of alloxan induced albino wistar rals.Methods:Experimental animals received daily oral administration of extract of Abrus precatorius for 14 days.The effect of 200 mg/kg dose was studied during the treatment period.Results:There was a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration(P 【 0.05) with the mean blood glucose of the different groups as 5.0±0.3 for normal control,7.0±0.4 for diabetic control group and 4.0±0.2 for diabetic treated group. Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest that extract of Abrus precatorius has hypoglycemic effect.展开更多
Objective:To investigate effects of ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves（EAPL） on egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Methods:In present study ethano...Objective:To investigate effects of ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves（EAPL） on egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Methods:In present study ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves（EAPL） at doses of 100,125, 150 mg/kg i.p were evaluated for preliminary phytochemical screening,acute toxicity studies and egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Results:The results of present investigation showed that the LD<sub>50</sub> of EAPL is more than 1300 mg/ kg.EAPL（100-150 mg/kg,i.p.） significantly protect egg albumin induced degranulation of mast cell and inhibit area of leakage of dye in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.Phytochemical studies observed presence of saponin,alkaloids,flavonoids,and glycosides.Conclusions:In conclusion EAPL possesses anti asthmatic potential.展开更多
Calcitonin receptor-like receptor(CRLR)is a human protein,that produces a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor(CGRP)when associates with human receptor activity-modifying protein-1(HRAMP1).CGRP is believed to be i...Calcitonin receptor-like receptor(CRLR)is a human protein,that produces a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor(CGRP)when associates with human receptor activity-modifying protein-1(HRAMP1).CGRP is believed to be involved in triggering of migraine.Many strategies were employed to design antimigraine drug using various CGRP antagonist/ligands but most of them have failed due to their inability to reach the target“CGRP receptor”as they get metabolized before conferring their pharmacological action and exhibit toxic effect to the liver.The present study,evaluated the binding of 13 phyto-chemical compounds of“Abrus precatorius”identified through GCMS analysis against the protein CGRP using“Discovery Studio software”.The molecular docking study and ADME/T properties prediction were performed with the compounds using C-DOCKER module.The results showed that five lead compounds of A.precatorius may act as good inhibitors for migraine headache and the compounds can be re-designed and synthesized for better antimigraine activity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the phytochemical components of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius) and the in-vitro susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae to the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius leaf,seed...Objective:To investigate the phytochemical components of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius) and the in-vitro susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae to the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius leaf,seed and root.Methods:The leaf,seed and root of A.precatorius were collected and homogenized separately after drying at 40℃ for seven days in hot-air oven.The aqueous extracts of each of the parts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening.Dilutions of 400,300,200,100 mg/mL,of each of the extracts were used for broth dilution in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) determination against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae,while 50,40,30,20,and 10 mg/mL dilutions were used for the agar diffusion test and 100 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of gentamycin were used as controls for broth dilution in MIC determination and agar diffusion test,respectively.Results:Qualitative study reveals that tannin,saponins,alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids and phenols were present in all of the plant parts.The leaf has the highest quantities of tannin and phenol.The root generally showed the lowest quantity of all the compounds.The pathogens were susceptible to aqueous extracts of the leaf,stem and root of A.precatorius at 50 mg/mL.At concentrations of 40,30 and 20 mg/mL,all the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius showed variation in MIC,but produced no minimum bactericide effect upon subculture.There were variations in diameter of zone of inhibition against the organisms at lower concentrations.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.precatorius is a valuable source of phytochemicals with promising antibacterial activity.Considering this bioactivity,A.precatorius could be probed further for toxicity,and to obtain some novel antibacterial molecules.展开更多
Crude enzyme extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon under optimized conditions. Proteolytic enzymes were precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 35% (w/v) saturation and assayed f...Crude enzyme extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon under optimized conditions. Proteolytic enzymes were precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 35% (w/v) saturation and assayed for enzyme activity. The effects of temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate specificity were studied. SDS-PAGE was used to determine molecular weight of precipitated protease. Results indicated that proteolytic activity of crude extract was 35.20 U/ml compared to 51.03 U/ml of partial purified extract. The optimum enzyme activity was found to be at 40°C, while 50% of activity was maintained at 60°C after 60 min incubation. Partial purified crude extract exhibited two optimum pH (2.75 and 9.0). The highest enzyme activity towards Bovine Serum Albumine (25.9 U/ml) was noted. SDS-PAGE gels exhibited molecular weight between 40 - 60 KDa. This result confirms that partial purified extract of A. precatorius contains proteases and could be a promising source for proteolytic enzyme extraction.展开更多
Plants are sources of medicinal compounds,and they play a crucial role in human health maintenance.Abrus precatorius is one of the important medicinal plants that have been alleged for their medicinal properties.This ...Plants are sources of medicinal compounds,and they play a crucial role in human health maintenance.Abrus precatorius is one of the important medicinal plants that have been alleged for their medicinal properties.This research unraveled the pharmacological effect of ethanolic extract of Abrus precatorius on lipid peroxidation,liver parameters,and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase activity in HgCl_(2) treated wistar rats.Twenty-four(24)albino wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g were distributed into four groups of 6 animals each.Group A(control)received normal saline(0.9% NaCl),group B received 400 mg/kg of the extract only,group C received 4 mg/kg HgCl_(2) only,and group D received 400 mg/kg of extract+4 mg/kg of HgCl_(2).The treatment lasted for two weeks,and the animals were sacrificed on the 15th day.The blood,brains and livers were collected and used for assay of lipid peroxidation,liver function,and sodium pump activity.The results of liver function test revealed an elevated(P<0.05)level of serum aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bilirubin in the group that received HgCl_(2) only(group C)when compared with the normal control(group A)that received normal saline only.However,the administration of extract in group D led to a marked(P<0.05)reduction in the activities of these enzymes and the level of total bilirubin when compared to the negative control(group C).On the contrary,HgCl_(2) caused a significant(P<0.05)reduction in serum total protein and albumin levels,but the extract reversed the effect of HgCl_(2) by elevating their concentrations.Nonetheless,the effect elicited by this extract is comparable to group A which received normal saline.Moreso,the result of lipid peroxidation revealed that HgCl_(2) treatment caused a marked(P<0.05)increase in the formation of lipid peroxidation adducts in both liver and brain homogenates in group C.On the contrary,administration of Abrus precatorius extract profoundly(P<0.05)inhibited HgCl_(2)-induced lipid peroxidation in group D.In addition,HgCl_(2) inhibited the activity of cerebral Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase,but the extract restored normalcy by increasing the activity of the enzyme in group D.Consequently,the results obtained justify the traditional use of Abrus precatorius and suggest that Abrus precatorius leaves may be used for management of liver diseases,oxidative stress-linked diseases and some neurodegenerative ailments.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10<sup>5</sup> Trypanosoma in normal saline.Five days when a high level of parasiteamia was established treatment commenced until ten days.The mice were treated with 10,20 and 40 mg/kg bt.of the extract and 5 and 10 mg/kg bt.of the fraction（F<sub>2</sub>）,respectively for 5 days.Diminazene acelurate at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg bt.for two days was used as the reference drug.The level of parasitaemia and packed cell volume（PCV） of the animals estimated. Results:At doses of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg the crude extract showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitaemia in mice compared with the untreated group.The mice treated with F,at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitamia to zero in day 9,and a gradual recovery from the 12th day of treatment.This effect is comparable to that of the mice treated with 7 mg/kg of standard drug diminazene aceturate.The PCV of the treated showed a gradual decrease with time,but not as much as the untreated group.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides,alkaloids,carbohydrates,tannins and proteins in the Abrus precatorius powder while F<sub>2</sub> was rich in alkaloids.Conclusions:This study shows that both the extract and the fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds exhibited a promising trypanocidal property.Alkaloids may be responsible for the observed activity.
基金funded by the Universiti Sains Malaysia Short Term Grant(304/PPSP/61313046)
文摘Objective:To determine the anti-proliferative activity of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius)leaf extracts and their effect on cell death.Methods:A.precatorius leaves were extracted successively with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol by Soxhlet extraction.Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction at 50 ℃.Extracts of A.precatorius leaves were used to treat selected cancer and normal cell lines for72 h.Furthermore,3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine cell viability.Analysis of cell cycle arrest,apoptosis assay and apoptosis protein expressions were determined by flow cytometry.Results:Methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves showed the lowest IC50 on MDA-MB-231 cells at(26.40±5.40)μg/mL.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cell arrest occurred at G0/G1 phase and the apoptosis assay showed the occurrence of early apoptosis at 48 h in MDAMB-231 cells treated with methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves.Methanolic extract of A.precatorius leaves induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bax,p53 and caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2.Conclusions:Methanolic extract of A precatorius leaves promotes MDA-MB-231 cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis possibly via the mitochondrial-related pathway.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of extract of Abrus precatorius on blood glucose of alloxan induced albino wistar rals.Methods:Experimental animals received daily oral administration of extract of Abrus precatorius for 14 days.The effect of 200 mg/kg dose was studied during the treatment period.Results:There was a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration(P 【 0.05) with the mean blood glucose of the different groups as 5.0±0.3 for normal control,7.0±0.4 for diabetic control group and 4.0±0.2 for diabetic treated group. Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest that extract of Abrus precatorius has hypoglycemic effect.
文摘Objective:To investigate effects of ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves（EAPL） on egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Methods:In present study ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves（EAPL） at doses of 100,125, 150 mg/kg i.p were evaluated for preliminary phytochemical screening,acute toxicity studies and egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Results:The results of present investigation showed that the LD<sub>50</sub> of EAPL is more than 1300 mg/ kg.EAPL（100-150 mg/kg,i.p.） significantly protect egg albumin induced degranulation of mast cell and inhibit area of leakage of dye in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.Phytochemical studies observed presence of saponin,alkaloids,flavonoids,and glycosides.Conclusions:In conclusion EAPL possesses anti asthmatic potential.
文摘Calcitonin receptor-like receptor(CRLR)is a human protein,that produces a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor(CGRP)when associates with human receptor activity-modifying protein-1(HRAMP1).CGRP is believed to be involved in triggering of migraine.Many strategies were employed to design antimigraine drug using various CGRP antagonist/ligands but most of them have failed due to their inability to reach the target“CGRP receptor”as they get metabolized before conferring their pharmacological action and exhibit toxic effect to the liver.The present study,evaluated the binding of 13 phyto-chemical compounds of“Abrus precatorius”identified through GCMS analysis against the protein CGRP using“Discovery Studio software”.The molecular docking study and ADME/T properties prediction were performed with the compounds using C-DOCKER module.The results showed that five lead compounds of A.precatorius may act as good inhibitors for migraine headache and the compounds can be re-designed and synthesized for better antimigraine activity.
基金Supported by Institutional Based Research grant from the Tertiary Education Trust Fund,Nigeria(TETFUND/KWASU-2014-01)
文摘Objective:To investigate the phytochemical components of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius) and the in-vitro susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae to the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius leaf,seed and root.Methods:The leaf,seed and root of A.precatorius were collected and homogenized separately after drying at 40℃ for seven days in hot-air oven.The aqueous extracts of each of the parts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening.Dilutions of 400,300,200,100 mg/mL,of each of the extracts were used for broth dilution in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) determination against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae,while 50,40,30,20,and 10 mg/mL dilutions were used for the agar diffusion test and 100 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of gentamycin were used as controls for broth dilution in MIC determination and agar diffusion test,respectively.Results:Qualitative study reveals that tannin,saponins,alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids and phenols were present in all of the plant parts.The leaf has the highest quantities of tannin and phenol.The root generally showed the lowest quantity of all the compounds.The pathogens were susceptible to aqueous extracts of the leaf,stem and root of A.precatorius at 50 mg/mL.At concentrations of 40,30 and 20 mg/mL,all the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius showed variation in MIC,but produced no minimum bactericide effect upon subculture.There were variations in diameter of zone of inhibition against the organisms at lower concentrations.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.precatorius is a valuable source of phytochemicals with promising antibacterial activity.Considering this bioactivity,A.precatorius could be probed further for toxicity,and to obtain some novel antibacterial molecules.
文摘Crude enzyme extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon under optimized conditions. Proteolytic enzymes were precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 35% (w/v) saturation and assayed for enzyme activity. The effects of temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate specificity were studied. SDS-PAGE was used to determine molecular weight of precipitated protease. Results indicated that proteolytic activity of crude extract was 35.20 U/ml compared to 51.03 U/ml of partial purified extract. The optimum enzyme activity was found to be at 40°C, while 50% of activity was maintained at 60°C after 60 min incubation. Partial purified crude extract exhibited two optimum pH (2.75 and 9.0). The highest enzyme activity towards Bovine Serum Albumine (25.9 U/ml) was noted. SDS-PAGE gels exhibited molecular weight between 40 - 60 KDa. This result confirms that partial purified extract of A. precatorius contains proteases and could be a promising source for proteolytic enzyme extraction.
文摘Plants are sources of medicinal compounds,and they play a crucial role in human health maintenance.Abrus precatorius is one of the important medicinal plants that have been alleged for their medicinal properties.This research unraveled the pharmacological effect of ethanolic extract of Abrus precatorius on lipid peroxidation,liver parameters,and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase activity in HgCl_(2) treated wistar rats.Twenty-four(24)albino wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g were distributed into four groups of 6 animals each.Group A(control)received normal saline(0.9% NaCl),group B received 400 mg/kg of the extract only,group C received 4 mg/kg HgCl_(2) only,and group D received 400 mg/kg of extract+4 mg/kg of HgCl_(2).The treatment lasted for two weeks,and the animals were sacrificed on the 15th day.The blood,brains and livers were collected and used for assay of lipid peroxidation,liver function,and sodium pump activity.The results of liver function test revealed an elevated(P<0.05)level of serum aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bilirubin in the group that received HgCl_(2) only(group C)when compared with the normal control(group A)that received normal saline only.However,the administration of extract in group D led to a marked(P<0.05)reduction in the activities of these enzymes and the level of total bilirubin when compared to the negative control(group C).On the contrary,HgCl_(2) caused a significant(P<0.05)reduction in serum total protein and albumin levels,but the extract reversed the effect of HgCl_(2) by elevating their concentrations.Nonetheless,the effect elicited by this extract is comparable to group A which received normal saline.Moreso,the result of lipid peroxidation revealed that HgCl_(2) treatment caused a marked(P<0.05)increase in the formation of lipid peroxidation adducts in both liver and brain homogenates in group C.On the contrary,administration of Abrus precatorius extract profoundly(P<0.05)inhibited HgCl_(2)-induced lipid peroxidation in group D.In addition,HgCl_(2) inhibited the activity of cerebral Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase,but the extract restored normalcy by increasing the activity of the enzyme in group D.Consequently,the results obtained justify the traditional use of Abrus precatorius and suggest that Abrus precatorius leaves may be used for management of liver diseases,oxidative stress-linked diseases and some neurodegenerative ailments.
