Pre-lithiation methods address the challenges of low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and reduced energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by adding additional lithium sources to compensate for initial irreversibl...Pre-lithiation methods address the challenges of low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and reduced energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by adding additional lithium sources to compensate for initial irreversible Li+losses.The direct contact pre-lithiation(DC-Pr)method has garnered extensive attention due to its simplicity,convenience as well as significant effects on the improved cycling durability.Considering the most important factors,i.e.,effectiveness and uniformity,this review focuses on the anode DC-Pr method for LIBs with the lithium sources from Li foil,stabilized lithium metal powder(SLMP),lithium-rich alloys,and physical vapor deposition of lithium metal.After summarizations and discussions,the review overviews the challenges and prospects for DC-Pr methods,aiming to provide guidance for the construction and developments of practical LIBs.展开更多
Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-li...Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is reshaping financial systems and services,as intelligent AI agents increasingly form the foundation of autonomous,goal-driven systems capable of reasoning,learning,and action.This review s...Artificial intelligence(AI)is reshaping financial systems and services,as intelligent AI agents increasingly form the foundation of autonomous,goal-driven systems capable of reasoning,learning,and action.This review synthesizes recent research and developments in the application of AI agents across core financial domains.Specifically,it covers the deployment of agent-based AI in algorithmic trading,fraud detection,credit risk assessment,roboadvisory,and regulatory compliance(RegTech).The review focuses on advanced agent-based methodologies,including reinforcement learning,multi-agent systems,and autonomous decision-making frameworks,particularly those leveraging large language models(LLMs),contrasting these with traditional AI or purely statistical models.Our primary goals are to consolidate current knowledge,identify significant trends and architectural approaches,review the practical efficiency and impact of current applications,and delineate key challenges and promising future research directions.The increasing sophistication of AI agents offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation in finance,yet presents complex technical,ethical,and regulatory challenges that demand careful consideration and proactive strategies.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this rapidly evolving landscape,highlighting the role of agent-based AI in the ongoing transformation of the financial industry,and is intended to serve financial institutions,regulators,investors,analysts,researchers,and other key stakeholders in the financial ecosystem.展开更多
Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may po...Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.展开更多
Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)remain a persistent hazard in many parts of the world,necessitating a deeper exploration of their chemical and physical characteristics and reactions under diverse conditions.Diisopropyl m...Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)remain a persistent hazard in many parts of the world,necessitating a deeper exploration of their chemical and physical characteristics and reactions under diverse conditions.Diisopropyl methylphosphonate(DIMP),a commonly used CWA surrogate,is widely studied to enhance our understanding of CWA behavior.The prevailing thermal decomposition model for DIMP,developed approximately 25 years ago,is based on data collected in nitrogen atmospheres at temperatures ranging from 700 K to 800 K.Despite its limitations,this model continues to serve as a foundation for research across various thermal and reactive environments,including combustion studies.Our recent experiments have extended the scope of decomposition analysis by examining DIMP in both nitrogen and zero air across a lower temperature range of 175??C to 250??C.Infrared spectroscopy results under nitrogen align well with the established model;however,we observed that catalytic effects,stemming from decomposition byproducts and interactions with stainless steel surfaces,alter the reaction kinetics.In zero air environments,we observed a novel infrared absorption band.Spectral fitting suggests this band may represent a combination of propanal and acetone,while GCMS analysis points to vinyl formate and acetone as possible constituents.Although the precise identity of these new products remains unresolved,our findings clearly indicate that the existing decomposition model cannot be reliably extended to lower temperatures or non-nitrogen environments without further revisions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease.Cumulative evidence indicates that excess hydrogen peroxide,a potent neutrophilic chemotactic agent,produced by colonic epithel...BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease.Cumulative evidence indicates that excess hydrogen peroxide,a potent neutrophilic chemotactic agent,produced by colonic epithelial cells has a causal role leading to infiltration of neutrophils into the colonic mucosa and subsequent development of UC.This evidence-based mechanism identifies hydrogen peroxide as a therapeutic target for reducing agents in the treatment of UC.CASE SUMMARY Presented is a 41-year-old female with a 26-year history of refractory UC.Having developed steroid dependence and never achieving complete remission on treatment by conventional and advanced therapies,she began treatment with oral R-dihydrolipoic acid(RDLA),a lipid-soluble reducing agent with intracellular site of action.Within a week,rectal bleeding ceased.She was asymptomatic for three years until a highly stressful experience,when she noticed blood in her stool.RDLA was discontinued,and she began treatment with oral sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate(STS),a reducing agent with extracellular site of action.After a week,rectal bleeding ceased,and she resumed oral RDLA and discontinued STS.To date,she remains asymptomatic with normal stool calprotectin while on RDLA.CONCLUSION STS and RDLA are reducing agents that serve as highly effective and safe therapy for the induction and maintenance of remission in UC,even in patients refractory or poorly controlled by conventional and advanced therapies.Should preliminary findings be validated by subsequent clinical trials,the use of reducing agents could potentially prevent thousands of colectomies and represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of UC.展开更多
Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial ...Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle life.Thus,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle life.Pre-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles.Various strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing process.Alternative to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing process.In this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion batteries.This review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial exploration.The most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.展开更多
Developing single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes is an effective strategy to improve the safety and cycle life of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the easy-to-loss of Li and O in high-temperature lithiation results in uns...Developing single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes is an effective strategy to improve the safety and cycle life of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the easy-to-loss of Li and O in high-temperature lithiation results in unsatisfactory ordered layered structure and stoichiometry.Herein,we demonstrate the synthesis of highly-ordered and fully-stoichiometric single-crystalline LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)cathodes by the regulation of pre-lithiation kinetics.The well-balanced pre-lithiation kinetics have been proved to greatly improve the proportion of layered phase in the intermediate by inhibiting the formation of metastable spinel phase,which promoted the rapid transformation of the intermediate into highly-ordered layered SC-NCM83 in the subsequent lithiation process.After coating a layer of Li_(2)O–B_(2)O_(3),the resultant cathodes deliver superior cycling stability with 90.9%capacity retention at 1C after 300 cycles in pouch-type full batteries.The enhancement mechanism has also been clarified.These findings exhibit fundamental insights into the pre-lithiation kinetics process for guiding the synthesis of high-quality singlecrystalline Ni-rich cathodes.展开更多
Similar to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),during the first charge/discharge process of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),lithium-intercalated anodes(e.g.,silicon,graphite,and hard carbon)also exhibit irreversible lithium inte...Similar to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),during the first charge/discharge process of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),lithium-intercalated anodes(e.g.,silicon,graphite,and hard carbon)also exhibit irreversible lithium intercalation behaviors,such as the formation of a solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which will consume Li^(+)in the electrolyte and significantly reduce the electrochemical performance of the system.Therefore,pre-lithiation is an indispensable procedure for LICs.At present,commercial LICs mostly use lithium metal as the lithium source to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss,which has the demerits of operational complexity and danger.However,the pre-lithiation strategy based on cathode sacrificial lithium salts(CSLSs)has been proposed,which has the advantages of low cost,simple operation,environmental protection,and safety.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of the application of CSLSs to LICs.In this review,the important roles of pre-lithiation in LICs are detailed,and different pre-lithiation methods are reviewed and compared systematically and comprehensively.After that,we systematically discuss the pre-lithiation strategies based on CSLSs and mainly introduce the lithium extraction mechanism of CSLSs and the influence of intrinsic characteristics and doping amount of CSLSs on LICs performance.In addition,a summary and outlook are conducted,aiming to provide the essential basic knowledge and guidance for developing a new pre-lithiation technology.展开更多
A commentary on pressure-induced pre-lithiation towards Si anodes in allsolid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)using sulfide electrolytes(SEs)is presented.First,feasible pre-lithiation technologies for Si anodes in SE-b...A commentary on pressure-induced pre-lithiation towards Si anodes in allsolid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)using sulfide electrolytes(SEs)is presented.First,feasible pre-lithiation technologies for Si anodes in SE-based ASSLIBs especially the significant pressure-induced pre-lithiation strategies are briefly reviewed.Then,a recent achievement by Meng et al.in this field is elaborated in detail.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.展开更多
Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pinea...Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.展开更多
基金sponsored by the financial support from Shanghai Oriental Talent ProgramOn-campus Scene Verification Project of Tongji University(kh0170020242359)+4 种基金Shanghai Research Institute of China Shenhua Coal-to-Liquids Chemical Co.,LtdNational Natural Science Foundation of China(52307249)the National Science Foundation of Shanghai Province(23ZR1465900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Tongji University(PA2022000668,22120220426)the Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence&New Energy of Tongji University(TPD-TC202211-02,20212CCH_(4)5004)。
文摘Pre-lithiation methods address the challenges of low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and reduced energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by adding additional lithium sources to compensate for initial irreversible Li+losses.The direct contact pre-lithiation(DC-Pr)method has garnered extensive attention due to its simplicity,convenience as well as significant effects on the improved cycling durability.Considering the most important factors,i.e.,effectiveness and uniformity,this review focuses on the anode DC-Pr method for LIBs with the lithium sources from Li foil,stabilized lithium metal powder(SLMP),lithium-rich alloys,and physical vapor deposition of lithium metal.After summarizations and discussions,the review overviews the challenges and prospects for DC-Pr methods,aiming to provide guidance for the construction and developments of practical LIBs.
基金Huaiyu Shao acknowledges the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Plan Project(Category C)(Grant No.SGDX20220530111004028)the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)for funding(FDCT No.0013/2024/RIB1,FDCT-MOST joint project No.0026/2022/AMJ and No.006/2022/ALC of the Macao Centre for Research and Development in Advanced Materials[2022–2024])+2 种基金the Multi-Year Research Grant(MYRG)from University of Macao(project No.MYRG-GRG2023-00140-IAPME-UMDF and No.MYRG-GRG2024-00206-IAPME)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023A1515010765)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2023A0505030001)。
文摘Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of North Macedonia through the project“Utilizing AI and National Large Language Models to Advance Macedonian Language Capabilties”。
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is reshaping financial systems and services,as intelligent AI agents increasingly form the foundation of autonomous,goal-driven systems capable of reasoning,learning,and action.This review synthesizes recent research and developments in the application of AI agents across core financial domains.Specifically,it covers the deployment of agent-based AI in algorithmic trading,fraud detection,credit risk assessment,roboadvisory,and regulatory compliance(RegTech).The review focuses on advanced agent-based methodologies,including reinforcement learning,multi-agent systems,and autonomous decision-making frameworks,particularly those leveraging large language models(LLMs),contrasting these with traditional AI or purely statistical models.Our primary goals are to consolidate current knowledge,identify significant trends and architectural approaches,review the practical efficiency and impact of current applications,and delineate key challenges and promising future research directions.The increasing sophistication of AI agents offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation in finance,yet presents complex technical,ethical,and regulatory challenges that demand careful consideration and proactive strategies.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this rapidly evolving landscape,highlighting the role of agent-based AI in the ongoing transformation of the financial industry,and is intended to serve financial institutions,regulators,investors,analysts,researchers,and other key stakeholders in the financial ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021.
文摘Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.
基金sponsored by the Department of Defense,Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the Materials Science in Extreme Environments University Research Alliance,HDTRA1-20-2-0001。
文摘Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)remain a persistent hazard in many parts of the world,necessitating a deeper exploration of their chemical and physical characteristics and reactions under diverse conditions.Diisopropyl methylphosphonate(DIMP),a commonly used CWA surrogate,is widely studied to enhance our understanding of CWA behavior.The prevailing thermal decomposition model for DIMP,developed approximately 25 years ago,is based on data collected in nitrogen atmospheres at temperatures ranging from 700 K to 800 K.Despite its limitations,this model continues to serve as a foundation for research across various thermal and reactive environments,including combustion studies.Our recent experiments have extended the scope of decomposition analysis by examining DIMP in both nitrogen and zero air across a lower temperature range of 175??C to 250??C.Infrared spectroscopy results under nitrogen align well with the established model;however,we observed that catalytic effects,stemming from decomposition byproducts and interactions with stainless steel surfaces,alter the reaction kinetics.In zero air environments,we observed a novel infrared absorption band.Spectral fitting suggests this band may represent a combination of propanal and acetone,while GCMS analysis points to vinyl formate and acetone as possible constituents.Although the precise identity of these new products remains unresolved,our findings clearly indicate that the existing decomposition model cannot be reliably extended to lower temperatures or non-nitrogen environments without further revisions.
文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease.Cumulative evidence indicates that excess hydrogen peroxide,a potent neutrophilic chemotactic agent,produced by colonic epithelial cells has a causal role leading to infiltration of neutrophils into the colonic mucosa and subsequent development of UC.This evidence-based mechanism identifies hydrogen peroxide as a therapeutic target for reducing agents in the treatment of UC.CASE SUMMARY Presented is a 41-year-old female with a 26-year history of refractory UC.Having developed steroid dependence and never achieving complete remission on treatment by conventional and advanced therapies,she began treatment with oral R-dihydrolipoic acid(RDLA),a lipid-soluble reducing agent with intracellular site of action.Within a week,rectal bleeding ceased.She was asymptomatic for three years until a highly stressful experience,when she noticed blood in her stool.RDLA was discontinued,and she began treatment with oral sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate(STS),a reducing agent with extracellular site of action.After a week,rectal bleeding ceased,and she resumed oral RDLA and discontinued STS.To date,she remains asymptomatic with normal stool calprotectin while on RDLA.CONCLUSION STS and RDLA are reducing agents that serve as highly effective and safe therapy for the induction and maintenance of remission in UC,even in patients refractory or poorly controlled by conventional and advanced therapies.Should preliminary findings be validated by subsequent clinical trials,the use of reducing agents could potentially prevent thousands of colectomies and represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of UC.
基金the support of the Deputyship for Research and Innovation-Ministry of Education,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,for this research through a grant(NU/IFC/INT/01/002)under the Institutional Funding Committee at Najran University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabiathe support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Brain Pool program(2021H1D3A2A02039346)。
文摘Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle life.Thus,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle life.Pre-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles.Various strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing process.Alternative to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing process.In this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion batteries.This review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial exploration.The most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975074,91834301)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissionthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Developing single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes is an effective strategy to improve the safety and cycle life of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the easy-to-loss of Li and O in high-temperature lithiation results in unsatisfactory ordered layered structure and stoichiometry.Herein,we demonstrate the synthesis of highly-ordered and fully-stoichiometric single-crystalline LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)cathodes by the regulation of pre-lithiation kinetics.The well-balanced pre-lithiation kinetics have been proved to greatly improve the proportion of layered phase in the intermediate by inhibiting the formation of metastable spinel phase,which promoted the rapid transformation of the intermediate into highly-ordered layered SC-NCM83 in the subsequent lithiation process.After coating a layer of Li_(2)O–B_(2)O_(3),the resultant cathodes deliver superior cycling stability with 90.9%capacity retention at 1C after 300 cycles in pouch-type full batteries.The enhancement mechanism has also been clarified.These findings exhibit fundamental insights into the pre-lithiation kinetics process for guiding the synthesis of high-quality singlecrystalline Ni-rich cathodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 22005318,22075303]the Western Young Scholars Foundations of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing(AMGM2022A02)the Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province[Project No.21JR7RA092].
文摘Similar to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),during the first charge/discharge process of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),lithium-intercalated anodes(e.g.,silicon,graphite,and hard carbon)also exhibit irreversible lithium intercalation behaviors,such as the formation of a solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which will consume Li^(+)in the electrolyte and significantly reduce the electrochemical performance of the system.Therefore,pre-lithiation is an indispensable procedure for LICs.At present,commercial LICs mostly use lithium metal as the lithium source to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss,which has the demerits of operational complexity and danger.However,the pre-lithiation strategy based on cathode sacrificial lithium salts(CSLSs)has been proposed,which has the advantages of low cost,simple operation,environmental protection,and safety.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of the application of CSLSs to LICs.In this review,the important roles of pre-lithiation in LICs are detailed,and different pre-lithiation methods are reviewed and compared systematically and comprehensively.After that,we systematically discuss the pre-lithiation strategies based on CSLSs and mainly introduce the lithium extraction mechanism of CSLSs and the influence of intrinsic characteristics and doping amount of CSLSs on LICs performance.In addition,a summary and outlook are conducted,aiming to provide the essential basic knowledge and guidance for developing a new pre-lithiation technology.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072136,52272201,52172229,51972257)Yanchang Petroleum-WHUT Joint Program(yc-whlg-2022ky-05)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(104972024RSCrc0006)for financial support.
文摘A commentary on pressure-induced pre-lithiation towards Si anodes in allsolid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)using sulfide electrolytes(SEs)is presented.First,feasible pre-lithiation technologies for Si anodes in SE-based ASSLIBs especially the significant pressure-induced pre-lithiation strategies are briefly reviewed.Then,a recent achievement by Meng et al.in this field is elaborated in detail.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K11823 to AH and JP22J01508 to KW。
文摘Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.
