From economy to political administrations, education to health, environment to human rights, many problems we met have gained a global importance in recent days. Existing state systems, political parties and nation st...From economy to political administrations, education to health, environment to human rights, many problems we met have gained a global importance in recent days. Existing state systems, political parties and nation states are not adequate for solving these problems in question effectively on their own. Not only governments and local authorities but also voluntary organizations based on completely voluntary activities have significant roles in solving these problems. Effective performance of voluntary organizations depends on increasing volunteer population. Individuals＇ attitudes or their perception of understanding volunteerism play an important role in their contributions to voluntary organizations. The aim of this study is to determine individuals＇ ways of perceiving volunteerism concept and their tendency towards it. Furthermore, differences between men and women＇s perception and attitudes towards volunteerism concept have been examined. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted over university students of bachelor＇s degree. Tendencies and attitudes towards volunteerism compared to gender differences have been tested via logistic regression method. Research results reveal that women take part in voluntary activities more than men and women perceive volunteerism as ＂a political position＂ while men perceive volunteerism as ＂a learning atmosphere and learning process＂.展开更多
Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
Bioactive peptides and proteins(BAPPs)are promising therapeutic agents for tissue repair with considerable advantages,including multifunctionality,specificity,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.However,the high com...Bioactive peptides and proteins(BAPPs)are promising therapeutic agents for tissue repair with considerable advantages,including multifunctionality,specificity,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.However,the high complexity of tissue microenvironments and their inherent deficiencies such as short half-live and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation,adversely affect their therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications.Investigating the fundamental mechanisms by which BAPPs modulate the microenvironment and developing rational delivery strategies are essential for optimizing their administration in distinct tissue repairs and facilitating clinical translation.This review initially focuses on the mechanisms through which BAPPs influence the microenvironment for tissue repair via reactive oxygen species,blood and lymphatic vessels,immune cells,and repair cells.Then,a variety of delivery platforms,including scaffolds and hydrogels,electrospun fibers,surface coatings,assisted particles,nanotubes,two-dimensional nanomaterials,and nanoparticles engineered cells,are summarized to incorporate BAPPs for effective tissue repair,modification strategies aimed at enhancing loading efficiencies and release kinetics are also reviewed.Additionally,the delivery of BAPPs can be precisely regulated by endogenous stimuli(glucose,reactive oxygen species,enzymes,pH)or exogenous stimuli(ultrasound,heat,light,magnetic field,and electric field)to achieve on-demand release tailored for specific tissue repair needs.Furthermore,this review focuses on the clinical potential of BAPPs in facilitating tissue repair across various types,including bone,cartilage,intervertebral discs,muscle,tendons,periodontal tissues,skin,myocardium,nervous system(encompassing brain,spinal cord,and peripheral nerve),endometrium,as well as ear and ocular tissue.Finally,current challenges and prospects are discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process...Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.展开更多
Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated from Ainsliaea glabra.Among them,a new guaianolide sesquiterpenoid,named ainsglaolide A(1),and seven known sesquiterpenoids 2~8 were identified.Compound 1 was a novel guaianolide ses...Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated from Ainsliaea glabra.Among them,a new guaianolide sesquiterpenoid,named ainsglaolide A(1),and seven known sesquiterpenoids 2~8 were identified.Compound 1 was a novel guaianolide sesquiterpenoid featuring a rare six-membered lactone ring formed between C-4 and C-15.The new compound structure was elucidated by HRESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy,as well as electrostatic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations were used to further confirm the absolute of 1.Anti-inflammatory activity tests were conducted on the separated compounds,indicating that compound 1 had significant inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome with an IC_(50) value of 1.86μmol/L.展开更多
Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces ...Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces using the event-related potential （ERP） technique. The results demonstrated that N170 amplitude was higher for attractive than for unattractive cartoon faces in males, while the opposite was found in females. Facial attractiveness notably modulated the late positive component （LPC）, which might reflect the task-related process of aesthetic appraisal of beauty. The mean LPC amplitude in males was significantly higher for attractive cartoon faces than for unattractive faces, while the LPC amplitude in females did not significantly differ between attractive and unattractive cartoon faces. Moreover, the paint mode （computer graphics, gouache, and stick figure） modulated the early encoding of facial structures and the late evaluative process. The early modulation effect by paint mode may be related to the spatial frequency of the pictures. The processing speed and intensity in females were both higher than those in males. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, reported ERP modulation based on the assessment of cartoon facial attractiveness, suggesting the facilitated selection of attractiveness information at the early stage, and that the attentional enhancement of attractive faces at the late stage only exists in males. This suggests that men＇s brains are hard-wired to be sensitive to facial beauty, even in cartoons.展开更多
Medicinal plants of Moraceae family have been well-recognized traditionally due to their versatile applications in various fields including agriculture, cosmetic and food as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Their...Medicinal plants of Moraceae family have been well-recognized traditionally due to their versatile applications in various fields including agriculture, cosmetic and food as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Their biomedical and medicinal importance is reflected from their broad range of pharmacological activities for treatment of various inflammatory conditions, cancer, infectious diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. The present review was aimed to summarize and critically discuss the biomedical implications of Morus species, their bioactive compounds, and phytochemicals. Bioactivity guided fractionation of these medicinal plants revealed that different types of bioactive phytochemicals and secondary metabolites such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins were present. The critical analysis of the literature revealed that the aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Morus species and their bioactive compounds exhibit remarkable anti-oxidative,anti-diabetic, anti-stress, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, anticancer,anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, immune-modulatory and cholesterol lowering effects. Based on the literature review and bioactivity guided investigation of Morus species and their phytomedicinal effects, we anticipate that these herbal products hold excellent potential for future research.展开更多
We experimentally realize the dual-wavelength bad cavity laser for the first time. As the Cs cell temperature is kept between 118℃ and 144℃, both the 1359nm and 147Ohm lasing outputs of dual-wavelength bad cavity la...We experimentally realize the dual-wavelength bad cavity laser for the first time. As the Cs cell temperature is kept between 118℃ and 144℃, both the 1359nm and 147Ohm lasing outputs of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser are detected. The laser output power of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser is measured when changing the 455 nm pumping laser frequency and power at 127℃ Cs cell temperature. Both the 1359 nm laser and the 1470 nm laser are working at the deep bad cavity regime, and the ratio between the linewidth of cavity mode and the laser gain bandwidth a ≈ 40 for 1359nm and 1470nm lasers. The 147Ohm laser linewidth is measured to be 407.3Hz. The dual-wavelength bad cavity laser operating on atomic transitions demonstrated here has a potential in the application as a stable optical local oscillator, even an active optical frequency standard directly in the future.展开更多
Effects of different polarity solvents on the ultrastructure and chemical composition of cuticular wax in Pingguoli pear as well as their bioactive role against Alternaria alternate were studied and the results showed...Effects of different polarity solvents on the ultrastructure and chemical composition of cuticular wax in Pingguoli pear as well as their bioactive role against Alternaria alternate were studied and the results showed that the highest wax content was extracted with chloroform, and its wax content was up to 322.2 gg cm2. Long-chain fatty acids predominated in menthol extracts and n-alkanes were predominant in wax extracted with ether, chloroform and n-hexane. Pingguoli pear fruit surface was covered by a smooth and amorphous wax layer with small, scattered crystal. The morphology of recrystallized wax in vitro after removal with different solvents was not similar to that of the intact fruit surface. Removal of cuticular wax with various solvents significantly enhanced A. alternata infection, except for wax removed by methanol. The solvent extracts of methanol and chloroform stimulated the spore germination and mycelium growth ofA. alternata, but the ether and n-hexane extracts showed antifungal activity.展开更多
The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations.This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has in...The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations.This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has inflicted severe economic losses on the global swine industry.Consequently,there is an urgent need for eco-friendly and efficient antivi-ral drugs that can effectively combat viruses and prevent diseases such as PEDV,PRRSV,PRV,and other viral infections.To this end,we conducted a study on the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of eleven different Chinese herbal extracts(CHE) against PRV.In vitro testing of several extracts,namely,Echinacea,Ilex purpurea Hassk,Ganoderma lucidum Kars,Taraxacum mongolicum,and Ilex rotunda Thunb,exhibited remarkable inhibition of PRV infection without causing any cytotoxic effects.Specifically,their antiviral selectivity indexes were significantly higher,with values ranging from 6-to 144-fold.The antiviral efficacy of five CHEs was evaluated against other RNA viruses,including PRRSV and PEDV.The extracts showed substantial inhibition of PEDV and PRRSV proliferation.Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk extracts exhibited the highest virus inhibitory effects.To understand the antiviral mechanisms underlying their potent activity,a time-of-addition experiment was conducted.The results indicated that these extracts effectively targeted the early infection and postinfection stages of PRV,PEDV,and PRRSV.The study found that the Chinese herbal extracts,Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk,had both direct and indirect effects on virus particles and cellular targets,demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple clinical strains of PRV and PEDV.These findings provide a strong foundation for the development of herbal medicines to prevent and treat infections caused by PRV,PEDV and PRRSV in the swine industry.The identified extracts show great promise for the formulation of effective and environmentally friendly antiviral interventions.展开更多
To understand the transfer process of soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） on the lake sediment-water interface in a mesotrophic shallow lake in South China, the SRP concentrations and the oxidation-reduction potential...To understand the transfer process of soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） on the lake sediment-water interface in a mesotrophic shallow lake in South China, the SRP concentrations and the oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） across the sediment-water interfaces were continually monitored. Sediment samples were collected from Xinghu Lake in Guangdong Province. The ORP dynamics at different layers of overlying water was similar for six experimental systems, whereas those in porewater were significantly different. The ORP in overlying water was 200-300 mV higher than those in sediments. The oxygen penetration depth ranged from 2 to 10 mm in Xiannu Lake sediments. The variation amplitudes of ORP increased with sediment depth, but the mean ORP values were all about 218 mV. The SRP concentrations in porewater maintained at a low level of about 0.049 mg/L because of high atom ratio of total iron and total manganese to total phosphorus. The SRP concentrations and variation amplitudes in porewater increased with sediment depth. The SRP in overlying water mainly originated from S RP transference of the porewater of middle and bottom sediments （3-15 cm）. The ORP variation and SRP transfer in porewater played important roles in changing SRP concentrations. A distinct SRP concentration gradient appeared in overlying water when intense exchange occurred at the sediment-water interface; therefore, it was necessary to monitor the SRP concentration profiles to accurately estimate the internal loading.展开更多
Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicin...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain,swelling,and cardiovascular disease.The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30%of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents.In the recent years,many biological activities,such as tyrosinase inhibitory,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,anti-glycated,and anti-cancer activities,as well as memory-increasing effects,have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts,indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health.With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits,enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed.This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction,processing,identification,and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products.Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.展开更多
We quantify the mean potential energy of a passive colloidal particle harmonically confined in a bacterial solution using optical traps.We find that the average potential energy of the passive particle depends on the ...We quantify the mean potential energy of a passive colloidal particle harmonically confined in a bacterial solution using optical traps.We find that the average potential energy of the passive particle depends on the trap stiffness,in contrast to the equilibrium case where energy partition is independent of the external constraints.The constraint dependence of the mean potential energy originates from the fact that the persistent collisions between the passive particle and the active bacteria are influenced by the particle relaxation dynamics.Our experimental results are consistent with the Brownian dynamics simulations,and confirm the recent theoretical prediction.展开更多
In this paper,we solve the Dirac equation under spin symmetry limit for attractive radial potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction.By using the parametric generalization of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,the...In this paper,we solve the Dirac equation under spin symmetry limit for attractive radial potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction.By using the parametric generalization of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,the energy eigenvalues equation and the corresponding wave functions have been obtained in closed forms.Some numerical results are given too.展开更多
Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition di...Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gunpowder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propagation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops theW-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.展开更多
Background:Maternal viral infection during pregnancy can lead to maternal immune activation(MIA),increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.Amantadine(AMA)exhibits antiviral activity and is widel...Background:Maternal viral infection during pregnancy can lead to maternal immune activation(MIA),increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.Amantadine(AMA)exhibits antiviral activity and is widely employed in the management of neurologic conditions.Nevertheless,the efficacy of AMA in treating MIA is currently not established.Methods:MIA was induced by polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C));AMA was administered from embryonic(E)day 11.5 for 3 days.BV-2 cells were stimulated using poly(I:C)and treated with AMA.Behavior was assessed via open field test,elevated plus maze test,three-chamber sociability test,and marble burying test.Neuronal morphology was vizualized using Nissl stain;apoptosis via TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling)stain;protein expression(Iba1,NeuN,CD68,TNF-α[tumor necrosis factor-alpha],IL-1β[interleukin-1β])using immunofluorescence(IF);interleukin-6(IL-6)levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;reactive oxygen species using staining;Iba1,NeuN,Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspase 3 using Western blot;and gene expression changes using RNA-seq.Results:AMA treatment reduced the levels of IL-6 in maternal blood,improved autism-like behaviors in MIA offspring,and effectively prevented neuronal damage and neuroinflammation.In vitro cellular studies have demonstrated that AMA effectively downregulates the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β.RNA-seq analysis indicated that AMA mitigates abnormal activation of microglia by modulating inflammatory pathways associated with IL-6.Conclusion:AMA can prevent the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in MIA offspring.This effect may be related to its ability to attenuate neuronal damage,reduce neuronal apoptosis,and inhibit neuroinflammation,indicating that the antiviral drug AMA may be a potential treatment for MIA.展开更多
The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally mo...The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally motivated for a physically active life throughout the lifespan. The advancement of technology in recent years, especially those in active video games（AVGs）, seems to have allowed the mind-body integrated physical activity accessible to children at all ages. This article reviews findings from research and critique research on AVGs in light with the theoretical and pedagogical tenets of physical literacy and, on the basis of the review, elaborates the potential that AVGs could contribute to enhancing children＇s physical literacy.展开更多
An interaction potential of the Ne-HC1 van der Waals complex is obtained by utilizing the Huxley analytic potential function to fit the accurate interaction energy data, which have been computed at the coupled cluster...An interaction potential of the Ne-HC1 van der Waals complex is obtained by utilizing the Huxley analytic potential function to fit the accurate interaction energy data, which have been computed at the coupled cluster singles and doubles including connected triple excitations level and with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence quintuple zeta basis set extended with a set of 3s3p2dlflg mid-bond functions [CCSD （T）/aug-cc-pV5Z-33211]. The close coupling calculation of state-to-state partial cross sections for collision of Ne with HC1 is first performed by employing the fitted interaction potential. This calculation is performed at the incident energies： 40, 60, 75 and 100 meV, separately. The effects of the long-range attractive and the short-range anisotropic interactions on the inelastic state-to-state partial cross sections are discussed in detail. Two maxima are present in the rotationally inelastic partial cross sections and they originate from different mechanisms.展开更多
Antimicrobial material is highly desired because of the increasing demand in biomedical application to prevent from the formation of biofilm.A common strategy for enhancing the antibacterial property of a metal materi...Antimicrobial material is highly desired because of the increasing demand in biomedical application to prevent from the formation of biofilm.A common strategy for enhancing the antibacterial property of a metal material is to incorporate toxic metal such as Cu and Ag.However,the reported Cu^(2+)or Ag~+released concentration from antibacterial alloys was much less than the reported minimum inhibitory ion concentrations(MIC),revealing the existence of an unknown alternative antimicrobial mechanism not relying on the toxicity of the metal ions.Herein,we proposed a new antibacterial mechanism that the antibacterial effectiveness of the different alloys is proportional to the micro-area potential differences(MAPDs)on the surface of the alloys.We designed three kinds of Ti-M(M=Zr,Ta and Au)alloys to eliminate the potential antibacterial contribution from Cu and Ag ion.We demonstrated that high MAPDs are associated with great production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),resulting in the killing effect to the biofilm known to be associated with implant infections(Staphlococcus aureus and Escherichia coli).These results provide new insights for the design of antibacterial alloys.展开更多
文摘From economy to political administrations, education to health, environment to human rights, many problems we met have gained a global importance in recent days. Existing state systems, political parties and nation states are not adequate for solving these problems in question effectively on their own. Not only governments and local authorities but also voluntary organizations based on completely voluntary activities have significant roles in solving these problems. Effective performance of voluntary organizations depends on increasing volunteer population. Individuals＇ attitudes or their perception of understanding volunteerism play an important role in their contributions to voluntary organizations. The aim of this study is to determine individuals＇ ways of perceiving volunteerism concept and their tendency towards it. Furthermore, differences between men and women＇s perception and attitudes towards volunteerism concept have been examined. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted over university students of bachelor＇s degree. Tendencies and attitudes towards volunteerism compared to gender differences have been tested via logistic regression method. Research results reveal that women take part in voluntary activities more than men and women perceive volunteerism as ＂a political position＂ while men perceive volunteerism as ＂a learning atmosphere and learning process＂.
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82372405,81871752)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BCA052)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Wuhan City(2024020702030105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023kf0199)the Translational Medicine and Interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(ZNJC202014).
文摘Bioactive peptides and proteins(BAPPs)are promising therapeutic agents for tissue repair with considerable advantages,including multifunctionality,specificity,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.However,the high complexity of tissue microenvironments and their inherent deficiencies such as short half-live and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation,adversely affect their therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications.Investigating the fundamental mechanisms by which BAPPs modulate the microenvironment and developing rational delivery strategies are essential for optimizing their administration in distinct tissue repairs and facilitating clinical translation.This review initially focuses on the mechanisms through which BAPPs influence the microenvironment for tissue repair via reactive oxygen species,blood and lymphatic vessels,immune cells,and repair cells.Then,a variety of delivery platforms,including scaffolds and hydrogels,electrospun fibers,surface coatings,assisted particles,nanotubes,two-dimensional nanomaterials,and nanoparticles engineered cells,are summarized to incorporate BAPPs for effective tissue repair,modification strategies aimed at enhancing loading efficiencies and release kinetics are also reviewed.Additionally,the delivery of BAPPs can be precisely regulated by endogenous stimuli(glucose,reactive oxygen species,enzymes,pH)or exogenous stimuli(ultrasound,heat,light,magnetic field,and electric field)to achieve on-demand release tailored for specific tissue repair needs.Furthermore,this review focuses on the clinical potential of BAPPs in facilitating tissue repair across various types,including bone,cartilage,intervertebral discs,muscle,tendons,periodontal tissues,skin,myocardium,nervous system(encompassing brain,spinal cord,and peripheral nerve),endometrium,as well as ear and ocular tissue.Finally,current challenges and prospects are discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171344(to ZY),82471313(to CKT)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China,Nos.2023B1515120035,2024A1515012035(to CKT)The Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou Nos.2025A03J4169(to ZY)。
文摘Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.
文摘Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated from Ainsliaea glabra.Among them,a new guaianolide sesquiterpenoid,named ainsglaolide A(1),and seven known sesquiterpenoids 2~8 were identified.Compound 1 was a novel guaianolide sesquiterpenoid featuring a rare six-membered lactone ring formed between C-4 and C-15.The new compound structure was elucidated by HRESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy,as well as electrostatic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations were used to further confirm the absolute of 1.Anti-inflammatory activity tests were conducted on the separated compounds,indicating that compound 1 had significant inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome with an IC_(50) value of 1.86μmol/L.
基金supported by the New Talent Program of Zhejiang Province, China (2013R404046)
文摘Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces using the event-related potential （ERP） technique. The results demonstrated that N170 amplitude was higher for attractive than for unattractive cartoon faces in males, while the opposite was found in females. Facial attractiveness notably modulated the late positive component （LPC）, which might reflect the task-related process of aesthetic appraisal of beauty. The mean LPC amplitude in males was significantly higher for attractive cartoon faces than for unattractive faces, while the LPC amplitude in females did not significantly differ between attractive and unattractive cartoon faces. Moreover, the paint mode （computer graphics, gouache, and stick figure） modulated the early encoding of facial structures and the late evaluative process. The early modulation effect by paint mode may be related to the spatial frequency of the pictures. The processing speed and intensity in females were both higher than those in males. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, reported ERP modulation based on the assessment of cartoon facial attractiveness, suggesting the facilitated selection of attractiveness information at the early stage, and that the attentional enhancement of attractive faces at the late stage only exists in males. This suggests that men＇s brains are hard-wired to be sensitive to facial beauty, even in cartoons.
基金Universiti Teknologi MARA for providing LESTARI grant(600-IRMI/DANA 5/3/LESTARI(0007/2016))and support in writing the present review article.
文摘Medicinal plants of Moraceae family have been well-recognized traditionally due to their versatile applications in various fields including agriculture, cosmetic and food as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Their biomedical and medicinal importance is reflected from their broad range of pharmacological activities for treatment of various inflammatory conditions, cancer, infectious diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. The present review was aimed to summarize and critically discuss the biomedical implications of Morus species, their bioactive compounds, and phytochemicals. Bioactivity guided fractionation of these medicinal plants revealed that different types of bioactive phytochemicals and secondary metabolites such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins were present. The critical analysis of the literature revealed that the aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Morus species and their bioactive compounds exhibit remarkable anti-oxidative,anti-diabetic, anti-stress, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, anticancer,anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, immune-modulatory and cholesterol lowering effects. Based on the literature review and bioactivity guided investigation of Morus species and their phytomedicinal effects, we anticipate that these herbal products hold excellent potential for future research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10874009,11074011 and 91436210the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No 2010DFR10900
文摘We experimentally realize the dual-wavelength bad cavity laser for the first time. As the Cs cell temperature is kept between 118℃ and 144℃, both the 1359nm and 147Ohm lasing outputs of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser are detected. The laser output power of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser is measured when changing the 455 nm pumping laser frequency and power at 127℃ Cs cell temperature. Both the 1359 nm laser and the 1470 nm laser are working at the deep bad cavity regime, and the ratio between the linewidth of cavity mode and the laser gain bandwidth a ≈ 40 for 1359nm and 1470nm lasers. The 147Ohm laser linewidth is measured to be 407.3Hz. The dual-wavelength bad cavity laser operating on atomic transitions demonstrated here has a potential in the application as a stable optical local oscillator, even an active optical frequency standard directly in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30960243 and 31260494)the Fuxi Distinguished Young Talent Cultivation Project of Gansu Agricultural University, China
文摘Effects of different polarity solvents on the ultrastructure and chemical composition of cuticular wax in Pingguoli pear as well as their bioactive role against Alternaria alternate were studied and the results showed that the highest wax content was extracted with chloroform, and its wax content was up to 322.2 gg cm2. Long-chain fatty acids predominated in menthol extracts and n-alkanes were predominant in wax extracted with ether, chloroform and n-hexane. Pingguoli pear fruit surface was covered by a smooth and amorphous wax layer with small, scattered crystal. The morphology of recrystallized wax in vitro after removal with different solvents was not similar to that of the intact fruit surface. Removal of cuticular wax with various solvents significantly enhanced A. alternata infection, except for wax removed by methanol. The solvent extracts of methanol and chloroform stimulated the spore germination and mycelium growth ofA. alternata, but the ether and n-hexane extracts showed antifungal activity.
基金supported by the Hubei Agricultural Research System (HBHZDZB-2020-005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872328,32272990)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800101-2)the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province([2020]4Y217)the "Yingzi Tech&Huazhong Agricultural University Intelligent Research Institute of Food Health"(No.IRIFH202209)。
文摘The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations.This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has inflicted severe economic losses on the global swine industry.Consequently,there is an urgent need for eco-friendly and efficient antivi-ral drugs that can effectively combat viruses and prevent diseases such as PEDV,PRRSV,PRV,and other viral infections.To this end,we conducted a study on the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of eleven different Chinese herbal extracts(CHE) against PRV.In vitro testing of several extracts,namely,Echinacea,Ilex purpurea Hassk,Ganoderma lucidum Kars,Taraxacum mongolicum,and Ilex rotunda Thunb,exhibited remarkable inhibition of PRV infection without causing any cytotoxic effects.Specifically,their antiviral selectivity indexes were significantly higher,with values ranging from 6-to 144-fold.The antiviral efficacy of five CHEs was evaluated against other RNA viruses,including PRRSV and PEDV.The extracts showed substantial inhibition of PEDV and PRRSV proliferation.Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk extracts exhibited the highest virus inhibitory effects.To understand the antiviral mechanisms underlying their potent activity,a time-of-addition experiment was conducted.The results indicated that these extracts effectively targeted the early infection and postinfection stages of PRV,PEDV,and PRRSV.The study found that the Chinese herbal extracts,Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk,had both direct and indirect effects on virus particles and cellular targets,demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple clinical strains of PRV and PEDV.These findings provide a strong foundation for the development of herbal medicines to prevent and treat infections caused by PRV,PEDV and PRRSV in the swine industry.The identified extracts show great promise for the formulation of effective and environmentally friendly antiviral interventions.
基金supported by the Environment and Pollution Control Technology Innovation Program,which is one part of the 985 Project at Sun Yat-sen University
文摘To understand the transfer process of soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） on the lake sediment-water interface in a mesotrophic shallow lake in South China, the SRP concentrations and the oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） across the sediment-water interfaces were continually monitored. Sediment samples were collected from Xinghu Lake in Guangdong Province. The ORP dynamics at different layers of overlying water was similar for six experimental systems, whereas those in porewater were significantly different. The ORP in overlying water was 200-300 mV higher than those in sediments. The oxygen penetration depth ranged from 2 to 10 mm in Xiannu Lake sediments. The variation amplitudes of ORP increased with sediment depth, but the mean ORP values were all about 218 mV. The SRP concentrations in porewater maintained at a low level of about 0.049 mg/L because of high atom ratio of total iron and total manganese to total phosphorus. The SRP concentrations and variation amplitudes in porewater increased with sediment depth. The SRP in overlying water mainly originated from S RP transference of the porewater of middle and bottom sediments （3-15 cm）. The ORP variation and SRP transfer in porewater played important roles in changing SRP concentrations. A distinct SRP concentration gradient appeared in overlying water when intense exchange occurred at the sediment-water interface; therefore, it was necessary to monitor the SRP concentration profiles to accurately estimate the internal loading.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770726)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0400904)
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain,swelling,and cardiovascular disease.The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30%of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents.In the recent years,many biological activities,such as tyrosinase inhibitory,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,anti-glycated,and anti-cancer activities,as well as memory-increasing effects,have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts,indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health.With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits,enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed.This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction,processing,identification,and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products.Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874397,11674365,11774393,and 11774394).
文摘We quantify the mean potential energy of a passive colloidal particle harmonically confined in a bacterial solution using optical traps.We find that the average potential energy of the passive particle depends on the trap stiffness,in contrast to the equilibrium case where energy partition is independent of the external constraints.The constraint dependence of the mean potential energy originates from the fact that the persistent collisions between the passive particle and the active bacteria are influenced by the particle relaxation dynamics.Our experimental results are consistent with the Brownian dynamics simulations,and confirm the recent theoretical prediction.
文摘In this paper,we solve the Dirac equation under spin symmetry limit for attractive radial potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction.By using the parametric generalization of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,the energy eigenvalues equation and the corresponding wave functions have been obtained in closed forms.Some numerical results are given too.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China.Grant ID:11872123.
文摘Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gunpowder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propagation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops theW-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.
基金Collaborative Innovation Project of Zigong Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Research Institute,Grant/Award Number:2023-YGY-1-02 and 2024-YGY-02-04National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:31900950+4 种基金Project Supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China,Grant/Award Number:2024JCYBMS-706National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFC2009900Zigong Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:2023YKY11Scientific Research Project of Zigong Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:22yb001 and 24zd008Key Science and Technology Plan Projects in Zigong,Grant/Award Number:2022ZCNKY07,2023-NKY-01-02,2023-NKY-02-13 and 2023-NKY-02-14。
文摘Background:Maternal viral infection during pregnancy can lead to maternal immune activation(MIA),increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.Amantadine(AMA)exhibits antiviral activity and is widely employed in the management of neurologic conditions.Nevertheless,the efficacy of AMA in treating MIA is currently not established.Methods:MIA was induced by polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C));AMA was administered from embryonic(E)day 11.5 for 3 days.BV-2 cells were stimulated using poly(I:C)and treated with AMA.Behavior was assessed via open field test,elevated plus maze test,three-chamber sociability test,and marble burying test.Neuronal morphology was vizualized using Nissl stain;apoptosis via TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling)stain;protein expression(Iba1,NeuN,CD68,TNF-α[tumor necrosis factor-alpha],IL-1β[interleukin-1β])using immunofluorescence(IF);interleukin-6(IL-6)levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;reactive oxygen species using staining;Iba1,NeuN,Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspase 3 using Western blot;and gene expression changes using RNA-seq.Results:AMA treatment reduced the levels of IL-6 in maternal blood,improved autism-like behaviors in MIA offspring,and effectively prevented neuronal damage and neuroinflammation.In vitro cellular studies have demonstrated that AMA effectively downregulates the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β.RNA-seq analysis indicated that AMA mitigates abnormal activation of microglia by modulating inflammatory pathways associated with IL-6.Conclusion:AMA can prevent the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in MIA offspring.This effect may be related to its ability to attenuate neuronal damage,reduce neuronal apoptosis,and inhibit neuroinflammation,indicating that the antiviral drug AMA may be a potential treatment for MIA.
文摘The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally motivated for a physically active life throughout the lifespan. The advancement of technology in recent years, especially those in active video games（AVGs）, seems to have allowed the mind-body integrated physical activity accessible to children at all ages. This article reviews findings from research and critique research on AVGs in light with the theoretical and pedagogical tenets of physical literacy and, on the basis of the review, elaborates the potential that AVGs could contribute to enhancing children＇s physical literacy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10676025 and 10574096）, the Discipline Foundation of Anqing Teachers College of China （Grant No 044-k06016000007） and the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 20050610010）.
文摘An interaction potential of the Ne-HC1 van der Waals complex is obtained by utilizing the Huxley analytic potential function to fit the accurate interaction energy data, which have been computed at the coupled cluster singles and doubles including connected triple excitations level and with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence quintuple zeta basis set extended with a set of 3s3p2dlflg mid-bond functions [CCSD （T）/aug-cc-pV5Z-33211]. The close coupling calculation of state-to-state partial cross sections for collision of Ne with HC1 is first performed by employing the fitted interaction potential. This calculation is performed at the incident energies： 40, 60, 75 and 100 meV, separately. The effects of the long-range attractive and the short-range anisotropic interactions on the inelastic state-to-state partial cross sections are discussed in detail. Two maxima are present in the rotationally inelastic partial cross sections and they originate from different mechanisms.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81071262/H1820 and 31971253/C1002)the instrumental analysis from Analytical and Testing Center,Northeastern University。
文摘Antimicrobial material is highly desired because of the increasing demand in biomedical application to prevent from the formation of biofilm.A common strategy for enhancing the antibacterial property of a metal material is to incorporate toxic metal such as Cu and Ag.However,the reported Cu^(2+)or Ag~+released concentration from antibacterial alloys was much less than the reported minimum inhibitory ion concentrations(MIC),revealing the existence of an unknown alternative antimicrobial mechanism not relying on the toxicity of the metal ions.Herein,we proposed a new antibacterial mechanism that the antibacterial effectiveness of the different alloys is proportional to the micro-area potential differences(MAPDs)on the surface of the alloys.We designed three kinds of Ti-M(M=Zr,Ta and Au)alloys to eliminate the potential antibacterial contribution from Cu and Ag ion.We demonstrated that high MAPDs are associated with great production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),resulting in the killing effect to the biofilm known to be associated with implant infections(Staphlococcus aureus and Escherichia coli).These results provide new insights for the design of antibacterial alloys.
