A study was carried out between November 2010 and April 2011 to assess the availability and potability of water from alternative water sources in Harare,Zimbabwe's capital city.A survey of 256 households from a to...A study was carried out between November 2010 and April 2011 to assess the availability and potability of water from alternative water sources in Harare,Zimbabwe's capital city.A survey of 256 households from a total of 10 high,medium and low income suburbs and informal settlements was undertaken to assess types and amount of water consumed.This was complemented by a water quality study that assessed a selection of physical,chemical and bacteriological parameters.Quality of the water was compared to World Health Organisation and Zimbabwean standards.All households were found to rely on water sources other than municipal water.Per capita water consumption across settlements was found to be below the recommended upper limit of 50 litres per person per day except in one high income suburb,but above the recommended lower limit of 15 litres.All samples were within the acceptable limit for color but above the acceptable limit for turbidity.Chemical parameters were found to be within the acceptable range except for total hardness,where 35%of the samples were above the acceptable range.About a third of the samples from low income suburbs and informal settlements were above the acceptable limit for faecal and total coliforms.展开更多
The present study aims to develop a new hybrid Fuzzy Simulink model to assess the groundwater quality levels in Tiruchirappalli city, South India. Water quality management is an important issue in the modern times. Th...The present study aims to develop a new hybrid Fuzzy Simulink model to assess the groundwater quality levels in Tiruchirappalli city, South India. Water quality management is an important issue in the modern times. The data collected for Tiruchirappalli city have been utilized to develop the approach. This is illustrated with seventy nine groundwater samples collected from Tiruchirappalli city Corporation, South India. The characteristics of the groundwater for this plain were monitored during the years 2006 and 2008. The quality of groundwater at several established stations within the plain were assessed using Fuzzy Logic (FL) and GIS maps. The results of the calculated FL and GIS maps with the monitoring study have yielded good agreement. Groundwater quality for potability indicated high to moderate water pollution levels at Srirangam, Ariyamangalam, Golden Rock and K. Abisekapurm zones of the study area, depending on factors such as depth to groundwater, constituents of groundwater and vulnerability of groundwater to pollution. Fuzzy logic simulation approach has shown to be a practical, simple and useful tool to assess groundwater quality assessment for potability. This approach is capable of showing and updating the water quality assessment for drinking.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to assess the physical and chemical quality of borehole water intended for consumption in the collines department in Benin. At the end of a sampling campaign, twenty-one (21) drinking wate...The purpose of this study is to assess the physical and chemical quality of borehole water intended for consumption in the collines department in Benin. At the end of a sampling campaign, twenty-one (21) drinking water points were sampled. Different physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analysis methods. The results of the analysis of the samples, showed that the groundwater of the department of the hills </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">is</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> characterized by a neutral pH and an average electrical conductivity in accordance with the WHO and Benin standard relating to the potability of groundwater. With this pH neutrality which would be linked to the nature of geological formations made up of crystalline rocks, the water in the hills is moderately hard with hardness values </span><span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">of 208 mg/L on average for magnesium ions of 22.54 mg/L </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">on</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> average and calcium ions of the order of 46.03 mg/L on average at the scale of the various localities and an alkalinity is of 43.81 mg/L on average. The </span><span><span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span> </span>values </span><span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">between 0 and 163.91 mg/L are low in the South-East and very high, even exceeding the standard accepted by WHO in the West and North-East of the study area. This nitrate pollution and the fairly high levels of organic matter in total nitrogen observed in the groundwater of the hills could also have an impact on the vulnerability of the water table. And this pollution with nitrates associated with electrical conductivity and chloride levels modifies and degrades from one drinking water point to another the potability of underground water in the hills.展开更多
The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 k...The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 key-informants were surveyed, including water-well owners, well-digging companies, water-trucking suppliers, agricultural pharmacies, and service offices within local councils. The surveys covered all nine districts in northwestern Syria across the Aleppo and the Idleb governorates. The survey findings reveal significant shifts in water sources, an almost halving in water availability and per capita consumption, and a notable decrease in water quality. Coping mechanisms include random well drilling and reduced hygiene practices. Water pumping stations face challenges with functionality, and there is a shift towards clean energy sources, particularly solar energy. Challenges identified by the survey respondents include drought, fuel costs, and damaged water networks. The study highlights the urgency of addressing the potable water crisis in Northwest Syria and suggests specific interventions to enhance water sustainability and governance.展开更多
文摘A study was carried out between November 2010 and April 2011 to assess the availability and potability of water from alternative water sources in Harare,Zimbabwe's capital city.A survey of 256 households from a total of 10 high,medium and low income suburbs and informal settlements was undertaken to assess types and amount of water consumed.This was complemented by a water quality study that assessed a selection of physical,chemical and bacteriological parameters.Quality of the water was compared to World Health Organisation and Zimbabwean standards.All households were found to rely on water sources other than municipal water.Per capita water consumption across settlements was found to be below the recommended upper limit of 50 litres per person per day except in one high income suburb,but above the recommended lower limit of 15 litres.All samples were within the acceptable limit for color but above the acceptable limit for turbidity.Chemical parameters were found to be within the acceptable range except for total hardness,where 35%of the samples were above the acceptable range.About a third of the samples from low income suburbs and informal settlements were above the acceptable limit for faecal and total coliforms.
文摘The present study aims to develop a new hybrid Fuzzy Simulink model to assess the groundwater quality levels in Tiruchirappalli city, South India. Water quality management is an important issue in the modern times. The data collected for Tiruchirappalli city have been utilized to develop the approach. This is illustrated with seventy nine groundwater samples collected from Tiruchirappalli city Corporation, South India. The characteristics of the groundwater for this plain were monitored during the years 2006 and 2008. The quality of groundwater at several established stations within the plain were assessed using Fuzzy Logic (FL) and GIS maps. The results of the calculated FL and GIS maps with the monitoring study have yielded good agreement. Groundwater quality for potability indicated high to moderate water pollution levels at Srirangam, Ariyamangalam, Golden Rock and K. Abisekapurm zones of the study area, depending on factors such as depth to groundwater, constituents of groundwater and vulnerability of groundwater to pollution. Fuzzy logic simulation approach has shown to be a practical, simple and useful tool to assess groundwater quality assessment for potability. This approach is capable of showing and updating the water quality assessment for drinking.
文摘The purpose of this study is to assess the physical and chemical quality of borehole water intended for consumption in the collines department in Benin. At the end of a sampling campaign, twenty-one (21) drinking water points were sampled. Different physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analysis methods. The results of the analysis of the samples, showed that the groundwater of the department of the hills </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">is</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> characterized by a neutral pH and an average electrical conductivity in accordance with the WHO and Benin standard relating to the potability of groundwater. With this pH neutrality which would be linked to the nature of geological formations made up of crystalline rocks, the water in the hills is moderately hard with hardness values </span><span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">of 208 mg/L on average for magnesium ions of 22.54 mg/L </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">on</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> average and calcium ions of the order of 46.03 mg/L on average at the scale of the various localities and an alkalinity is of 43.81 mg/L on average. The </span><span><span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span> </span>values </span><span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">between 0 and 163.91 mg/L are low in the South-East and very high, even exceeding the standard accepted by WHO in the West and North-East of the study area. This nitrate pollution and the fairly high levels of organic matter in total nitrogen observed in the groundwater of the hills could also have an impact on the vulnerability of the water table. And this pollution with nitrates associated with electrical conductivity and chloride levels modifies and degrades from one drinking water point to another the potability of underground water in the hills.
文摘The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 key-informants were surveyed, including water-well owners, well-digging companies, water-trucking suppliers, agricultural pharmacies, and service offices within local councils. The surveys covered all nine districts in northwestern Syria across the Aleppo and the Idleb governorates. The survey findings reveal significant shifts in water sources, an almost halving in water availability and per capita consumption, and a notable decrease in water quality. Coping mechanisms include random well drilling and reduced hygiene practices. Water pumping stations face challenges with functionality, and there is a shift towards clean energy sources, particularly solar energy. Challenges identified by the survey respondents include drought, fuel costs, and damaged water networks. The study highlights the urgency of addressing the potable water crisis in Northwest Syria and suggests specific interventions to enhance water sustainability and governance.
