Anodic aluminium oxide(AAO)porous films with an interpore distance of several hundred nanometers are of great interest due to their unique interaction with visible and near-infrared light,and high thermal stability up...Anodic aluminium oxide(AAO)porous films with an interpore distance of several hundred nanometers are of great interest due to their unique interaction with visible and near-infrared light,and high thermal stability up to 1500°C.These porous films are prepared by aluminium anodizing at high voltages in weak acids,leading to a slow kinetics of initial stages of porous structure formation.Here,we propose an approach to accelerate AAO formation in electrolytes based on weak acids such as phosphoric acid.Aluminium foils,pre-patterned using first anodizing under different conditions and subsequent selective dissolution of a sacrificial AAO layer,were utilized as substrates.The morphology of the aluminium surface,including surface roughness and height of pyramidal spikes,plays a crucial role in the pore nucleation and rearrangement process during the second anodizing.In particular,by first anodizing in strong acid electrolytes at low voltages(such as 0.3 mol·L^(-1)sulfuric acid at 25 V),it is possible to double the rate of pore nucleation and subsequent reach of the steady-state regime during second anodizing in phosphoric acid.As a result,about 2 hours can be saved during the two-step anodizing process in phosphoric acid if a strong acid electrolyte is used for the first anodizing to pre-pattern aluminium surface.展开更多
The author reviews his pioneering work in aesthetic restoration of the severely disfigured burn face first introduced in 1995 and refined over the past two decades. The reader will be exposed to the step by step appro...The author reviews his pioneering work in aesthetic restoration of the severely disfigured burn face first introduced in 1995 and refined over the past two decades. The reader will be exposed to the step by step approach to achieving cosmetic enhancement and functional rehabilitation of advanced facial burns. The"keystone"of the autogenous reconstruction is the pre-patterned, sculpted microvascular free flap designed to fit like the"piece of a puzzle"into the aesthetic units of the face to replace disfiguring burn scars. Aggressive intraoperative"sculpting"is employed both"in situ"at the donor site and during the flap transfer to simulate the normal facial contours and planes. Comparisons of the author's approach are made to the whole spectrum of reconstructive modalities ranging from conventional grafting to expanded pre-fabricated flaps and even to CTA face transplants;advantages/disadvantages of each are discussed. The pre-patterned, sculpted microvascular (MV) free flap offers the benefit of a single-stage transfer of composite skin/soft tissue hiding the seams at the junction of facial planes. When harvested from distant donor sites, the donor deformities can easily be concealed. The MV free tissue transfer offers the substrate that can be sculpted into nuanced facial components as well as the"palette"upon which the face can be painted with creative camouflage makeup. The soft contour and texture of the autogenous patterned transfers translates into a"natural"facial appearance while preserving fluid motions of facial expression.展开更多
基金Russian Science Foundation(Grant Number 25-29-00323)。
文摘Anodic aluminium oxide(AAO)porous films with an interpore distance of several hundred nanometers are of great interest due to their unique interaction with visible and near-infrared light,and high thermal stability up to 1500°C.These porous films are prepared by aluminium anodizing at high voltages in weak acids,leading to a slow kinetics of initial stages of porous structure formation.Here,we propose an approach to accelerate AAO formation in electrolytes based on weak acids such as phosphoric acid.Aluminium foils,pre-patterned using first anodizing under different conditions and subsequent selective dissolution of a sacrificial AAO layer,were utilized as substrates.The morphology of the aluminium surface,including surface roughness and height of pyramidal spikes,plays a crucial role in the pore nucleation and rearrangement process during the second anodizing.In particular,by first anodizing in strong acid electrolytes at low voltages(such as 0.3 mol·L^(-1)sulfuric acid at 25 V),it is possible to double the rate of pore nucleation and subsequent reach of the steady-state regime during second anodizing in phosphoric acid.As a result,about 2 hours can be saved during the two-step anodizing process in phosphoric acid if a strong acid electrolyte is used for the first anodizing to pre-pattern aluminium surface.
文摘The author reviews his pioneering work in aesthetic restoration of the severely disfigured burn face first introduced in 1995 and refined over the past two decades. The reader will be exposed to the step by step approach to achieving cosmetic enhancement and functional rehabilitation of advanced facial burns. The"keystone"of the autogenous reconstruction is the pre-patterned, sculpted microvascular free flap designed to fit like the"piece of a puzzle"into the aesthetic units of the face to replace disfiguring burn scars. Aggressive intraoperative"sculpting"is employed both"in situ"at the donor site and during the flap transfer to simulate the normal facial contours and planes. Comparisons of the author's approach are made to the whole spectrum of reconstructive modalities ranging from conventional grafting to expanded pre-fabricated flaps and even to CTA face transplants;advantages/disadvantages of each are discussed. The pre-patterned, sculpted microvascular (MV) free flap offers the benefit of a single-stage transfer of composite skin/soft tissue hiding the seams at the junction of facial planes. When harvested from distant donor sites, the donor deformities can easily be concealed. The MV free tissue transfer offers the substrate that can be sculpted into nuanced facial components as well as the"palette"upon which the face can be painted with creative camouflage makeup. The soft contour and texture of the autogenous patterned transfers translates into a"natural"facial appearance while preserving fluid motions of facial expression.
