Neuronal plasticity,the brain's ability to adapt structurally and functionally,is essential for learning,memory,and recovery from injuries.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinso...Neuronal plasticity,the brain's ability to adapt structurally and functionally,is essential for learning,memory,and recovery from injuries.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,this plasticity is disrupted,leading to cognitive and motor deficits.This review explores the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and its effect on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Alzheimer's disease features amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles that impair synaptic function,while Parkinson's disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons affecting motor control.Enhancing neuronal plasticity offers therapeutic potential for these diseases.A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,focusing on studies of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Data synthesis identified key themes such as synaptic mechanisms,neurogenesis,and therapeutic strategies,linking molecular insights to clinical applications.Results highlight that targeting synaptic plasticity mechanisms,such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression,shows promise.Neurotrophic factors,advanced imaging techniques,and molecular tools(e.g.,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and optogenetics)are crucial in understanding and enhancing plasticity.Current therapies,including dopamine replacement,deep brain stimulation,and lifestyle interventions,demonstrate the potential to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes.In conclusion,enhancing neuronal plasticity through targeted therapies holds significant promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to fully harness the therapeutic potential of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.展开更多
We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-gener...We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.展开更多
Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major coh...Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major cohort for stem cell-based therapies.However,the regenerative potential of stem cells significantly decreases with advanced age and deteriorating health status of the donor.Therefore,the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapy is significantly compromised in older patients.To overcome these limitations,alternative strategies have been used to restore the age-and disease-depleted function of stem cells.These methods aim to restore the therapeutic efficacy of aged stem cells for autologous use.This article explores the effect of donor age and health status on the regenerative potential of stem cells.It further highlights the limitations of stem cell-based therapy for autologous treatment in the elderly.A comprehensive insight into the potential strategies to address the“age”and“disease”compromised regenerative potential of autologous stem cells is also presented.The information provided here serves as a valuable resource for physicians and patients for optimization of stem cellbased autologous therapy for aged patients.展开更多
Numerous pathological states of the nervous system involve alterations in neuronal excitability and synaptic dysfunction,which depend on the function of ion channels.Due to their critical involvement in health and dis...Numerous pathological states of the nervous system involve alterations in neuronal excitability and synaptic dysfunction,which depend on the function of ion channels.Due to their critical involvement in health and disease,the search for new compounds that modulate these proteins is still relevant.Traditional medicine has long been a rich source of neuroactive compounds.For example,the indigenous Mapuche people have used the leaves and bark of the Drimys winteri tree for centuries to treat various diseases.Consequently,several studies have investigated the biological effects of compounds in Drimys winteri,highlighting sesquiterpenes such asα-humulene,drimenin,polygodial,andα-,β-,γ-eudesmol.However,there is currently no literature review focusing on the ability of these sesquiterpenes to modulate ion channels.This review summarizes the current knowledge about neuroactive compounds found in Drimys winteri,with special emphasis on their direct actions on neuronal ion channels.Several Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes modulate a diverse array of neuronal ion channels,including transient receptor potential channels,gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors,nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,and voltage-dependent Ca^(2+)and Na^(+)channels.Interestingly,the modulation of these molecular targets by Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes correlates with their therapeutic actions.The promiscuous pharmacological profile of Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes suggests they modulate multiple protein targets in vivo,making them potentially useful for treating complex,multifactorial diseases.Further studies at the molecular level may aid in developing multitargeted drugs with enhanced therapeutic effects.展开更多
根据“预模式假说(Prepattern Hypothesis)”,黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)背部感觉器官前体(sensory organ precursors,SOP)的发育依赖于预模式基因、原神经基因和神经源性基因的依次调控。大多数情况下,单一调控基因的功能失常...根据“预模式假说(Prepattern Hypothesis)”,黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)背部感觉器官前体(sensory organ precursors,SOP)的发育依赖于预模式基因、原神经基因和神经源性基因的依次调控。大多数情况下,单一调控基因的功能失常引起的异位SOP形成,或表现为空间不连续,或仅限于原神经簇内。而fred基因的敲低会造成一种异位SOP发生的新型表型,这些异位SOP在空间上是连续的,且不局限于原神经簇区域。本研究发现,由敲减fred所诱导的异位SOP形成不依赖于原神经簇,表明几乎所有翅成虫盘细胞都具有潜在的神经发生潜力。并且,本研究还发现预模式基因pannier(pnr)与fred协同作用,以两种截然不同的方式调控SOP细胞的命运:一方面,pnr和fred在背板中部对于内源性SOP的形成是必需的;但另一方面,它们在原神经簇外协同抑制SOP发生。本研究结果打破了“预模式假说”中SOP形成依赖于原神经簇形成的论断,为该假说提供了一项重要补充。展开更多
基金financially supported by King Abdulaziz University,Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)。
文摘Neuronal plasticity,the brain's ability to adapt structurally and functionally,is essential for learning,memory,and recovery from injuries.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,this plasticity is disrupted,leading to cognitive and motor deficits.This review explores the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and its effect on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Alzheimer's disease features amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles that impair synaptic function,while Parkinson's disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons affecting motor control.Enhancing neuronal plasticity offers therapeutic potential for these diseases.A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,focusing on studies of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Data synthesis identified key themes such as synaptic mechanisms,neurogenesis,and therapeutic strategies,linking molecular insights to clinical applications.Results highlight that targeting synaptic plasticity mechanisms,such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression,shows promise.Neurotrophic factors,advanced imaging techniques,and molecular tools(e.g.,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and optogenetics)are crucial in understanding and enhancing plasticity.Current therapies,including dopamine replacement,deep brain stimulation,and lifestyle interventions,demonstrate the potential to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes.In conclusion,enhancing neuronal plasticity through targeted therapies holds significant promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to fully harness the therapeutic potential of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220626)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078068)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of NIT(No.KCTD006)Jiangsu Marine Structure Service Performance Improvement Engineering Research CenterKey Laboratory of Jiangsu"Marine Floating Wind Power Technology and Equipment"。
文摘We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.
文摘Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major cohort for stem cell-based therapies.However,the regenerative potential of stem cells significantly decreases with advanced age and deteriorating health status of the donor.Therefore,the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapy is significantly compromised in older patients.To overcome these limitations,alternative strategies have been used to restore the age-and disease-depleted function of stem cells.These methods aim to restore the therapeutic efficacy of aged stem cells for autologous use.This article explores the effect of donor age and health status on the regenerative potential of stem cells.It further highlights the limitations of stem cell-based therapy for autologous treatment in the elderly.A comprehensive insight into the potential strategies to address the“age”and“disease”compromised regenerative potential of autologous stem cells is also presented.The information provided here serves as a valuable resource for physicians and patients for optimization of stem cellbased autologous therapy for aged patients.
基金supported by ANID-FONDECYT 1200908(to JF),ANID-FONDECYT 1211082 and 1250856(to GEY)by the Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain NCN19_038(Mi Nu SPain)(to GEY)funded by the ANID scholarship 21201176。
文摘Numerous pathological states of the nervous system involve alterations in neuronal excitability and synaptic dysfunction,which depend on the function of ion channels.Due to their critical involvement in health and disease,the search for new compounds that modulate these proteins is still relevant.Traditional medicine has long been a rich source of neuroactive compounds.For example,the indigenous Mapuche people have used the leaves and bark of the Drimys winteri tree for centuries to treat various diseases.Consequently,several studies have investigated the biological effects of compounds in Drimys winteri,highlighting sesquiterpenes such asα-humulene,drimenin,polygodial,andα-,β-,γ-eudesmol.However,there is currently no literature review focusing on the ability of these sesquiterpenes to modulate ion channels.This review summarizes the current knowledge about neuroactive compounds found in Drimys winteri,with special emphasis on their direct actions on neuronal ion channels.Several Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes modulate a diverse array of neuronal ion channels,including transient receptor potential channels,gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors,nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,and voltage-dependent Ca^(2+)and Na^(+)channels.Interestingly,the modulation of these molecular targets by Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes correlates with their therapeutic actions.The promiscuous pharmacological profile of Drimys winteri sesquiterpenes suggests they modulate multiple protein targets in vivo,making them potentially useful for treating complex,multifactorial diseases.Further studies at the molecular level may aid in developing multitargeted drugs with enhanced therapeutic effects.
文摘根据“预模式假说(Prepattern Hypothesis)”,黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)背部感觉器官前体(sensory organ precursors,SOP)的发育依赖于预模式基因、原神经基因和神经源性基因的依次调控。大多数情况下,单一调控基因的功能失常引起的异位SOP形成,或表现为空间不连续,或仅限于原神经簇内。而fred基因的敲低会造成一种异位SOP发生的新型表型,这些异位SOP在空间上是连续的,且不局限于原神经簇区域。本研究发现,由敲减fred所诱导的异位SOP形成不依赖于原神经簇,表明几乎所有翅成虫盘细胞都具有潜在的神经发生潜力。并且,本研究还发现预模式基因pannier(pnr)与fred协同作用,以两种截然不同的方式调控SOP细胞的命运:一方面,pnr和fred在背板中部对于内源性SOP的形成是必需的;但另一方面,它们在原神经簇外协同抑制SOP发生。本研究结果打破了“预模式假说”中SOP形成依赖于原神经簇形成的论断,为该假说提供了一项重要补充。
