An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and gra...An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.展开更多
Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span>...Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urtica dioica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria</span> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Micrococcus luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MIC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">values and minimum bactericidal concentrations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose when using </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for</span><b> </b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus,</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results indicated</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose showed a greater level of</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">antibacterial effectiveness than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.展开更多
[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used an...[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（ MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration（ FIC）. [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.展开更多
Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then ...Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then explored the causes, advantages and disadvantages of the change. In view of sustainable development of urban greening, zonal vegetation and fl ora, this paper explored the scientifi c and reasonable application of tree species and also protection of urban plant diversity.展开更多
文摘An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.
文摘Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urtica dioica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria</span> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Micrococcus luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MIC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">values and minimum bactericidal concentrations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose when using </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for</span><b> </b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus,</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results indicated</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose showed a greater level of</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">antibacterial effectiveness than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.
基金Funded by the Student Innovation Project of Southwest University for Nationalities in 2012(201210656017)
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（ MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration（ FIC）. [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.
文摘Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then explored the causes, advantages and disadvantages of the change. In view of sustainable development of urban greening, zonal vegetation and fl ora, this paper explored the scientifi c and reasonable application of tree species and also protection of urban plant diversity.
