Black carbon (BC) aerosols are considered key factors that contribute to rapid climate warming and ice melt in the Arctic region.However,compared with long-term observations from land-based stations,observational data...Black carbon (BC) aerosols are considered key factors that contribute to rapid climate warming and ice melt in the Arctic region.However,compared with long-term observations from land-based stations,observational data over the Arctic Ocean remain relatively scarce.Four Arctic scientific expeditions were conducted in the summer and early autumn of 2010,2012,2016,and 2018 via the Chinese research vessel Xue Long,during which the BC concentrations along the routes were measured via light absorption methods.In this work,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of BC over the Arctic Ocean were examined on the basis of these observations.The potential sources of BC along the various routes were analyzed via the weighted potential source contribution function and weighted concentrationweighted trajectory methods of the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model in conjunction with Arctic transport potential climate model simulations.The analysis results indicated that wildfires in the western Aleutian Islands,Siberia,and Far East regions were the primary contributors to the BC aerosol concentration observed along the Arctic expedition routes in summer,identifying these regions as major potential source areas.展开更多
Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regiona...Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.展开更多
Long-term stereoscopic observations of aerosol,NO2,and HCHO were carried out at the Yangmeikeng(YMK)site in Shenzhen.Aerosol optical depths and NO2 vertical column concentration(NO2 VCD)derived from MAX-DOAS were foun...Long-term stereoscopic observations of aerosol,NO2,and HCHO were carried out at the Yangmeikeng(YMK)site in Shenzhen.Aerosol optical depths and NO2 vertical column concentration(NO2 VCD)derived from MAX-DOAS were found to be consistent with other datasets.The total NO2 VCD values of the site remained low,varying from 2×10^(15)to 8×10^(15)mol/cm^(2),while the HCHO VCD was higher than NO2 VCD,varying from 7×10^(15)to 11×10^(15)mol/cm^(2).HCHO VCD was higher from September to early November than that was from mid-late November to December and during February 2021,in contrast,NO2 VCD did not change much during the same period.In January,NO2 VCD and HCHO VCD were both fluctuating drastically.High temperature and HCHO level in the YMK site is not only driving the ozone production up but alsomay be driving up the ozone concentration as well,and the O_(3)production regime in the YMK site tends to be NOx-limited.At various altitudes,backward trajectory clustering analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function(PSCF)were utilized to identify possible NO2 and HCHO source locations.The results suggested that the Huizhou-Shanwei border and the Daya Bay Sea area were the key potential source locations in the lower(200 m)and middle(500 m)atmosphere(WPSCF>0.6).The WPSCF valuewas high at the 1000maltitude whichwas closer to the YMKsite than the near ground,indicating that the pollution transport capability in the upper atmosphere was limited.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42201151)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Nos.2023Z004 and 2024Z007)。
文摘Black carbon (BC) aerosols are considered key factors that contribute to rapid climate warming and ice melt in the Arctic region.However,compared with long-term observations from land-based stations,observational data over the Arctic Ocean remain relatively scarce.Four Arctic scientific expeditions were conducted in the summer and early autumn of 2010,2012,2016,and 2018 via the Chinese research vessel Xue Long,during which the BC concentrations along the routes were measured via light absorption methods.In this work,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of BC over the Arctic Ocean were examined on the basis of these observations.The potential sources of BC along the various routes were analyzed via the weighted potential source contribution function and weighted concentrationweighted trajectory methods of the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model in conjunction with Arctic transport potential climate model simulations.The analysis results indicated that wildfires in the western Aleutian Islands,Siberia,and Far East regions were the primary contributors to the BC aerosol concentration observed along the Arctic expedition routes in summer,identifying these regions as major potential source areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161007)the Innovation Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2021B-081)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(20JR10RA112).
文摘Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41775029)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFC0213201)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17DZ1203102).
文摘Long-term stereoscopic observations of aerosol,NO2,and HCHO were carried out at the Yangmeikeng(YMK)site in Shenzhen.Aerosol optical depths and NO2 vertical column concentration(NO2 VCD)derived from MAX-DOAS were found to be consistent with other datasets.The total NO2 VCD values of the site remained low,varying from 2×10^(15)to 8×10^(15)mol/cm^(2),while the HCHO VCD was higher than NO2 VCD,varying from 7×10^(15)to 11×10^(15)mol/cm^(2).HCHO VCD was higher from September to early November than that was from mid-late November to December and during February 2021,in contrast,NO2 VCD did not change much during the same period.In January,NO2 VCD and HCHO VCD were both fluctuating drastically.High temperature and HCHO level in the YMK site is not only driving the ozone production up but alsomay be driving up the ozone concentration as well,and the O_(3)production regime in the YMK site tends to be NOx-limited.At various altitudes,backward trajectory clustering analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function(PSCF)were utilized to identify possible NO2 and HCHO source locations.The results suggested that the Huizhou-Shanwei border and the Daya Bay Sea area were the key potential source locations in the lower(200 m)and middle(500 m)atmosphere(WPSCF>0.6).The WPSCF valuewas high at the 1000maltitude whichwas closer to the YMKsite than the near ground,indicating that the pollution transport capability in the upper atmosphere was limited.
