Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) systems are widely used for detailed characterization of antibody activities including antigen and Fc-receptor binding. During the later stages of development, where the focus is to ensu...Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) systems are widely used for detailed characterization of antibody activities including antigen and Fc-receptor binding. During the later stages of development, where the focus is to ensure that established critical quality attributes(CQAs) are maintained during cell culture,purification and formulation processes, analysis is simplified, and relative potencies are often determined. Here, simulation of binding data revealed that relative potency values, determined via parallel line analysis(PLA) and half maximal effective concentration(EC50) analysis accurately reflect changes in active concentration only if binding kinetics remain unchanged. Changes in the association rate constant shifted dose response curves, and therefore relative potencies, in the same way as changes in analyte concentration do. However, for interactions characterized by stable binding, changes in the dissociation rate constant did not result in any shift, suggesting that this type of change may go unnoticed in the dose response curve. Thus, EC50 and PLA analyses of dose response curves obtained with an anti-TNF-α antibody were complemented with the Biacore functionality for sensorgram comparison analysis, whereby changes in antigen and Fc-receptor binding profiles could be detected. Next, analysis of temperature stressed TNF-α antibody revealed that calibration free concentration analysis(CFCA) data correlated perfectly with relative potency values. Together, these results demonstrate that combinations of SPR based dose response curves, sensorgram comparison and CFCA can be used to strengthen the confidence in relative potency assessments, and suggest that SPR can potentially be used as a surrogate potency assay in the quality control of biotherapeutic medicines.展开更多
Correction:Cell Regeneration 14,8(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00227-z Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2025),the authors reported an error in Fig.1E,the FACS data of surface markers C...Correction:Cell Regeneration 14,8(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00227-z Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2025),the authors reported an error in Fig.1E,the FACS data of surface markers CD11b and CD18 on iNEUs were mistakenly duplicated.Upon checking the original raw data,this error was caused by accidentally duplicating the same picture when formatting the figure.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and user satisfaction of the MAIA^(TM)telemedicine platform for postoperative telemonitoring and telerehabilitation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)....Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and user satisfaction of the MAIA^(TM)telemedicine platform for postoperative telemonitoring and telerehabilitation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Methods:Patients undergoing RARP(from April 2022 to January 2023)were divided into Group A,following the standard rehabilitation protocol,and Group B using the MAIA^(TM)platform for the first 30-day post-intervention period.Perioperative,pathological,and functional variables(continence and potency rates,assessed via validated questionnaires)were collected and telerehabilitation protocol’s adherence was monitored.The telerehabilitation system included an online platform for medical providers and a patient application,facilitating data acquisition,management,treatment planning,and monitoring.Patient and provider satisfactionwere evaluated using the visual analogue scale score and validated telemedicine satisfaction questionnaire.Results:Totally,227 patients were enrolled.No differences in perioperative or pathological variables were found.Group B had higher potency recovery rates than Group A(p=0.031);the potency recovery rates at 1 month and 3 months for Group B were 45%and 57%,respectively,and in Group A were 34%and 48%,respectively.At the multivariate analysis,MAIA^(TM)use and the nerve-sparing(NS)were independent predictors of erectile function at both 1 month(MAIA^(TM)use:odd ratio[OR]2.03,95%confidence interval[CI]1.13-3.63,p=0.018;NS:OR 2.08,95%CI 1.06-4.12,p=0.034)and 3 months(MAIA^(TM)use:OR 1.89,95%CI 1.07-3.34,p=0.028;NS:OR 1.90;95%CI 1.02-3.54,p=0.044).Adherencemonitoring revealed 4.6%of patients in Group B reported exercise issues due to pelvic pain onset and 10%did not take oral phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors due to myalgia.All those patients restarted the rehabilitation program after televisit to address the causing problem,allowing restarting of a rehabilitation program.Patients reported high satisfaction with the MAIA^(TM)platform use(mean visual analogue scale score:88.7).Conclusion:The MAIA^(TM)telemedicine platform seems to have a role in optimizing early potency recovery after RARP.Patient and provider satisfaction levels were high,emphasizing the user-friendliness of the platform.展开更多
Pamiparib is a potent and selective oral poly(adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-ribose)-polymerase(PARP)1/2inhibitor(PARPi).Pamiparib has good bioavailability and shows greater cytotoxic potency and similar DNA-trapping capa...Pamiparib is a potent and selective oral poly(adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-ribose)-polymerase(PARP)1/2inhibitor(PARPi).Pamiparib has good bioavailability and shows greater cytotoxic potency and similar DNA-trapping capacity compared to olaparib.It is not affected by adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette transporters.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentr...[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentrated 50 times and then inactivated. Complete virions were separated and collected by chromatography with Sepharose 4 Fast Flow. Oil adjuvant was added to prepare purified inactivated vaccine. [Result] Viral protein was separated from other proteins by purification and the viral protein contents ranged from 76.7% to 82.4%, and 96% of the expected serum proteins were removed. Protective potency of purified vaccine was above 4/5 and positive conversion rate of antibody was over 86%, both higher than that of unpurified vaccine. The differences were significant. [Conclusion] The experiment il-lustrated that the immune efficacy of vaccine can be enhanced through concentrat- ing and purifying, while the non-viral protein can be removed, so that allergic reaction and stress response cadsed by vaccine inoculation can be avoided.展开更多
The aim of this study was to validate the advantages of the intrafascial nerve-sparing technique compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. From March...The aim of this study was to validate the advantages of the intrafascial nerve-sparing technique compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. From March 2010 to August 2011, 65 patients with localized prostate cancer （PCa） underwent bilateral intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. These patients were matched in a 1.2 ratio to 130 patients with localized PCa who had undergone bilateral interfascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between January 2008 and August 2011. Operative data and oncological and functional results of both groups were compared. There was no difference in operative data, pathological stages and overall rates of positive surgical margins between the groups. There were 9 and 13 patients lost to follow-up in the intrafascial group and interfascial group, respectively. The intrafascial technique provided earlier recovery of continence at both 3 and 6 months than the interfascial technique. Equal results in terms of continence were found in both groups at 12 months. Better rates of potency at 6 months and 12 months were found in younger patients （age 65 years） and overall patients who had undergone the intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Biochemical progression-free survival rates I year postoperatively were similar in both groups. Using strict indications, compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique, the intrafascial technique provided similar operative outcomes and short-term oncological results, quicker recovery of continence and better potency. The intrafascial nerve-sparing technique is recommended as a preferred approach for young PCa patients who are clinical stages cT1 to cT2a and have normal preoperative potency.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of ...Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.展开更多
The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is st...The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.展开更多
17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic aci...17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.展开更多
Dimerization is an effective strategy for designing antimicrobial peptides that combine the advantages of different native peptides. In this study, we explored the effects of different linker amino acids, including le...Dimerization is an effective strategy for designing antimicrobial peptides that combine the advantages of different native peptides. In this study, we explored the effects of different linker amino acids, including leucine, proline and aminocaproic acid, on the anticancer, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the heteromeric antimicrobial peptides AM-1, AM-2, and AM-3. Proline and aminocaproic acid are ideal linkers for increasing the potency and selectivity of heteromeric antimicrobial peptides. The results of MD simulations provided a rationalization for this observation. Both AM-2, which had a proline linker,and AM-3, which had an aminocaproic acid linker, adopted a compact conformation in water and a bent conformation in membranes. This change in the flexible structures of AM-2 and AM-3 could have resulted in decreased binding of these peptides to zwitterionic lipid bilayers and increased damage to mixed lipid bilayers containing acidic phospholipids. In short, these findings obtained via assessing the effects of linker amino acids will contribute to the design of ideal heteromeric antimicrobial peptides with high selectivity and potency.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 pr...AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.展开更多
In an era of globalization and increased global demand for herbal medicines, it is essential to ensure the quality and consistency of drugs. Changes in the quality of an herbal product over time should be detectable. ...In an era of globalization and increased global demand for herbal medicines, it is essential to ensure the quality and consistency of drugs. Changes in the quality of an herbal product over time should be detectable. The assessments of chemical quality and therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs are necessary to establish their shelf-lives. Thus, stability testing is needed to establish standards for herbal products. Unani medicine has its own conceptual framework for studying health and disease. The mode of treatment includes Ilaj bit Tadbeer(regimental therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza(dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa(pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj bil Yad/Jarahat(surgery) as a final option. Ilaj bil Dawa is the most used mode of treatment.The drugs include either crude drugs prepared from plant, animal and mineral sources, called Mufrad(single) drugs or various formulations prepared from these crude drugs, called Murakkab(compound)drugs. To date, stability studies have been carried out on compound drugs, whereas only a few single drugs had had their stability tested. These studies are needed to understand how the quality of an herbal drug varies over the time when it is prepared and consumed. This may also help to standardize procedures for manufacturing compound formulations ab initio. The present study reviews the concept of Aamar-e-Advia(shelf-lives) described in the literature of the Unani system of medicine. Further, various factors that are considered important to assess the shelf-life of Unani drugs are discussed in the context of contemporary protocols for shelf-life assessment.展开更多
Antibiotics are the chemotherapeutic agents that kill or inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms.Resistance of microorganism to antibiotics is a growing problem around the world due to indiscriminate and irrational use ...Antibiotics are the chemotherapeutic agents that kill or inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms.Resistance of microorganism to antibiotics is a growing problem around the world due to indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics.In order to overcome the resistance problem and to safely use antibiotics,the correct measurement of potency and bioactivity of antibiotics is essential.Microbiological assay and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method are used to quantify the potency of antibiotics.HPLC method is commonly used for the quantification of potency of antibiotics,but unable to determine the bioactivity;whereas microbiological assay estimates both potency and bioactivity of antibiotics.Additionally,bioassay is used to estimate the effective dose against antibiotic resistant microbes.Simultaneously,microbiological assay addresses the several parameters such as minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）,minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）,mutation prevention concentration（MPC） and critical concentration（Ccr） which are used to describe the potency in a more informative way.Microbiological assay is a simple,sensitive,precise and cost effective method which gives reproducible results similar to HPLC.However,the HPLC cannot be a complete substitute for microbiological assay and both methods have their own significance to obtain more realistic and precise results.展开更多
AIM: To assess the 6-mo and 12-mo functional outcomes after retropubic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy retropubic radical prostatectomy(RRP) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP);...AIM: To assess the 6-mo and 12-mo functional outcomes after retropubic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy retropubic radical prostatectomy(RRP) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP); robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy(RARP). METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the Pub Med, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and the Web of Knowledge databases updated to March, 2014 for relevant published studies. After data extraction and quality assessment via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk ofbias, meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.1. Either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was used. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, and verified by the Egger linear regression test. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies were identified in total: 14 articles comparing LRP with RRP, 12 articles comparing RARP with RRP, and 11 articles comparing RARP with LRP. For urinary continence, a statistically significant advantage was observed in RARP compared with LRP or RRP both at 6 mo [odds ratio(OR) = 1.93; P < 0.01, OR = 2.23; P < 0.05, respectively] and 12 mo(OR = 1.47; P < 0.01, OR = 2.93; P < 0.01, respectively) postoperatively. The continence recovery rates after LRP and RRP, with obvious heterogeneity(6-mo: I2 = 74%; 12-mo: I2 = 75%), were equivalent(6-mo: P = 0.52; 12-mo: P = 0.75). In terms of potency recovery, for the first time, we ranked the three surgical approaches into a superiority level: RARP > LRP > RRP, with a statistically significant difference at 12 mo [RARP vs LRP(OR = 1.99; P < 0.01); RARP vs RRP(OR = 2.66; P < 0.01); LRP vs RRP(OR = 1.34; P < 0.05)], respectively. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses according to adjustment of the age, body mass index, prostate volume, Gleason score or prostate-specific antigen did not vary significantly. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that minimally invasive approaches(RARP or LRP) are effective procedures for functional recovery. However, more high-quality randomized control trials investigating the long-term functional outcomes are needed.展开更多
Anesthetics are extremely important in modem surgery to greatly reduce the patient,s pain. The understanding of anesthesia at molecular level is the preliminary step for the application of anesthetics in clinic safely...Anesthetics are extremely important in modem surgery to greatly reduce the patient,s pain. The understanding of anesthesia at molecular level is the preliminary step for the application of anesthetics in clinic safely and effectively. Inert gases, with low chemical activity, have been found to cause anesthesia for centuries, but the mechanism is unclear yet. In this review, we first summarize the progress of theories about general anesthesia, especially for inert gas narcosis, and then propose a new hypothesis that the aggregated rather than the dispersed inert gas molecules are the key to trigger the narcosis to explain the steep dose-response relationship of anesthesia.展开更多
Potency is one of the most important indexes of inactivated vaccines.A number of methods have been established to assay the potency,of which the NIH test and single-dose mouse protection test are the "prescribed ...Potency is one of the most important indexes of inactivated vaccines.A number of methods have been established to assay the potency,of which the NIH test and single-dose mouse protection test are the "prescribed methods".Here,we report a method to semi-quantitatively assay the potency of an inactivated rabies vaccine,which uses fewer animals and takes less time to complete.Depending on the quality requirements of a vaccine(e.g.minimum potency),a rabies reference vaccine is,for example,diluted to the minimum potency,and 50 μL of the dilution is taken to inoculate 10 mice.The same amount of the test rabies vaccine is inoculated into another 10 mice.After two weeks,all mice are bled and serum samples are assayed for viral neutralizing antibody by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization(FAVN) test.By comparing the median and interquartile range of antibody titers of the reference vaccine with those of the test vaccine,the test vaccine potency can be semi-quantitatively judged as to whether it is in accord with the required quality.The reliability of this method was also confirmed in dogs.The procedure can be recommended for batch potency testing during inactivated rabies vaccine production.展开更多
Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less...Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less popularity of the products even among the researching field. Since then some of the bio-functional works of the black garlic gradually appeared along with gaining of its popularity. Representative bio-activities reported up to now are： （1） enhancement of anti-tumor potency in the mouse tumor model; （2） immune system enforcement, and suppressive act against allergic symptoms caused by decreasing IL-4 cytokine production; （3） bacteria killing potency; （4） anti-oxidant activity; （5） reduction of carcinogenic potency; （6） lowering cholesterol level and preventive work against obesity; （7） controlling high blood pressure; （8） beneficial effect against diabetics; （9） regenerative effect to the burned skin （Clinical study case） et al. On the black garlic business （marketing）, the Aomori Black Garlic Union （Association） had been established in Aomori Prefecture to offer the citizen high quality, high safety and high security black garlic （products） aiming at contribution for health improvement. All union members are now exerting themselves to the most to attain the high quality production of the black garlic. The quality proving certification seal will be issued to the products that passed the quality approval test by the third party inspections to place it on the their products. This system is now effectively working to guarantee the garlic quality and differentiate the Union member＇s products from others at the markets.展开更多
The aim of the paper was to determine benz(a)-pyrene in the preparations containing humates and study the benz(a)pyrene biological potency for the agricultural plants. The research methodology included the determinati...The aim of the paper was to determine benz(a)-pyrene in the preparations containing humates and study the benz(a)pyrene biological potency for the agricultural plants. The research methodology included the determination of the dependencies in the system “substance concentration (dose)—effect on the plant”. Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene in 12 samples of the humates preparations and fertilizers based on their trademarks “Irkutsk humates”, obtained from brown coal, varied in the range from 0.3 to 50 mcg/kg, which creates no soil contamination in conditions of the use of preparations. Between contents of benz(a)pyrene and humates there is a correlation (rxy = 0.95;α = 0.05). It is ascertained that the effects of stimulation and/or inhibition of the growth and yield of agricultural plants depend on the concentration of benz(a)pyrene and the method of plant processing. Optimal concentrations of benz(a)pyrene were 150-200 ng/dm3 for preplant way of processing of potato tubers, 3-10 ng/dm3—for top dressing (spraying) and 0.1-0.3 ng/dm3—for dressing under the roots (hydroponic). The obtained results allowed us to offer one of the possible mechanisms of biological potency of humates as the plant growth stimulants, and also a way testing of the preparations by screening of their benz(a)pyrene content.展开更多
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used as an energy efficient alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS), which have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in cannabis cultivation. However, there is...Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used as an energy efficient alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS), which have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in cannabis cultivation. However, there is a lack of scientific understanding in the cannabis industry regarding plant physiology, which has resulted in the adoption of cannabis cultivation methods based on hearsay rather than scientific research. The goals of this study were to 1) compare LED lighting options that are commonly used in the cannabis industry and 2) compare the top performing LED light with an industry standard HPS light. Specifically, three LED lights were compared (California Light Works ((SolarSystem 1100), BIOS Lighting (Icarus Gi2), and Fluence Bioengineering (now Fluence by Osram) (SPYDR xPLUS)), based on light distribution, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic performance indices. The LED versus HPS comparison was based on light response curves measured at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 μmol<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>), carbon assimilation rates (<em>A</em>) μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> using a LiCor-6800 and resulting cannabinoid potency (THCA). The SPYDR xPLUS-Fluence by Osram had the highest performing LED light used in the LED comparison. At the suggested distance from bulb to canopy in the HPS versus LED comparison (6 inches for LEDs and 4 ft for HPS), carbon assimilation rates displayed a 142% percent increase in plants grown under LED vs. HPS with average photon flux densities of 795 and 298 μmol<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> for LED and HPS, respectively. All cultivars of<em> Cannabis sativa </em>L. showed increased cannabinoid potency when grown under LED illumination. The results of this study provide further insight regarding the selection of supplemental light to achieve maximum productivity of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.展开更多
The objective of this study is to propose the Parametric Seven-Number Summary (PSNS) as a significance test for normality and to verify its accuracy and power in comparison with two well-known tests, such as Royston’...The objective of this study is to propose the Parametric Seven-Number Summary (PSNS) as a significance test for normality and to verify its accuracy and power in comparison with two well-known tests, such as Royston’s W test and D’Agostino-Belanger-D’Agostino K-squared test. An experiment with 384 conditions was simulated. The conditions were generated by crossing 24 sample sizes and 16 types of continuous distributions: one normal and 15 non-normal. The percentage of success in maintaining the null hypothesis of normality against normal samples and in rejecting the null hypothesis against non-normal samples (accuracy) was calculated. In addition, the type II error against normal samples and the statistical power against normal samples were computed. Comparisons of percentage and means were performed using Cochran’s Q-test, Friedman’s test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. With sample sizes of 150 or greater, high accuracy and mean power or type II error (≥0.70 and ≥0.80, respectively) were achieved. All three normality tests were similarly accurate;however, the PSNS-based test showed lower mean power than K-squared and W tests, especially against non-normal samples of symmetrical-platykurtic distributions, such as the uniform, semicircle, and arcsine distributions. It is concluded that the PSNS-based omnibus test is accurate and powerful for testing normality with samples of at least 150 observations.展开更多
文摘Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) systems are widely used for detailed characterization of antibody activities including antigen and Fc-receptor binding. During the later stages of development, where the focus is to ensure that established critical quality attributes(CQAs) are maintained during cell culture,purification and formulation processes, analysis is simplified, and relative potencies are often determined. Here, simulation of binding data revealed that relative potency values, determined via parallel line analysis(PLA) and half maximal effective concentration(EC50) analysis accurately reflect changes in active concentration only if binding kinetics remain unchanged. Changes in the association rate constant shifted dose response curves, and therefore relative potencies, in the same way as changes in analyte concentration do. However, for interactions characterized by stable binding, changes in the dissociation rate constant did not result in any shift, suggesting that this type of change may go unnoticed in the dose response curve. Thus, EC50 and PLA analyses of dose response curves obtained with an anti-TNF-α antibody were complemented with the Biacore functionality for sensorgram comparison analysis, whereby changes in antigen and Fc-receptor binding profiles could be detected. Next, analysis of temperature stressed TNF-α antibody revealed that calibration free concentration analysis(CFCA) data correlated perfectly with relative potency values. Together, these results demonstrate that combinations of SPR based dose response curves, sensorgram comparison and CFCA can be used to strengthen the confidence in relative potency assessments, and suggest that SPR can potentially be used as a surrogate potency assay in the quality control of biotherapeutic medicines.
文摘Correction:Cell Regeneration 14,8(2025)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00227-z Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2025),the authors reported an error in Fig.1E,the FACS data of surface markers CD11b and CD18 on iNEUs were mistakenly duplicated.Upon checking the original raw data,this error was caused by accidentally duplicating the same picture when formatting the figure.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and user satisfaction of the MAIA^(TM)telemedicine platform for postoperative telemonitoring and telerehabilitation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Methods:Patients undergoing RARP(from April 2022 to January 2023)were divided into Group A,following the standard rehabilitation protocol,and Group B using the MAIA^(TM)platform for the first 30-day post-intervention period.Perioperative,pathological,and functional variables(continence and potency rates,assessed via validated questionnaires)were collected and telerehabilitation protocol’s adherence was monitored.The telerehabilitation system included an online platform for medical providers and a patient application,facilitating data acquisition,management,treatment planning,and monitoring.Patient and provider satisfactionwere evaluated using the visual analogue scale score and validated telemedicine satisfaction questionnaire.Results:Totally,227 patients were enrolled.No differences in perioperative or pathological variables were found.Group B had higher potency recovery rates than Group A(p=0.031);the potency recovery rates at 1 month and 3 months for Group B were 45%and 57%,respectively,and in Group A were 34%and 48%,respectively.At the multivariate analysis,MAIA^(TM)use and the nerve-sparing(NS)were independent predictors of erectile function at both 1 month(MAIA^(TM)use:odd ratio[OR]2.03,95%confidence interval[CI]1.13-3.63,p=0.018;NS:OR 2.08,95%CI 1.06-4.12,p=0.034)and 3 months(MAIA^(TM)use:OR 1.89,95%CI 1.07-3.34,p=0.028;NS:OR 1.90;95%CI 1.02-3.54,p=0.044).Adherencemonitoring revealed 4.6%of patients in Group B reported exercise issues due to pelvic pain onset and 10%did not take oral phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors due to myalgia.All those patients restarted the rehabilitation program after televisit to address the causing problem,allowing restarting of a rehabilitation program.Patients reported high satisfaction with the MAIA^(TM)platform use(mean visual analogue scale score:88.7).Conclusion:The MAIA^(TM)telemedicine platform seems to have a role in optimizing early potency recovery after RARP.Patient and provider satisfaction levels were high,emphasizing the user-friendliness of the platform.
基金supported in part by funding from BeiGene,Ltd.,USA(Grant No.:KPR081)with additional support from the Alessandra Bono Foundation,Italy.
文摘Pamiparib is a potent and selective oral poly(adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-ribose)-polymerase(PARP)1/2inhibitor(PARPi).Pamiparib has good bioavailability and shows greater cytotoxic potency and similar DNA-trapping capacity compared to olaparib.It is not affected by adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette transporters.
基金Supported by Science and Technical Development Plan of Jilin City(2013210029)Fund for Supporting Key Subjects in Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College(2013x023)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentrated 50 times and then inactivated. Complete virions were separated and collected by chromatography with Sepharose 4 Fast Flow. Oil adjuvant was added to prepare purified inactivated vaccine. [Result] Viral protein was separated from other proteins by purification and the viral protein contents ranged from 76.7% to 82.4%, and 96% of the expected serum proteins were removed. Protective potency of purified vaccine was above 4/5 and positive conversion rate of antibody was over 86%, both higher than that of unpurified vaccine. The differences were significant. [Conclusion] The experiment il-lustrated that the immune efficacy of vaccine can be enhanced through concentrat- ing and purifying, while the non-viral protein can be removed, so that allergic reaction and stress response cadsed by vaccine inoculation can be avoided.
文摘The aim of this study was to validate the advantages of the intrafascial nerve-sparing technique compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. From March 2010 to August 2011, 65 patients with localized prostate cancer （PCa） underwent bilateral intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. These patients were matched in a 1.2 ratio to 130 patients with localized PCa who had undergone bilateral interfascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between January 2008 and August 2011. Operative data and oncological and functional results of both groups were compared. There was no difference in operative data, pathological stages and overall rates of positive surgical margins between the groups. There were 9 and 13 patients lost to follow-up in the intrafascial group and interfascial group, respectively. The intrafascial technique provided earlier recovery of continence at both 3 and 6 months than the interfascial technique. Equal results in terms of continence were found in both groups at 12 months. Better rates of potency at 6 months and 12 months were found in younger patients （age 65 years） and overall patients who had undergone the intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Biochemical progression-free survival rates I year postoperatively were similar in both groups. Using strict indications, compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique, the intrafascial technique provided similar operative outcomes and short-term oncological results, quicker recovery of continence and better potency. The intrafascial nerve-sparing technique is recommended as a preferred approach for young PCa patients who are clinical stages cT1 to cT2a and have normal preoperative potency.
基金financially supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences.University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET).Algeria(grant No.F0232009/0009)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673207)Special Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Public Scientific Research Institutes(No.562018Y-5983)Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition(No.2017SICR115,2017SICR101)
文摘The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401558)the Application Fundamental Key Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2013FA011)+1 种基金the Education Department Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2014J022)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014T70887)
文摘17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 81773566, 21602092, 81473095)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos. lzujbky-2017-134, lzujbky-2017-120, lzujbky-2016-21)
文摘Dimerization is an effective strategy for designing antimicrobial peptides that combine the advantages of different native peptides. In this study, we explored the effects of different linker amino acids, including leucine, proline and aminocaproic acid, on the anticancer, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the heteromeric antimicrobial peptides AM-1, AM-2, and AM-3. Proline and aminocaproic acid are ideal linkers for increasing the potency and selectivity of heteromeric antimicrobial peptides. The results of MD simulations provided a rationalization for this observation. Both AM-2, which had a proline linker,and AM-3, which had an aminocaproic acid linker, adopted a compact conformation in water and a bent conformation in membranes. This change in the flexible structures of AM-2 and AM-3 could have resulted in decreased binding of these peptides to zwitterionic lipid bilayers and increased damage to mixed lipid bilayers containing acidic phospholipids. In short, these findings obtained via assessing the effects of linker amino acids will contribute to the design of ideal heteromeric antimicrobial peptides with high selectivity and potency.
基金Supported by Ventrus Biosciences,Inc.,New York,NY,United States
文摘AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.
文摘In an era of globalization and increased global demand for herbal medicines, it is essential to ensure the quality and consistency of drugs. Changes in the quality of an herbal product over time should be detectable. The assessments of chemical quality and therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs are necessary to establish their shelf-lives. Thus, stability testing is needed to establish standards for herbal products. Unani medicine has its own conceptual framework for studying health and disease. The mode of treatment includes Ilaj bit Tadbeer(regimental therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza(dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa(pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj bil Yad/Jarahat(surgery) as a final option. Ilaj bil Dawa is the most used mode of treatment.The drugs include either crude drugs prepared from plant, animal and mineral sources, called Mufrad(single) drugs or various formulations prepared from these crude drugs, called Murakkab(compound)drugs. To date, stability studies have been carried out on compound drugs, whereas only a few single drugs had had their stability tested. These studies are needed to understand how the quality of an herbal drug varies over the time when it is prepared and consumed. This may also help to standardize procedures for manufacturing compound formulations ab initio. The present study reviews the concept of Aamar-e-Advia(shelf-lives) described in the literature of the Unani system of medicine. Further, various factors that are considered important to assess the shelf-life of Unani drugs are discussed in the context of contemporary protocols for shelf-life assessment.
文摘Antibiotics are the chemotherapeutic agents that kill or inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms.Resistance of microorganism to antibiotics is a growing problem around the world due to indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics.In order to overcome the resistance problem and to safely use antibiotics,the correct measurement of potency and bioactivity of antibiotics is essential.Microbiological assay and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method are used to quantify the potency of antibiotics.HPLC method is commonly used for the quantification of potency of antibiotics,but unable to determine the bioactivity;whereas microbiological assay estimates both potency and bioactivity of antibiotics.Additionally,bioassay is used to estimate the effective dose against antibiotic resistant microbes.Simultaneously,microbiological assay addresses the several parameters such as minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）,minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）,mutation prevention concentration（MPC） and critical concentration（Ccr） which are used to describe the potency in a more informative way.Microbiological assay is a simple,sensitive,precise and cost effective method which gives reproducible results similar to HPLC.However,the HPLC cannot be a complete substitute for microbiological assay and both methods have their own significance to obtain more realistic and precise results.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81172734
文摘AIM: To assess the 6-mo and 12-mo functional outcomes after retropubic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy retropubic radical prostatectomy(RRP) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP); robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy(RARP). METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the Pub Med, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and the Web of Knowledge databases updated to March, 2014 for relevant published studies. After data extraction and quality assessment via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk ofbias, meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.1. Either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was used. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, and verified by the Egger linear regression test. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies were identified in total: 14 articles comparing LRP with RRP, 12 articles comparing RARP with RRP, and 11 articles comparing RARP with LRP. For urinary continence, a statistically significant advantage was observed in RARP compared with LRP or RRP both at 6 mo [odds ratio(OR) = 1.93; P < 0.01, OR = 2.23; P < 0.05, respectively] and 12 mo(OR = 1.47; P < 0.01, OR = 2.93; P < 0.01, respectively) postoperatively. The continence recovery rates after LRP and RRP, with obvious heterogeneity(6-mo: I2 = 74%; 12-mo: I2 = 75%), were equivalent(6-mo: P = 0.52; 12-mo: P = 0.75). In terms of potency recovery, for the first time, we ranked the three surgical approaches into a superiority level: RARP > LRP > RRP, with a statistically significant difference at 12 mo [RARP vs LRP(OR = 1.99; P < 0.01); RARP vs RRP(OR = 2.66; P < 0.01); LRP vs RRP(OR = 1.34; P < 0.05)], respectively. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses according to adjustment of the age, body mass index, prostate volume, Gleason score or prostate-specific antigen did not vary significantly. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that minimally invasive approaches(RARP or LRP) are effective procedures for functional recovery. However, more high-quality randomized control trials investigating the long-term functional outcomes are needed.
基金supported by the Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing,Chinathe Shanghai Supercomputer Center,China+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21273268,11290164,and 11175230)the Startup Funding from Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y290011011)"Hundred People Project"from Chinese Academy of Sciences"Pu-jiang Rencai Project"from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Grant No.13PJ1410400)
文摘Anesthetics are extremely important in modem surgery to greatly reduce the patient,s pain. The understanding of anesthesia at molecular level is the preliminary step for the application of anesthetics in clinic safely and effectively. Inert gases, with low chemical activity, have been found to cause anesthesia for centuries, but the mechanism is unclear yet. In this review, we first summarize the progress of theories about general anesthesia, especially for inert gas narcosis, and then propose a new hypothesis that the aggregated rather than the dispersed inert gas molecules are the key to trigger the narcosis to explain the steep dose-response relationship of anesthesia.
基金the China National"863"Program(Approval No.2011AA10A212)Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(ApprovalNo.201203056)
文摘Potency is one of the most important indexes of inactivated vaccines.A number of methods have been established to assay the potency,of which the NIH test and single-dose mouse protection test are the "prescribed methods".Here,we report a method to semi-quantitatively assay the potency of an inactivated rabies vaccine,which uses fewer animals and takes less time to complete.Depending on the quality requirements of a vaccine(e.g.minimum potency),a rabies reference vaccine is,for example,diluted to the minimum potency,and 50 μL of the dilution is taken to inoculate 10 mice.The same amount of the test rabies vaccine is inoculated into another 10 mice.After two weeks,all mice are bled and serum samples are assayed for viral neutralizing antibody by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization(FAVN) test.By comparing the median and interquartile range of antibody titers of the reference vaccine with those of the test vaccine,the test vaccine potency can be semi-quantitatively judged as to whether it is in accord with the required quality.The reliability of this method was also confirmed in dogs.The procedure can be recommended for batch potency testing during inactivated rabies vaccine production.
文摘Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less popularity of the products even among the researching field. Since then some of the bio-functional works of the black garlic gradually appeared along with gaining of its popularity. Representative bio-activities reported up to now are： （1） enhancement of anti-tumor potency in the mouse tumor model; （2） immune system enforcement, and suppressive act against allergic symptoms caused by decreasing IL-4 cytokine production; （3） bacteria killing potency; （4） anti-oxidant activity; （5） reduction of carcinogenic potency; （6） lowering cholesterol level and preventive work against obesity; （7） controlling high blood pressure; （8） beneficial effect against diabetics; （9） regenerative effect to the burned skin （Clinical study case） et al. On the black garlic business （marketing）, the Aomori Black Garlic Union （Association） had been established in Aomori Prefecture to offer the citizen high quality, high safety and high security black garlic （products） aiming at contribution for health improvement. All union members are now exerting themselves to the most to attain the high quality production of the black garlic. The quality proving certification seal will be issued to the products that passed the quality approval test by the third party inspections to place it on the their products. This system is now effectively working to guarantee the garlic quality and differentiate the Union member＇s products from others at the markets.
文摘The aim of the paper was to determine benz(a)-pyrene in the preparations containing humates and study the benz(a)pyrene biological potency for the agricultural plants. The research methodology included the determination of the dependencies in the system “substance concentration (dose)—effect on the plant”. Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene in 12 samples of the humates preparations and fertilizers based on their trademarks “Irkutsk humates”, obtained from brown coal, varied in the range from 0.3 to 50 mcg/kg, which creates no soil contamination in conditions of the use of preparations. Between contents of benz(a)pyrene and humates there is a correlation (rxy = 0.95;α = 0.05). It is ascertained that the effects of stimulation and/or inhibition of the growth and yield of agricultural plants depend on the concentration of benz(a)pyrene and the method of plant processing. Optimal concentrations of benz(a)pyrene were 150-200 ng/dm3 for preplant way of processing of potato tubers, 3-10 ng/dm3—for top dressing (spraying) and 0.1-0.3 ng/dm3—for dressing under the roots (hydroponic). The obtained results allowed us to offer one of the possible mechanisms of biological potency of humates as the plant growth stimulants, and also a way testing of the preparations by screening of their benz(a)pyrene content.
文摘Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used as an energy efficient alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS), which have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in cannabis cultivation. However, there is a lack of scientific understanding in the cannabis industry regarding plant physiology, which has resulted in the adoption of cannabis cultivation methods based on hearsay rather than scientific research. The goals of this study were to 1) compare LED lighting options that are commonly used in the cannabis industry and 2) compare the top performing LED light with an industry standard HPS light. Specifically, three LED lights were compared (California Light Works ((SolarSystem 1100), BIOS Lighting (Icarus Gi2), and Fluence Bioengineering (now Fluence by Osram) (SPYDR xPLUS)), based on light distribution, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic performance indices. The LED versus HPS comparison was based on light response curves measured at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 μmol<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>), carbon assimilation rates (<em>A</em>) μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> using a LiCor-6800 and resulting cannabinoid potency (THCA). The SPYDR xPLUS-Fluence by Osram had the highest performing LED light used in the LED comparison. At the suggested distance from bulb to canopy in the HPS versus LED comparison (6 inches for LEDs and 4 ft for HPS), carbon assimilation rates displayed a 142% percent increase in plants grown under LED vs. HPS with average photon flux densities of 795 and 298 μmol<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>m<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>s<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> for LED and HPS, respectively. All cultivars of<em> Cannabis sativa </em>L. showed increased cannabinoid potency when grown under LED illumination. The results of this study provide further insight regarding the selection of supplemental light to achieve maximum productivity of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.
文摘The objective of this study is to propose the Parametric Seven-Number Summary (PSNS) as a significance test for normality and to verify its accuracy and power in comparison with two well-known tests, such as Royston’s W test and D’Agostino-Belanger-D’Agostino K-squared test. An experiment with 384 conditions was simulated. The conditions were generated by crossing 24 sample sizes and 16 types of continuous distributions: one normal and 15 non-normal. The percentage of success in maintaining the null hypothesis of normality against normal samples and in rejecting the null hypothesis against non-normal samples (accuracy) was calculated. In addition, the type II error against normal samples and the statistical power against normal samples were computed. Comparisons of percentage and means were performed using Cochran’s Q-test, Friedman’s test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. With sample sizes of 150 or greater, high accuracy and mean power or type II error (≥0.70 and ≥0.80, respectively) were achieved. All three normality tests were similarly accurate;however, the PSNS-based test showed lower mean power than K-squared and W tests, especially against non-normal samples of symmetrical-platykurtic distributions, such as the uniform, semicircle, and arcsine distributions. It is concluded that the PSNS-based omnibus test is accurate and powerful for testing normality with samples of at least 150 observations.
