The dynamical equation of a six degrees of freedom(DOF) Stewart-type simulator with load and impact force is derived. By associating the direct solution to acceleration with the inverse solution to force, an equivalen...The dynamical equation of a six degrees of freedom(DOF) Stewart-type simulator with load and impact force is derived. By associating the direct solution to acceleration with the inverse solution to force, an equivalent power element model of the simulator is further presented, which offers the basis for analysis and design of the control system of the simulator.展开更多
A simple approach is described to estimate the wave power absorption potential of submerged devices known to cause wave focusing and flow enhancement. In particular, the presence of a flow-through power take-off （PTO...A simple approach is described to estimate the wave power absorption potential of submerged devices known to cause wave focusing and flow enhancement. In particular, the presence of a flow-through power take-off （PTO） system, such as low-head turbines, can be accounted for. The wave radiation characteristics of an appropriately selected Lagrangian element （LE） in the fluid domain are first determined. In the limit of a vanishing mass, the LE reduces to a patch of distributed normal dipoles. The hydrodynamic coefficients of this virtual object are then input in a standard equation of motion where the effect of the PTO can be represented, for example, as a dashpot damping term. The process is illustrated for a class of devices recently proposed by Carter and Ertekin （2011）, although in a simplified form. Favorable wave power absorption is shown for large ratios of the LE wave radiation coefficient over the LE added mass coefficient. Under optimal conditions, the relative flow reduction from the PTO theoretically lies between 0.50 and 1 2 ≈ 0.71, with lower values corresponding to better configurations. Wave power capture widths, the sensitivity of results to PTO damping and sample spectral calculations at a typical site in Hawaiian waters are proposed to further illustrate the versatility of the method.展开更多
It is well known that the hot spot temperature represents the most critical parameter identifying the power rating of a transformer. This paper investigates the effect of the degradation of core magnetic properties on...It is well known that the hot spot temperature represents the most critical parameter identifying the power rating of a transformer. This paper investigates the effect of the degradation of core magnetic properties on temperature variation of aged oil-cooled transformers. Within this work, 2D accurate assessment of time average flux density distribution in an oil insulated-cooled 25 MVA transformer has been computed using finite-element analysis taking into account ageing and stress-induced non-uniform core permeability values. Knowing the core material specific loss and winding details, local core and winding losses are converted into heat. Based upon the ambient temperature outside the transformer tank and thermal heat transfer related factors, the detailed thermal modeling and analysis have then been carried out to determine temperature distribution everywhere. Analytical details and simulation results demonstrating effects of core magnetic properties degradation on hot spot temperatures of the transformer’s components are given in the paper.展开更多
Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are becoming ubiquitous in industry. Many such systems are excited with single or multi-phase input current. This leads to increased complexity in comparing such syste...Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are becoming ubiquitous in industry. Many such systems are excited with single or multi-phase input current. This leads to increased complexity in comparing such systems when solely using the magnetic frequency analysis. This paper utilizes modern finite element method analysis software to propose a novel software methodology for the numerical comparison of single and two phase ICPT systems as demonstrated on a three dimensional (3D) battery charging system. The sinusoidal magnetic frequency response of a single phase system is compared to the magnetic transient response of a multi-phase current system by use of a novel software methodology proposed in this paper. This consists of a transient response analysis to determine compute the resulting magnetic response over the duration of an input current period on the two phase system. The resulting non-sinusoidal response is then integrated over a whole period to extract the root-mean-square value for comparison with that of a single phase system across a 3D cubic power zone.展开更多
Due to laser-induced damage, the aperture of optics is one of the main factors limiting the output capability of highpower laser facilities. Because of the general difficulty in achieving large-aperture optics, an alt...Due to laser-induced damage, the aperture of optics is one of the main factors limiting the output capability of highpower laser facilities. Because of the general difficulty in achieving large-aperture optics, an alternative solution is to tile some small-aperture ones together. We propose an accurate, stable, and automatic method of array element tiling and verify it on a double-pass 1 × 2 tiled-grating compressor in the XG-III laser facility. The test results show the accuracy and stability of the method. This research provides an efficient way to obtain large-aperture optics for high-power laser facilities.展开更多
With the aim of sending electric power to autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs), an automatic wireless power supply system by means of electromagnetic coupler was proposed. An equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic ...With the aim of sending electric power to autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs), an automatic wireless power supply system by means of electromagnetic coupler was proposed. An equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic coupler with compensating capacitors was presented to analyze the performance of the system.The magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance, which are important for choosing compensating capacitors,were calculated by finite element analysis(FEA) methods. Then the voltage gain, power loss and system efficiency were analyzed to optimize the winding turns. Finally, a phase-shift full bridge zero-voltage-switching converter and an electromagnetic coupler were produced. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system has a high voltage gain with small variation and sufficient power feeding.展开更多
The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashe...The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.展开更多
Estimation of power transformer no-load loss is a critical issue in the design of distribution transformers. Any deviation in estimation of the core losses during the design stage can lead to a financial penalty for t...Estimation of power transformer no-load loss is a critical issue in the design of distribution transformers. Any deviation in estimation of the core losses during the design stage can lead to a financial penalty for the transformer manufacturer. In this paper an effective and novel method is proposed to determine all components of the iron core losses applying a combination of the empirical and numerical techniques. In this method at the first stage all computable components of the core losses are calculated, using Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling and analysis of the transformer iron core. This method takes into account magnetic sheets anisotropy, joint losses and stacking holes. Next, a Quadratic Programming (QP) optimization technique is employed to estimate the incomputable components of the core losses. This method provides a chance for improvement of the core loss estimation over the time when more measured data become available. The optimization process handles the singular deviations caused by different manufacturing machineries and labor during the transformer manufacturing and overhaul process. Therefore, application of this method enables different companies to obtain different results for the same designs and materials employed, using their historical data. Effectiveness of this method is verified by inspection of 54 full size distribution transformer measurement data.展开更多
Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake ...Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.展开更多
Whether the proposed mechanical model fits in the nature of technology is the key to solving the problems during three dimensional simulation of power spinning. The study of mechanical model includes: the definition o...Whether the proposed mechanical model fits in the nature of technology is the key to solving the problems during three dimensional simulation of power spinning. The study of mechanical model includes: the definition of the contour of contact zone and processing the velocity and frictional force boundary conditions on contact zone. The movement locus of roller surface is a spiral cone and contact zone between roller and workpiece is a part of cone surface of roller. So the contour of the contact zone is intersected by roller cone surface, spiral cone surface and cylindrical surfaces. In this paper, a solution to defining the contour and applying space restriction of the contact zone was proposed. Considering the sudden change in the direction of foctional force on the contact zone during power spinning, an inverse tangential frictional model was adopted to solve the problem. So a new mechanical model comes into being and the 3 - D FEM simulation results prove it to be right.展开更多
Along with the prosperous of magnetic coupled inductive power transfer( MCIPT) technology which is widely used in industrial applications such as electric vehicle charging,the topology of double D coils( DD coils) wit...Along with the prosperous of magnetic coupled inductive power transfer( MCIPT) technology which is widely used in industrial applications such as electric vehicle charging,the topology of double D coils( DD coils) with a spatial quadrature Q coil arises with great research interest. The Q coil, however, has been thoroughly studied by adding to the receiving side but seldom to the transmitting side. By using finite element simulation, this paper presents a preliminary study on the effectiveness of Q coil in the transmitting side,and its inner dimension is optimized for optimal compensating the misalignment between the transmitting and receiver sides. Simulation results show that the windings of the Q coil should be placed in the center of the aperture of the DD coils,and these results render a useful guidance for mechanical structural design and circuit controller design of MCIPT.展开更多
The ?method is used in this paper to calculate the leakage magnetic field of SSZ11-50000/110 Power transformer, and by which the structures’ influences to the main leakage flux are analyzed. Through the combination o...The ?method is used in this paper to calculate the leakage magnetic field of SSZ11-50000/110 Power transformer, and by which the structures’ influences to the main leakage flux are analyzed. Through the combination of the product and TEAM Problem 21B, the surface impedance method shows its great advantage in the calculation of eddy current loss.展开更多
文摘The dynamical equation of a six degrees of freedom(DOF) Stewart-type simulator with load and impact force is derived. By associating the direct solution to acceleration with the inverse solution to force, an equivalent power element model of the simulator is further presented, which offers the basis for analysis and design of the control system of the simulator.
基金Unsponsored(cost share)contribution to the U.S.Department of Energy through the Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center(Hawaii Natural Energy Institute,University of Hawaii),Account No.6658090
文摘A simple approach is described to estimate the wave power absorption potential of submerged devices known to cause wave focusing and flow enhancement. In particular, the presence of a flow-through power take-off （PTO） system, such as low-head turbines, can be accounted for. The wave radiation characteristics of an appropriately selected Lagrangian element （LE） in the fluid domain are first determined. In the limit of a vanishing mass, the LE reduces to a patch of distributed normal dipoles. The hydrodynamic coefficients of this virtual object are then input in a standard equation of motion where the effect of the PTO can be represented, for example, as a dashpot damping term. The process is illustrated for a class of devices recently proposed by Carter and Ertekin （2011）, although in a simplified form. Favorable wave power absorption is shown for large ratios of the LE wave radiation coefficient over the LE added mass coefficient. Under optimal conditions, the relative flow reduction from the PTO theoretically lies between 0.50 and 1 2 ≈ 0.71, with lower values corresponding to better configurations. Wave power capture widths, the sensitivity of results to PTO damping and sample spectral calculations at a typical site in Hawaiian waters are proposed to further illustrate the versatility of the method.
文摘It is well known that the hot spot temperature represents the most critical parameter identifying the power rating of a transformer. This paper investigates the effect of the degradation of core magnetic properties on temperature variation of aged oil-cooled transformers. Within this work, 2D accurate assessment of time average flux density distribution in an oil insulated-cooled 25 MVA transformer has been computed using finite-element analysis taking into account ageing and stress-induced non-uniform core permeability values. Knowing the core material specific loss and winding details, local core and winding losses are converted into heat. Based upon the ambient temperature outside the transformer tank and thermal heat transfer related factors, the detailed thermal modeling and analysis have then been carried out to determine temperature distribution everywhere. Analytical details and simulation results demonstrating effects of core magnetic properties degradation on hot spot temperatures of the transformer’s components are given in the paper.
文摘Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are becoming ubiquitous in industry. Many such systems are excited with single or multi-phase input current. This leads to increased complexity in comparing such systems when solely using the magnetic frequency analysis. This paper utilizes modern finite element method analysis software to propose a novel software methodology for the numerical comparison of single and two phase ICPT systems as demonstrated on a three dimensional (3D) battery charging system. The sinusoidal magnetic frequency response of a single phase system is compared to the magnetic transient response of a multi-phase current system by use of a novel software methodology proposed in this paper. This consists of a transient response analysis to determine compute the resulting magnetic response over the duration of an input current period on the two phase system. The resulting non-sinusoidal response is then integrated over a whole period to extract the root-mean-square value for comparison with that of a single phase system across a 3D cubic power zone.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61308040)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA8043047)
文摘Due to laser-induced damage, the aperture of optics is one of the main factors limiting the output capability of highpower laser facilities. Because of the general difficulty in achieving large-aperture optics, an alternative solution is to tile some small-aperture ones together. We propose an accurate, stable, and automatic method of array element tiling and verify it on a double-pass 1 × 2 tiled-grating compressor in the XG-III laser facility. The test results show the accuracy and stability of the method. This research provides an efficient way to obtain large-aperture optics for high-power laser facilities.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863) of China(No.2012AA8094033)
文摘With the aim of sending electric power to autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs), an automatic wireless power supply system by means of electromagnetic coupler was proposed. An equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic coupler with compensating capacitors was presented to analyze the performance of the system.The magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance, which are important for choosing compensating capacitors,were calculated by finite element analysis(FEA) methods. Then the voltage gain, power loss and system efficiency were analyzed to optimize the winding turns. Finally, a phase-shift full bridge zero-voltage-switching converter and an electromagnetic coupler were produced. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system has a high voltage gain with small variation and sufficient power feeding.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Found of China(40133010,40273035)Natural Science Found of Anhui(04045064)
文摘The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.
文摘Estimation of power transformer no-load loss is a critical issue in the design of distribution transformers. Any deviation in estimation of the core losses during the design stage can lead to a financial penalty for the transformer manufacturer. In this paper an effective and novel method is proposed to determine all components of the iron core losses applying a combination of the empirical and numerical techniques. In this method at the first stage all computable components of the core losses are calculated, using Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling and analysis of the transformer iron core. This method takes into account magnetic sheets anisotropy, joint losses and stacking holes. Next, a Quadratic Programming (QP) optimization technique is employed to estimate the incomputable components of the core losses. This method provides a chance for improvement of the core loss estimation over the time when more measured data become available. The optimization process handles the singular deviations caused by different manufacturing machineries and labor during the transformer manufacturing and overhaul process. Therefore, application of this method enables different companies to obtain different results for the same designs and materials employed, using their historical data. Effectiveness of this method is verified by inspection of 54 full size distribution transformer measurement data.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51079092)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant no.20090181120088)Science and Technology Support Plan Project of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2008SZ0163)
文摘Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.
文摘Whether the proposed mechanical model fits in the nature of technology is the key to solving the problems during three dimensional simulation of power spinning. The study of mechanical model includes: the definition of the contour of contact zone and processing the velocity and frictional force boundary conditions on contact zone. The movement locus of roller surface is a spiral cone and contact zone between roller and workpiece is a part of cone surface of roller. So the contour of the contact zone is intersected by roller cone surface, spiral cone surface and cylindrical surfaces. In this paper, a solution to defining the contour and applying space restriction of the contact zone was proposed. Considering the sudden change in the direction of foctional force on the contact zone during power spinning, an inverse tangential frictional model was adopted to solve the problem. So a new mechanical model comes into being and the 3 - D FEM simulation results prove it to be right.
基金Sichuan International Exchange of Science and Technology Cooperation and Research Program,China(No.2015HH0010)
文摘Along with the prosperous of magnetic coupled inductive power transfer( MCIPT) technology which is widely used in industrial applications such as electric vehicle charging,the topology of double D coils( DD coils) with a spatial quadrature Q coil arises with great research interest. The Q coil, however, has been thoroughly studied by adding to the receiving side but seldom to the transmitting side. By using finite element simulation, this paper presents a preliminary study on the effectiveness of Q coil in the transmitting side,and its inner dimension is optimized for optimal compensating the misalignment between the transmitting and receiver sides. Simulation results show that the windings of the Q coil should be placed in the center of the aperture of the DD coils,and these results render a useful guidance for mechanical structural design and circuit controller design of MCIPT.
文摘The ?method is used in this paper to calculate the leakage magnetic field of SSZ11-50000/110 Power transformer, and by which the structures’ influences to the main leakage flux are analyzed. Through the combination of the product and TEAM Problem 21B, the surface impedance method shows its great advantage in the calculation of eddy current loss.
