The teaching of Chinese grammar as a foreign language is aimed at enabling foreigners to master the basic Chinese vocabulary,sentences and sentence organization rules so as to improve the language ability of foreigner...The teaching of Chinese grammar as a foreign language is aimed at enabling foreigners to master the basic Chinese vocabulary,sentences and sentence organization rules so as to improve the language ability of foreigners to communicate in Chinese.It can be seen that the ultimate goal of teaching Chinese as a foreign language is to realize language communication in real life,so the practical principle in teaching is of great criticality.This article briefly introduces the relevant overview of the practical principles of Chinese grammar teaching at first,then implements analysis of practical principles in several aspects,hoping to provide reference for relevant teachers.展开更多
In the pre-biologic era,immunomodulators such as azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine,and methotrexate(MTX)were widely used as first-line maintenance therapies in Crohn’s disease.However,in the current era shaped by biologi...In the pre-biologic era,immunomodulators such as azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine,and methotrexate(MTX)were widely used as first-line maintenance therapies in Crohn’s disease.However,in the current era shaped by biologics,their role has shifted toward adjunctive use,primarily in combination with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents to reduce immunogenicity.Amid growing concerns about thiopurine-associated risks,MTX is receiving renewed attention for its favorable safety profile;however,this agent remains inconsistently utilized in gastroenterology despite its frontline status in rheumatology.This discrepancy was highlighted in a recent nationwide survey by Bonnaud et al published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which offers timely insights into MTX prescribing behaviors among French gastroenterologists.Although 71%of respondents reported using MTX,primarily via subcutaneous injection,it is still perceived as a secondary choice after thiopurines.Importantly,this underuse appears to be driven more by clinical inertia and limited guidance rather than by lack of efficacy or safety concerns.Clinicians increasingly recognize the value of MTX,particularly in patients with joint involvement,Epstein-Barr virus negativity,or increased malignancy risk.Notably,even non-prescribers viewed the drug favorably,suggesting that usage barriers may be modifiable.In light of evolving treatment goals that prioritize safety,cost-effectiveness,and individualized care,this editorial argues that MTX should no longer be viewed as a fallback but as a strategic first-line option in well-defined high-risk populations.The survey underscores a persistent gap between guidelines and real-world practice,reinforcing the urgent need for clearer algorithms and education to support the repositioning of MTX in modern Crohn’s disease management.展开更多
Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with f...Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with frequent occur rence of major natural disasters.Especially since the 21st century,natural disasters。展开更多
Black soils represent only one-sixth of the global arable land area but play an important role in maintaining world food security due to their high fertility and gigantic potential for food production.With the ongoing...Black soils represent only one-sixth of the global arable land area but play an important role in maintaining world food security due to their high fertility and gigantic potential for food production.With the ongoing intensification of agricultural practices and negative natural factors,black soils are confronting enhanced degradation.The holistic overview of black soil degradation and the underlying mechanisms for soil health improvement will be key for agricultural sustainability and food security.In this review,the current status and driving factors of soil degradation in the four major black soil regions of the world are summarized,and effective measures for black soil conservation are proposed.The Northeast Plain of China is the research hotspot with 41.5%of the published studies related to black soil degradation,despite its relatively short history of agricultural reclamation,followed by the East European Plain(28.3%),the Great Plains of North America(20.7%),and the Pampas of South American(7.9%).Among the main types of soil degradation,soil erosion and soil fertility decline(especially organic matter loss)have been reported as the most common problems,with 27.6%and 39.4%of the published studies,respectively.In addition to the natural influences of climate and topography,human activities have been reported to have great influences on the degradation of black soils globally.Unsustainable farming practices and excess in agrochemical applications are common factors reported to accelerate the degradation process and threaten the sustainable use of black soils.Global efforts for black soil conservation and utilization should focus on standardizing evaluation criteria including real-time monitoring and the measures of prevention and restoration for sustainable management.International cooperation in technology and policy is crucial for overcoming the challenges and thus achieving the protection,sustainable use,and management of global black soil resources.展开更多
Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in ...Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
Fast and accurate transient stability analysis is crucial to power system operation.With high penetration level of wind power resources,practical dynamic security region(PDSR)with hyper plane expression has outstandin...Fast and accurate transient stability analysis is crucial to power system operation.With high penetration level of wind power resources,practical dynamic security region(PDSR)with hyper plane expression has outstanding advantages in situational awareness and series of optimization problems.The precondition of obtaining accurate PDSR boundary is to locate sufficient points around the boundary(critical points).Therefore,this paper proposes a space division and Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gra-dient penalty(WGAN-GP)based fast generation method of PDSR boundary.First,the typical differential topological characterizations of dynamic security region(DSR)provide strong theoretical foundation that the interior of DSR is hole-free and the boundaries of DSR are tight and knot-free.Then,the space division method is proposed to calculate critical operation area where the PDSR boundary is located,tremen-dously compressing the search space to locate critical points and improving the confidence level of boundary fitting result.Furthermore,the WGAN-GP model is utilized to fast obtain large number of criti-cal points based on learning the data distribution of the small training set aforementioned.Finally,the PDSR boundary with hyperplanes is fitted by the least square method.The case study is tested on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)39-bus system and the results verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have ...BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligen...Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.展开更多
The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabete...The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.展开更多
Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characterist...Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.展开更多
Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van Yüzü...Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.展开更多
Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatob...Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.展开更多
悦读·明其义The power of community service社区服务的力量Community service,often called volunteering,is a valuable way to contribute to society and make a positive difference.It involves offering time and skills wi...悦读·明其义The power of community service社区服务的力量Community service,often called volunteering,is a valuable way to contribute to society and make a positive difference.It involves offering time and skills without expecting money in return,focusing on helping those in need or improving the environment.For high school students,participating in such activities not only benefits communities but also builds character and practical experience that textbooks alone cannot teach.展开更多
Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com,Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(...Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com,Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.展开更多
Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(m...Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.展开更多
Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com.Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases Internati...Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com.Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.展开更多
Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to ...Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to inform evidence-based nursing practices and support the formulation of highquality CPGs.Methods:A systematic search of electronic databases and guideline repositories was conducted,included PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Guidelines International Network(GIN),ect.Eligible NB guidelines underwent dual-researcher screening and extraction,and methodological and recommendation quality were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence(AGREE-REX)instruments.Five researchers independently evaluated recommendation specificity,evidence grading systems,and implementation consistency.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussion or third-party arbitration.Results:Analysis of 19 CPGs(2006–2023)from 11 countries/regions revealed that 78.95%(15/19)incorporated evidence grading systems and 68.42%(13/19)specifiedrecommendation strength.The AGREE II evaluation identifiedcritical methodological deficiencies,with three domains scoring below the acceptable thresholds:Rigor of Development(41.70%),Editorial Independence(43.30%),and Applicability(30.00%).The AGREE-REX results showed moderate performance in Clinical Applicability(55.56%)and implantability(41.67%)but severe gaps in Values and Preferences(25.00%).A systematic synthesis identified40 recommendations:90%(36/40)demonstrated consensus and 10%(4/40)contradictions.These studies addressed the following six clinical themes:1)nursing assessment,2)manipulation-assisted voiding,3)behavioral therapy,4)intermittent catheterization,5)indwelling catheterization,and 6)other therapies.Conclusions:The methodologies and recommendations of the CPGs for NB in nursing demonstrated substantial variability.Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve the quality of the NB-related CPGs.More in-depth research and timely updates are required to enhance the practical utility of CPGs and narrow the gap between CPGs and clinical practice.展开更多
Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effective...Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effectiveness of screening depends on factors such as disease prevalence, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the screening technology employed.展开更多
文摘The teaching of Chinese grammar as a foreign language is aimed at enabling foreigners to master the basic Chinese vocabulary,sentences and sentence organization rules so as to improve the language ability of foreigners to communicate in Chinese.It can be seen that the ultimate goal of teaching Chinese as a foreign language is to realize language communication in real life,so the practical principle in teaching is of great criticality.This article briefly introduces the relevant overview of the practical principles of Chinese grammar teaching at first,then implements analysis of practical principles in several aspects,hoping to provide reference for relevant teachers.
文摘In the pre-biologic era,immunomodulators such as azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine,and methotrexate(MTX)were widely used as first-line maintenance therapies in Crohn’s disease.However,in the current era shaped by biologics,their role has shifted toward adjunctive use,primarily in combination with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents to reduce immunogenicity.Amid growing concerns about thiopurine-associated risks,MTX is receiving renewed attention for its favorable safety profile;however,this agent remains inconsistently utilized in gastroenterology despite its frontline status in rheumatology.This discrepancy was highlighted in a recent nationwide survey by Bonnaud et al published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which offers timely insights into MTX prescribing behaviors among French gastroenterologists.Although 71%of respondents reported using MTX,primarily via subcutaneous injection,it is still perceived as a secondary choice after thiopurines.Importantly,this underuse appears to be driven more by clinical inertia and limited guidance rather than by lack of efficacy or safety concerns.Clinicians increasingly recognize the value of MTX,particularly in patients with joint involvement,Epstein-Barr virus negativity,or increased malignancy risk.Notably,even non-prescribers viewed the drug favorably,suggesting that usage barriers may be modifiable.In light of evolving treatment goals that prioritize safety,cost-effectiveness,and individualized care,this editorial argues that MTX should no longer be viewed as a fallback but as a strategic first-line option in well-defined high-risk populations.The survey underscores a persistent gap between guidelines and real-world practice,reinforcing the urgent need for clearer algorithms and education to support the repositioning of MTX in modern Crohn’s disease management.
文摘Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
文摘Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with frequent occur rence of major natural disasters.Especially since the 21st century,natural disasters。
基金funded by the Science and Technology Plan for the Belt and Road Innovation Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BZ2023003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1500202)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28010100)the“14th Five-Year Plan”Self-Deployment Project of the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSAS2418)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107334)。
文摘Black soils represent only one-sixth of the global arable land area but play an important role in maintaining world food security due to their high fertility and gigantic potential for food production.With the ongoing intensification of agricultural practices and negative natural factors,black soils are confronting enhanced degradation.The holistic overview of black soil degradation and the underlying mechanisms for soil health improvement will be key for agricultural sustainability and food security.In this review,the current status and driving factors of soil degradation in the four major black soil regions of the world are summarized,and effective measures for black soil conservation are proposed.The Northeast Plain of China is the research hotspot with 41.5%of the published studies related to black soil degradation,despite its relatively short history of agricultural reclamation,followed by the East European Plain(28.3%),the Great Plains of North America(20.7%),and the Pampas of South American(7.9%).Among the main types of soil degradation,soil erosion and soil fertility decline(especially organic matter loss)have been reported as the most common problems,with 27.6%and 39.4%of the published studies,respectively.In addition to the natural influences of climate and topography,human activities have been reported to have great influences on the degradation of black soils globally.Unsustainable farming practices and excess in agrochemical applications are common factors reported to accelerate the degradation process and threaten the sustainable use of black soils.Global efforts for black soil conservation and utilization should focus on standardizing evaluation criteria including real-time monitoring and the measures of prevention and restoration for sustainable management.International cooperation in technology and policy is crucial for overcoming the challenges and thus achieving the protection,sustainable use,and management of global black soil resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177333 and 31870500)the National Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2015FY110700)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(No.JASTIFCX(20)2003)。
文摘Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
基金funded in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB0905900)in part by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC)The Key Technologies for Electric Internet of Things(SGTJDK00DWJS2100223).
文摘Fast and accurate transient stability analysis is crucial to power system operation.With high penetration level of wind power resources,practical dynamic security region(PDSR)with hyper plane expression has outstanding advantages in situational awareness and series of optimization problems.The precondition of obtaining accurate PDSR boundary is to locate sufficient points around the boundary(critical points).Therefore,this paper proposes a space division and Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gra-dient penalty(WGAN-GP)based fast generation method of PDSR boundary.First,the typical differential topological characterizations of dynamic security region(DSR)provide strong theoretical foundation that the interior of DSR is hole-free and the boundaries of DSR are tight and knot-free.Then,the space division method is proposed to calculate critical operation area where the PDSR boundary is located,tremen-dously compressing the search space to locate critical points and improving the confidence level of boundary fitting result.Furthermore,the WGAN-GP model is utilized to fast obtain large number of criti-cal points based on learning the data distribution of the small training set aforementioned.Finally,the PDSR boundary with hyperplanes is fitted by the least square method.The case study is tested on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)39-bus system and the results verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
文摘BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.
文摘Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.
文摘The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.
文摘Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.
文摘Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.
文摘Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.
文摘悦读·明其义The power of community service社区服务的力量Community service,often called volunteering,is a valuable way to contribute to society and make a positive difference.It involves offering time and skills without expecting money in return,focusing on helping those in need or improving the environment.For high school students,participating in such activities not only benefits communities but also builds character and practical experience that textbooks alone cannot teach.
文摘Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com,Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.
文摘Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peerreviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.
文摘Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2025,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com.Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and histological aspects of the subject areas under the headings Liver,Biliary,Pancreas,Transplantation,Research,Editorials,Review Articles,New Techniques,Clinical Images,Viewpoints and Letters to the Editor.The journal also deals with the basic sciences and experimental work.All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees in the field of the submitted paper.For detailed instructions concerning the submission of manuscripts,please refer to the Instructions for Authors in each issue of the journal.Full articles are available at ScienceDirect.
文摘Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to inform evidence-based nursing practices and support the formulation of highquality CPGs.Methods:A systematic search of electronic databases and guideline repositories was conducted,included PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Guidelines International Network(GIN),ect.Eligible NB guidelines underwent dual-researcher screening and extraction,and methodological and recommendation quality were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence(AGREE-REX)instruments.Five researchers independently evaluated recommendation specificity,evidence grading systems,and implementation consistency.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussion or third-party arbitration.Results:Analysis of 19 CPGs(2006–2023)from 11 countries/regions revealed that 78.95%(15/19)incorporated evidence grading systems and 68.42%(13/19)specifiedrecommendation strength.The AGREE II evaluation identifiedcritical methodological deficiencies,with three domains scoring below the acceptable thresholds:Rigor of Development(41.70%),Editorial Independence(43.30%),and Applicability(30.00%).The AGREE-REX results showed moderate performance in Clinical Applicability(55.56%)and implantability(41.67%)but severe gaps in Values and Preferences(25.00%).A systematic synthesis identified40 recommendations:90%(36/40)demonstrated consensus and 10%(4/40)contradictions.These studies addressed the following six clinical themes:1)nursing assessment,2)manipulation-assisted voiding,3)behavioral therapy,4)intermittent catheterization,5)indwelling catheterization,and 6)other therapies.Conclusions:The methodologies and recommendations of the CPGs for NB in nursing demonstrated substantial variability.Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve the quality of the NB-related CPGs.More in-depth research and timely updates are required to enhance the practical utility of CPGs and narrow the gap between CPGs and clinical practice.
文摘Cancer screening is a strategy focused on highrisk populations rather than universal populationwide screening, based on a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological principles and practical feasibility. The effectiveness of screening depends on factors such as disease prevalence, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the screening technology employed.
