The past two decades have seen formative assessment claim legitimacy in policy discourse and engender immense tensions within the testing-dominated assessment regimes of multiple educational settings.These tensions,al...The past two decades have seen formative assessment claim legitimacy in policy discourse and engender immense tensions within the testing-dominated assessment regimes of multiple educational settings.These tensions,along with the top-down approach of the policy process,have made the inroads of formative assessment in local contexts very complex.This study seeks to unveil the localized appropriation and actualization of a formative assessment initiative in the College English area at a Chinese local university.The focus is on how the key actors at the institutional and classroom levels appropriate and negotiate the policy meaning within their local community of practice.Analysis of an individual interview with the dean and a focus-group interview with six 1 teachers has revealed a“two-hand”approach to the national policy and a nested mediation from local constraints,“cultural tools for thinking”and,more importantly,power in the policymaking process at the institutional level.The classroom level,on the other hand,witnesses capable teachers exercising their agency within a limited space.As a result,we would caution that power and agency could be solid mediators in the policy process and need to be exercised with care to ensure a more coherent implementation of assessment innovations.展开更多
不同于传统光伏(PV)系统中应用的DC-DC变换器,差值功率处理(differential power processing,DPP)变换器可以在功率损失较小、能量转换效率较高的情况下,实现光伏系统的最大功率输出。为确保基于DPP拓扑光伏系统的供电连续性和可靠性,文...不同于传统光伏(PV)系统中应用的DC-DC变换器,差值功率处理(differential power processing,DPP)变换器可以在功率损失较小、能量转换效率较高的情况下,实现光伏系统的最大功率输出。为确保基于DPP拓扑光伏系统的供电连续性和可靠性,文章针对光伏系统中DPP变换器最易出现故障的功率开关器件提出了一种快速故障诊断方法。所提方法通过检测DPP变换器不同开关状态下电感电流的变化斜率符号和幅值来进行故障的快速诊断,与其他故障诊断方法相比,此方法只需增加少量的传感器件,具有诊断速度更快,且不改变原有的系统结构等优点。最后通过仿真验证了该故障诊断方法的快速性和有效性。展开更多
基金based on research projects sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(No.17BYY100)the China Association of Higher Education—Foreign Language Teaching and Research Association[21WYJYYB24]。
文摘The past two decades have seen formative assessment claim legitimacy in policy discourse and engender immense tensions within the testing-dominated assessment regimes of multiple educational settings.These tensions,along with the top-down approach of the policy process,have made the inroads of formative assessment in local contexts very complex.This study seeks to unveil the localized appropriation and actualization of a formative assessment initiative in the College English area at a Chinese local university.The focus is on how the key actors at the institutional and classroom levels appropriate and negotiate the policy meaning within their local community of practice.Analysis of an individual interview with the dean and a focus-group interview with six 1 teachers has revealed a“two-hand”approach to the national policy and a nested mediation from local constraints,“cultural tools for thinking”and,more importantly,power in the policymaking process at the institutional level.The classroom level,on the other hand,witnesses capable teachers exercising their agency within a limited space.As a result,we would caution that power and agency could be solid mediators in the policy process and need to be exercised with care to ensure a more coherent implementation of assessment innovations.
文摘不同于传统光伏(PV)系统中应用的DC-DC变换器,差值功率处理(differential power processing,DPP)变换器可以在功率损失较小、能量转换效率较高的情况下,实现光伏系统的最大功率输出。为确保基于DPP拓扑光伏系统的供电连续性和可靠性,文章针对光伏系统中DPP变换器最易出现故障的功率开关器件提出了一种快速故障诊断方法。所提方法通过检测DPP变换器不同开关状态下电感电流的变化斜率符号和幅值来进行故障的快速诊断,与其他故障诊断方法相比,此方法只需增加少量的传感器件,具有诊断速度更快,且不改变原有的系统结构等优点。最后通过仿真验证了该故障诊断方法的快速性和有效性。
