AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of head compensatory postures to ensure safe oropharyngeal transit. METHODS: A total of 321 dysphagia patients were enrolled and assessed with videofluoromanometry (VFM). The dysp...AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of head compensatory postures to ensure safe oropharyngeal transit. METHODS: A total of 321 dysphagia patients were enrolled and assessed with videofluoromanometry (VFM). The dysphagia patients were classified as follows: safe transit; penetration without aspiration; aspiration before, during or after swallowing; multiple aspirations and no transit. The patients with aspiration or no transit were tested with VFM to determine whether compensatory postures could correct their swallowing disorder. RESULTS: VFM revealed penetration without aspiration in 71 patients (22.1%); aspiration before swallowing in 17 patients (5.3%); aspiration during swallowing in 32 patients (10%); aspiration after swallowing in 21 patients (6.5%); multiple aspirations in six patients (1.9%); no transit in five patients (1.6%); and safe transit in 169 patients (52.6%). Compensatory postures guaranteed a safe transit in 66/75 (88%) patients with aspiration or no transit. A chin-down posture achieved a safe swallow in 42/75 (56%) patients, a head-turned posture in 19/75 (25.3%) and a hyperextended head posture in 5/75 (6.7%). The compensatory postures were not effective in 9/75 (12%) cases. CONCLUSION: VFM allows the speech-language therapist to choose the most effective compensatory posture without a trial-and-error process and check the effectiveness of the posture.展开更多
We present a novel methodology and strategy to predict pressures and flow rates in the global cardiovascular network in different postures varying from supine to upright. A closed-loop, multiscale mathematical model o...We present a novel methodology and strategy to predict pressures and flow rates in the global cardiovascular network in different postures varying from supine to upright. A closed-loop, multiscale mathematical model of the entire cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed through an integration of one-dimensional (1D) modeling of the large systemic arteries and veins, and zero-dimensional (0D) lumped-parameter modeling of the heart, the cardiac-pulmonary circulation, the cardiac and venous valves, as well as the microcirculation. A versatile junction model is proposed and incorporated into the 1D model to cope with splitting and/or merging flows across a multibranched junction, which is validated to be capable of estimating both subcritical and supercritical flows while ensuring the mass conservation and total pressure continuity. To model gravitational effects on global hemodynamics during postural change, a robust venous valve model is further established for the 1D venous flows and distributed throughout the entire venous network with consideration of its anatomically realistic numbers and locations. The present integrated model is proven to enable reasonable prediction of pressure and flow rate waveforms associated with cardiopulmonary circulation, systemic circulation in arteries and veins, as well as microcirculation within normal physiological ranges, particularly in mean venous pressures, which well match the in vivo measurements. Applications of the cardiovascular model at different postures demonstrate that gravity exerts remarkable influence on arterial and venous pressures, venous returns and cardiac outputs whereas venous pressures below the heart level show a specific correlation between central venous and hydrostatic pressures in right atrium and veins.展开更多
At a different angle, this study analyzed the contour chart of blood flow pressure, extreme pressure and its position to quantify DBFP in thirteen different postures with gravity considered or not (G ≠ 0 or G = 0). T...At a different angle, this study analyzed the contour chart of blood flow pressure, extreme pressure and its position to quantify DBFP in thirteen different postures with gravity considered or not (G ≠ 0 or G = 0). The aim was to determine the suitable body positions, in which the postural model of a single vessel could be simplified to two-dimensional (2D) symmetrical one while only considering such factors as posture and gravity. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed. Numerical results demonstrated that the DBFP showed 2D axisymmetry at ±90° and three-dimensional (3D) asymmetry at any other posture with G ≠ 0, and 2D axisymmetrical one at any posture with G = 0. Therefore, modeling a vessel as a 2D model is feasible in space and at ±90° posture on earth. In addition, the maximum pressure occurred between the inlet and the middle of the vessel, and its position variation mainly happened in the range of 0° - 15°. For a single vessel, this study provides the first theoretical evidence for cardiovascular modeling in microgravity and may help guide the researchers in designing defense devices for astronauts or patients clinically.展开更多
A proper landing posture is significant to the reduction of both the im-pact force acting on the human body and the injury at landing.In this paper theimpact force acting on human feet is studied.The subjects were 3 m...A proper landing posture is significant to the reduction of both the im-pact force acting on the human body and the injury at landing.In this paper theimpact force acting on human feet is studied.The subjects were 3 maleparachuters.The experiments were performed by means of high-speed photography and amotor analyzer.The experimental results are as follows:(1)When the subjectjumped from two platforms 1.0m and 1.5m in height,a vertical impact force onthe feet in half-squat posture was larger than in side spin posture.(2)When thesubject jumped from the platform 1.0m high,the feet gained a horizontal impactforce in the half-squat posture,larger than in the side spin posture.When thesubject jumped from the platform 1.5m high,the horizontal impact force pro-duced by both of the above-mentioned postures were just the same,which needsfurther research.(3)In terms of reducing the impact force acting on the feet,theside spin posture is better than the half-squat posture.展开更多
Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic accidents.While most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts,few are conducted in side impact.This study focuses on the difference of neck injury und...Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic accidents.While most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts,few are conducted in side impact.This study focuses on the difference of neck injury under different postures and the difference of 7 cervical vertebras under the same posture using the method of prescribed structure motion（PSM）.The analytical results show that the maximum changes of mean force and mean moment of 7 cervical vertebras under 8 different postures are 20% and 47% respectively.The variation of each cervical vertebra is different under different neck postures.Up cervical vertebras （C1-C4） and low cervical vertebras （C5-C7） suffer different forces and moments under the same neck posture.Generally speaking,No.6 （neck right leaning 40°） is the posture with lowest neck injury risk.展开更多
Clothing plays a crucial role in determining human thermal comfort.However,most existing models of clothing thermal resistance primarily focus on predicting the overall and local thermal resistance in a standing postu...Clothing plays a crucial role in determining human thermal comfort.However,most existing models of clothing thermal resistance primarily focus on predicting the overall and local thermal resistance in a standing posture.A few models can predict the overall thermal resistance in a sitting posture,but they do not account for local thermal resistance.Therefore,in this study,a mathematical model to predict the overall and local thermal resistance of clothing under various body postures is presented.The geometric models of the human body and clothing were constructed using three-dimensional virtual simulation technology to determine the geometric parameters.The predicted overall and local thermal resistances of 19 ensembles in different postures were compared with experimental data from previous studies.The ensembles validated in this study included single-layer and double-layer clothing for daily wear.The results demonstrated that the predicted values agreed well with the experimental data.The errors of predicted overall and most local thermal resistance were within 15%and 20%,respectively.Furthermore,the model exhibited higher accuracy and resolution compared to previous models.Finally,the effect of posture on clothing thermal resistance was analyzed,providing reliable guidance for the design of clothing thermal performance.This study has significant implications for clothing design and thermal comfort prediction,contributing to improving human thermal comfort.展开更多
Although significant advances in the design of soft robotic hands have been made to mimic the structure of the human hands,there are great challenges to control them for coordinated and human-like postures.Based on th...Although significant advances in the design of soft robotic hands have been made to mimic the structure of the human hands,there are great challenges to control them for coordinated and human-like postures.Based on the principle of postural synergies in the human hand,we present a synergistic approach for coordinated control of a soft robotic hand to replicate the human-like grasp postures.To this end,we firstly develop a kinematic model to describe the control variables and the various postures of the soft robotic hand.Based on the postural synergies,we use the developed model and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method to describe the various postures of the soft robotic hand in a low-dimensional space formed by the synergies of actuator motions.Therefore,the coordinates of these synergies can be used as low-dimensional control inputs for the soft robotic hand with a higher-dimensional postural space.Finally,we establish an experimental platform on a customized soft robotic hand with6 pneumatical actuators to verify the effectiveness of the development.Experimental results demonstrate that with only a 2-dimensional control input,the soft robotic hand can reliably replicate 30 grasp postures in the Feix taxonomy of the human hand.展开更多
Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy in treating postures of primary school students with upper crossed syndrome(UCS).Methods:Sixty pupils with UCS w...Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy in treating postures of primary school students with upper crossed syndrome(UCS).Methods:Sixty pupils with UCS were divided into an exercise group and a combination group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The combination group received treatments of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy,while the exercise group received exercise therapy alone.The two groups received interventions once every other day,for a total of 1 month.The sagittal static posture assessment total score,forward head angle(FHA)and forward shoulder angle(FSA)were compared before and after treatment;the sagittal static assessment total score,FHA and FSA were compared between the exercise group and the combination group.Results:Before treatment,there were no significant differences comparing the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA between the two groups(all P>0.05);after treatment,the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA decreased in the two groups,with intra-group statistical significance(all P<0.01),and were lower in the combination group than in the exercise group,with inter-group statistical significance(all P<0.01).Conclusion:Sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy can notably improve the FHA and FSA and reduce the sagittal static posture total score in pupils with UCS,so as to correct the bad postures and adjust UCS physique.It can produce more significant efficacy compared with exercise therapy alone.展开更多
Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervo...Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].展开更多
Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,...Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.展开更多
This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessmen...This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.展开更多
To improve the safety of construction workers and help workers remotely control humanoid robots in construc-tion,this study designs and implements a computer vision based virtual construction simulation system.For thi...To improve the safety of construction workers and help workers remotely control humanoid robots in construc-tion,this study designs and implements a computer vision based virtual construction simulation system.For this pur-pose,human skeleton motion data are collected using a Ki-nect depth camera,and the obtained data are optimized via abnormal data elimination,smoothing,and normalization.MediaPipe extracts three-dimensional hand motion coordi-nates for accurate human posture tracking.Blender is used to build a virtual worker and site model,and the virtual worker motion is controlled based on the quaternion inverse kinematics algorithm while limiting the joint angle to en-hance the authenticity of motion simulation.Experimental results show that the system frame rate is stable at 60 frame/s,end-to-end delay is less than 20 ms,and virtual task comple-tion time is close to the real scene,verifying its engineering applicability.The proposed system can drive virtual work-ers to perform tasks and provide technical support for con-struction safety training.展开更多
To overcome the deficiencies of single-modal emotion recognition based on facial expression or bodily posture in natural scenes,a spatial guidance and temporal enhancement(SG-TE)network is proposed for facial-bodily e...To overcome the deficiencies of single-modal emotion recognition based on facial expression or bodily posture in natural scenes,a spatial guidance and temporal enhancement(SG-TE)network is proposed for facial-bodily emotion recognition.First,ResNet50,DNN and spatial ransformer models are used to capture facial texture vectors,bodily skeleton vectors and wholebody geometric vectors,and an intraframe correlation attention guidance(S-CAG)mechanism,which guides the facial texture vector and the bodily skeleton vector by the whole-body geometric vector,is designed to exploit the spatial potential emotional correlation between face and posture.Second,an interframe significant segment enhancement(T-SSE)structure is embedded into a temporal transformer to enhance high emotional intensity frame information and avoid emotional asynchrony.Finally,an adaptive weight assignment(M-AWA)strategy is constructed to realise facial-bodily fusion.The experimental results on the BabyRobot Emotion Dataset(BRED)and Context-Aware Emotion Recognition(CAER)dataset indicate that the proposed network reaches accuracies of 81.61%and 89.39%,which are 9.61%and 9.46%higher than those of the baseline network,respectively.Compared with the state-of-the-art methods,the proposed method achieves 7.73%and 20.57%higher accuracy than single-modal methods based on facial expression or bodily posture,respectively,and 2.16%higher accuracy than the dual-modal methods based on facial-bodily fusion.Therefore,the proposed method,which adaptively fuses the complementary information of face and posture,improves the quality of emotion recognition in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Advancements in deep learning have considerably enhanced techniques for Rapid Entire Body Assess-ment(REBA)pose estimation by leveraging progress in three-dimensional human modeling.This survey provides an extensive o...Advancements in deep learning have considerably enhanced techniques for Rapid Entire Body Assess-ment(REBA)pose estimation by leveraging progress in three-dimensional human modeling.This survey provides an extensive overview of recent advancements,particularly emphasizing monocular image-based methodologies and their incorporation into ergonomic risk assessment frameworks.By reviewing literature from 2016 to 2024,this study offers a current and comprehensive analysis of techniques,existing challenges,and emerging trends in three-dimensional human pose estimation.In contrast to traditional reviews organized by learning paradigms,this survey examines how three-dimensional pose estimation is effectively utilized within musculoskeletal disorder(MSD)assessments,focusing on essential advancements,comparative analyses,and ergonomic implications.We extend existing image-based clas-sification schemes by examining state-of-the-art two-dimensional models that enhance monocular three-dimensional prediction accuracy and analyze skeleton representations by evaluating joint connectivity and spatial configuration,offering insights into how structural variability influences model robustness.A core contribution of this work is the identification of a critical research gap:the limited exploration of estimating REBA scores directly from single RGB images using monocular three-dimensional pose estimation.Most existing studies depend on depth sensors or sequential inputs,limiting applicability in real-time and resource-constrained environments.Our review emphasizes this gap and proposes future research directions to develop accurate,lightweight,and generalizable models suitable for practical deployment.This survey is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in computer vision,ergonomics,and related disciplines,offering a structured understanding of current methodologies and guidance for future innovation in three-dimensional human pose estimation for REBA-based ergonomic risk assessment.展开更多
This study presents CGB-Net,a novel deep learning architecture specifically developed for classifying twelve distinct sleep positions using a single abdominal accelerometer,with direct applicability to gastroesophagea...This study presents CGB-Net,a novel deep learning architecture specifically developed for classifying twelve distinct sleep positions using a single abdominal accelerometer,with direct applicability to gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)monitoring.Unlike conventional approaches limited to four basic postures,CGB-Net enables fine-grained classification of twelve clinically relevant sleep positions,providing enhanced resolution for personalized health assessment.The architecture introduces a unique integration of three complementary components:1D Convolutional Neural Networks(1D-CNN)for efficient local spatial feature extraction,Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)to capture short-termtemporal dependencieswith reduced computational complexity,and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)networks for modeling long-term temporal context in both forward and backward directions.This complementary integration allows the model to better represent dynamic and contextual information inherent in the sensor data,surpassing the performance of simpler or previously published hybrid models.Experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset consisting of 18 volunteers(age range:19–24 years,mean 20.56±1.1 years;height 164.78±8.18 cm;weight 55.39±8.30 kg;BMI 20.24±2.04),monitored via a single abdominal accelerometer.A subjectindependent evaluation protocol with multiple random splits was employed to ensure robustness and generalizability.The proposed model achieves an average Accuracy of 87.60% and F1-score of 83.38%,both reported with standard deviations over multiple runs,outperforming several baseline and state-of-the-art methods.By releasing the dataset publicly and detailing themodel design,this work aims to facilitate reproducibility and advance research in sleep posture classification for clinical applications.展开更多
The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the probl...The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the problem,this paper proposes an integrated calibration method for structured light vision sensors.In the proposed system,the sensor is mounted on a crawler-type mobile robot,which scans and measures the center height of guardrails while in motion.However,due to external disturbances such as uneven road surfaces and vehicle vibrations,the posture of the robot may deviate,causing displacement of the sensor platform and resulting in spatial 3D measurement errors.To overcome this issue,the system integrates inertial measurement unit(IMU)data into the sensor calibration process,enabling realtime correction of posture deviations through sensor fusion.This approach achieves a unified calibration of the structured light vision system,effectively compensates for posture-induced errors,and enhances detection accuracy.A prototype was developed and tested in both laboratory and real highway environments.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate center height detection of guardrails under complex road conditions,significantly reduces posture-related measurement errors,and greatly improves the efficiency and reliability of traditional detection methods.展开更多
Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their environment.This study explores can...Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their environment.This study explores canopy and substrate use along with positional behavior in adult black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri,an endemic,critically endangered primate species in Gaoligong Mountains,southwest China.Using continuous focal animal sampling,we collected data over a 52-month period and found that R.strykeri is highly arboreal primarily using the high layers of the forest canopy(15–30 m),along with the terminal zone of tree crowns(52.9%),medium substrates(41.5%),and oblique substrates(56.8%).We also found sex differences in canopy and substrate use.Females use the terminal zones(56.7%versus 40.4%),small/medium(77.7%versus 60.1%),and oblique(59.9%versus 46.5%)substrates significantly more than males.On the other hand,males spend more time on large/very large(39.9%versus 22.3%)and horizontal(49.7%versus 35.2%)substrates.Whereas both sexes mainly sit(84.7%),and stand quadrupedally(9.1%),males stand quadrupedally(11.5%versus 8.3%),and bipedally(2.9%versus 0.8%)more often than females.Clamber,quadrupedalism,and leap/drop are the main locomotor modes for both sexes.Rhinopithecus strykeri populations never enter canopies of degenerated secondary forest and mainly use terminal branches in the middle and upper layers of canopies in intact mid-montane moist evergreen broadleaf forest and hemlock coniferous broadleaf mixed forests across their habitat.展开更多
Dinosaurs due to their diverse species and peculiar forms have drawn the interest of both artists and scientists. One way to unlock the unknown life of dinosaurs is to reconstruct dinosaurs through drawings, computer ...Dinosaurs due to their diverse species and peculiar forms have drawn the interest of both artists and scientists. One way to unlock the unknown life of dinosaurs is to reconstruct dinosaurs through drawings, computer animations or sculptures. Following the Introduction on “Dinosaur Reconstruction” by the present authors, where important Paleontological knowledge was presented, the next step is to examine some specific information along with necessary details for dinosaur reconstruction. The first and basic step to be taken for a reconstruction is the posture of the animal;this is the theme of the current paper. Dinosaurs would move either bipedally or quadrupedally depending on their kind and body construction. Based on the available literature, various issues in relation to the posture of an animal at different instances are examined. These are: postures of bipedal dinosaurs during walking, observation of living bipedal animals, postures of quadruped dinosaurs during walking, feeding styles, and dinosaur tails. Theropods had a locomotor behavior like modern birds, with the step width increasing when the animals decreased speed. The general posture and movement of quadrupeds and especially sauropods, remains a subject of great and much controversy. Some scientists believe that sauropod necks were generally held in a neutral or undeflected state during most of the time, while others believe that sauropod necks behaved like all present-day amniote with the mid-cervical region held nearly vertical. Also, there are indications that dinosaurs usually held their tails above ground. For all dinosaurs, the long tail was acting as a counterbalance to the head and body. As a validating example, the case of Amargasaurus is investigated with the help of a model, where the various positions of the animal are examined. A certain posture was chosen for a full-size steel and concrete reconstruction based on the features of the animal.展开更多
Mobile device research has been increasing rapidly in Human Computer Interaction （HCI） recently. Following this trend, this paper proposes a user-centered interface, which has been designed, completely installed and...Mobile device research has been increasing rapidly in Human Computer Interaction （HCI） recently. Following this trend, this paper proposes a user-centered interface, which has been designed, completely installed and independently run on a mobile phone. Video signal is steamed through its camera as the image input to the interface by employing techniques of image processing, computer vision and graphics to identify automatically absolute positions of human face, neck and two hands. A paradigm is also put up theoretically. And it embeds this interface to perceive the human postures and convert them into relaxed comic character according to its context.展开更多
Background: Sandifer syndrome (SS) is the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with neurological manifestations (spastic torticollis and paroxysmal dystonic postures with arching of the back and rigid...Background: Sandifer syndrome (SS) is the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with neurological manifestations (spastic torticollis and paroxysmal dystonic postures with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. Case presentation: A 3-month-old male infant presented to our emergency department with torticollis and dystonic episodes for two months associated with vomiting. These movements were observed during or just after feeding. Since the patient developed regurgitations with torticollis and dystonic episodes with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. The electroencephalogram was normal. Barium swallow/meal examination revealed GERD without evidence of hiatus hernia. Apgar scores were 7 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of GERD in patients with Sandifer syndrome enhance the success of medical management and contributes to improved quality of life for patients with brain damage. The paroxysmal dystonic behaviors were dramatically disappeared completely after medical management in this patient.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of head compensatory postures to ensure safe oropharyngeal transit. METHODS: A total of 321 dysphagia patients were enrolled and assessed with videofluoromanometry (VFM). The dysphagia patients were classified as follows: safe transit; penetration without aspiration; aspiration before, during or after swallowing; multiple aspirations and no transit. The patients with aspiration or no transit were tested with VFM to determine whether compensatory postures could correct their swallowing disorder. RESULTS: VFM revealed penetration without aspiration in 71 patients (22.1%); aspiration before swallowing in 17 patients (5.3%); aspiration during swallowing in 32 patients (10%); aspiration after swallowing in 21 patients (6.5%); multiple aspirations in six patients (1.9%); no transit in five patients (1.6%); and safe transit in 169 patients (52.6%). Compensatory postures guaranteed a safe transit in 66/75 (88%) patients with aspiration or no transit. A chin-down posture achieved a safe swallow in 42/75 (56%) patients, a head-turned posture in 19/75 (25.3%) and a hyperextended head posture in 5/75 (6.7%). The compensatory postures were not effective in 9/75 (12%) cases. CONCLUSION: VFM allows the speech-language therapist to choose the most effective compensatory posture without a trial-and-error process and check the effectiveness of the posture.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant 17300141)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Research and Development of the Next Generation Integrated Simulation of Living Matter, JST,a part of the Development and Use of the Next Generation Supercomputer Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japanthe RIKEN Junior Research Associate Program
文摘We present a novel methodology and strategy to predict pressures and flow rates in the global cardiovascular network in different postures varying from supine to upright. A closed-loop, multiscale mathematical model of the entire cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed through an integration of one-dimensional (1D) modeling of the large systemic arteries and veins, and zero-dimensional (0D) lumped-parameter modeling of the heart, the cardiac-pulmonary circulation, the cardiac and venous valves, as well as the microcirculation. A versatile junction model is proposed and incorporated into the 1D model to cope with splitting and/or merging flows across a multibranched junction, which is validated to be capable of estimating both subcritical and supercritical flows while ensuring the mass conservation and total pressure continuity. To model gravitational effects on global hemodynamics during postural change, a robust venous valve model is further established for the 1D venous flows and distributed throughout the entire venous network with consideration of its anatomically realistic numbers and locations. The present integrated model is proven to enable reasonable prediction of pressure and flow rate waveforms associated with cardiopulmonary circulation, systemic circulation in arteries and veins, as well as microcirculation within normal physiological ranges, particularly in mean venous pressures, which well match the in vivo measurements. Applications of the cardiovascular model at different postures demonstrate that gravity exerts remarkable influence on arterial and venous pressures, venous returns and cardiac outputs whereas venous pressures below the heart level show a specific correlation between central venous and hydrostatic pressures in right atrium and veins.
文摘At a different angle, this study analyzed the contour chart of blood flow pressure, extreme pressure and its position to quantify DBFP in thirteen different postures with gravity considered or not (G ≠ 0 or G = 0). The aim was to determine the suitable body positions, in which the postural model of a single vessel could be simplified to two-dimensional (2D) symmetrical one while only considering such factors as posture and gravity. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed. Numerical results demonstrated that the DBFP showed 2D axisymmetry at ±90° and three-dimensional (3D) asymmetry at any other posture with G ≠ 0, and 2D axisymmetrical one at any posture with G = 0. Therefore, modeling a vessel as a 2D model is feasible in space and at ±90° posture on earth. In addition, the maximum pressure occurred between the inlet and the middle of the vessel, and its position variation mainly happened in the range of 0° - 15°. For a single vessel, this study provides the first theoretical evidence for cardiovascular modeling in microgravity and may help guide the researchers in designing defense devices for astronauts or patients clinically.
文摘A proper landing posture is significant to the reduction of both the im-pact force acting on the human body and the injury at landing.In this paper theimpact force acting on human feet is studied.The subjects were 3 maleparachuters.The experiments were performed by means of high-speed photography and amotor analyzer.The experimental results are as follows:(1)When the subjectjumped from two platforms 1.0m and 1.5m in height,a vertical impact force onthe feet in half-squat posture was larger than in side spin posture.(2)When thesubject jumped from the platform 1.0m high,the feet gained a horizontal impactforce in the half-squat posture,larger than in the side spin posture.When thesubject jumped from the platform 1.5m high,the horizontal impact force pro-duced by both of the above-mentioned postures were just the same,which needsfurther research.(3)In terms of reducing the impact force acting on the feet,theside spin posture is better than the half-squat posture.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program) (2006AA110102)
文摘Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic accidents.While most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts,few are conducted in side impact.This study focuses on the difference of neck injury under different postures and the difference of 7 cervical vertebras under the same posture using the method of prescribed structure motion（PSM）.The analytical results show that the maximum changes of mean force and mean moment of 7 cervical vertebras under 8 different postures are 20% and 47% respectively.The variation of each cervical vertebra is different under different neck postures.Up cervical vertebras （C1-C4） and low cervical vertebras （C5-C7） suffer different forces and moments under the same neck posture.Generally speaking,No.6 （neck right leaning 40°） is the posture with lowest neck injury risk.
文摘Clothing plays a crucial role in determining human thermal comfort.However,most existing models of clothing thermal resistance primarily focus on predicting the overall and local thermal resistance in a standing posture.A few models can predict the overall thermal resistance in a sitting posture,but they do not account for local thermal resistance.Therefore,in this study,a mathematical model to predict the overall and local thermal resistance of clothing under various body postures is presented.The geometric models of the human body and clothing were constructed using three-dimensional virtual simulation technology to determine the geometric parameters.The predicted overall and local thermal resistances of 19 ensembles in different postures were compared with experimental data from previous studies.The ensembles validated in this study included single-layer and double-layer clothing for daily wear.The results demonstrated that the predicted values agreed well with the experimental data.The errors of predicted overall and most local thermal resistance were within 15%and 20%,respectively.Furthermore,the model exhibited higher accuracy and resolution compared to previous models.Finally,the effect of posture on clothing thermal resistance was analyzed,providing reliable guidance for the design of clothing thermal performance.This study has significant implications for clothing design and thermal comfort prediction,contributing to improving human thermal comfort.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52025057,91948302)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.20550712100)。
文摘Although significant advances in the design of soft robotic hands have been made to mimic the structure of the human hands,there are great challenges to control them for coordinated and human-like postures.Based on the principle of postural synergies in the human hand,we present a synergistic approach for coordinated control of a soft robotic hand to replicate the human-like grasp postures.To this end,we firstly develop a kinematic model to describe the control variables and the various postures of the soft robotic hand.Based on the postural synergies,we use the developed model and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method to describe the various postures of the soft robotic hand in a low-dimensional space formed by the synergies of actuator motions.Therefore,the coordinates of these synergies can be used as low-dimensional control inputs for the soft robotic hand with a higher-dimensional postural space.Finally,we establish an experimental platform on a customized soft robotic hand with6 pneumatical actuators to verify the effectiveness of the development.Experimental results demonstrate that with only a 2-dimensional control input,the soft robotic hand can reliably replicate 30 grasp postures in the Feix taxonomy of the human hand.
文摘Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy in treating postures of primary school students with upper crossed syndrome(UCS).Methods:Sixty pupils with UCS were divided into an exercise group and a combination group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The combination group received treatments of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy,while the exercise group received exercise therapy alone.The two groups received interventions once every other day,for a total of 1 month.The sagittal static posture assessment total score,forward head angle(FHA)and forward shoulder angle(FSA)were compared before and after treatment;the sagittal static assessment total score,FHA and FSA were compared between the exercise group and the combination group.Results:Before treatment,there were no significant differences comparing the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA between the two groups(all P>0.05);after treatment,the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA decreased in the two groups,with intra-group statistical significance(all P<0.01),and were lower in the combination group than in the exercise group,with inter-group statistical significance(all P<0.01).Conclusion:Sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy can notably improve the FHA and FSA and reduce the sagittal static posture total score in pupils with UCS,so as to correct the bad postures and adjust UCS physique.It can produce more significant efficacy compared with exercise therapy alone.
基金supported by the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions“Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Cultivation Plan”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Co construction Project(No.GZYKJSSD-2024-106)Research Project of Shandong Educational Supervision Society(No.SDJYDDXH2023-2159).
文摘Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].
基金FEDER/Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency/Project PID2020-112667RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033the Basque Government,IT1726-22+2 种基金by the predoctoral contracts PRE_2022_2_0022 and EP_2023_1_0015 of the Basque Governmentpartially supported by the Italian MIUR,PRIN 2020 Project“COMMON-WEARS”,N.2020HCWWLP,CUP:H23C22000230005co-funding from Next Generation EU,in the context of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan,through the Italian MUR,PRIN 2022 Project”COCOWEARS”(A framework for COntinuum COmputing WEARable Systems),N.2022T2XNJE,CUP:H53D23003640006.
文摘Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.
基金Teaching and Research Project of Anhui Urban Management Vocational College(Project No.:2024kfkc001)。
文摘This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.
基金The Eighth National “Ten Thousand Talents Plan for Top Young Talents” of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52478117, 52378120)。
文摘To improve the safety of construction workers and help workers remotely control humanoid robots in construc-tion,this study designs and implements a computer vision based virtual construction simulation system.For this pur-pose,human skeleton motion data are collected using a Ki-nect depth camera,and the obtained data are optimized via abnormal data elimination,smoothing,and normalization.MediaPipe extracts three-dimensional hand motion coordi-nates for accurate human posture tracking.Blender is used to build a virtual worker and site model,and the virtual worker motion is controlled based on the quaternion inverse kinematics algorithm while limiting the joint angle to en-hance the authenticity of motion simulation.Experimental results show that the system frame rate is stable at 60 frame/s,end-to-end delay is less than 20 ms,and virtual task comple-tion time is close to the real scene,verifying its engineering applicability.The proposed system can drive virtual work-ers to perform tasks and provide technical support for con-struction safety training.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62176084,Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China,Grant/Award Number:1908085MF195,Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Anhui Province of China Grant/Award Numbers:2022AH051038,2023AH050474 and 2023AH050490.
文摘To overcome the deficiencies of single-modal emotion recognition based on facial expression or bodily posture in natural scenes,a spatial guidance and temporal enhancement(SG-TE)network is proposed for facial-bodily emotion recognition.First,ResNet50,DNN and spatial ransformer models are used to capture facial texture vectors,bodily skeleton vectors and wholebody geometric vectors,and an intraframe correlation attention guidance(S-CAG)mechanism,which guides the facial texture vector and the bodily skeleton vector by the whole-body geometric vector,is designed to exploit the spatial potential emotional correlation between face and posture.Second,an interframe significant segment enhancement(T-SSE)structure is embedded into a temporal transformer to enhance high emotional intensity frame information and avoid emotional asynchrony.Finally,an adaptive weight assignment(M-AWA)strategy is constructed to realise facial-bodily fusion.The experimental results on the BabyRobot Emotion Dataset(BRED)and Context-Aware Emotion Recognition(CAER)dataset indicate that the proposed network reaches accuracies of 81.61%and 89.39%,which are 9.61%and 9.46%higher than those of the baseline network,respectively.Compared with the state-of-the-art methods,the proposed method achieves 7.73%and 20.57%higher accuracy than single-modal methods based on facial expression or bodily posture,respectively,and 2.16%higher accuracy than the dual-modal methods based on facial-bodily fusion.Therefore,the proposed method,which adaptively fuses the complementary information of face and posture,improves the quality of emotion recognition in real-world scenarios.
文摘Advancements in deep learning have considerably enhanced techniques for Rapid Entire Body Assess-ment(REBA)pose estimation by leveraging progress in three-dimensional human modeling.This survey provides an extensive overview of recent advancements,particularly emphasizing monocular image-based methodologies and their incorporation into ergonomic risk assessment frameworks.By reviewing literature from 2016 to 2024,this study offers a current and comprehensive analysis of techniques,existing challenges,and emerging trends in three-dimensional human pose estimation.In contrast to traditional reviews organized by learning paradigms,this survey examines how three-dimensional pose estimation is effectively utilized within musculoskeletal disorder(MSD)assessments,focusing on essential advancements,comparative analyses,and ergonomic implications.We extend existing image-based clas-sification schemes by examining state-of-the-art two-dimensional models that enhance monocular three-dimensional prediction accuracy and analyze skeleton representations by evaluating joint connectivity and spatial configuration,offering insights into how structural variability influences model robustness.A core contribution of this work is the identification of a critical research gap:the limited exploration of estimating REBA scores directly from single RGB images using monocular three-dimensional pose estimation.Most existing studies depend on depth sensors or sequential inputs,limiting applicability in real-time and resource-constrained environments.Our review emphasizes this gap and proposes future research directions to develop accurate,lightweight,and generalizable models suitable for practical deployment.This survey is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in computer vision,ergonomics,and related disciplines,offering a structured understanding of current methodologies and guidance for future innovation in three-dimensional human pose estimation for REBA-based ergonomic risk assessment.
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under grant number:NCUD.02-2024.11.
文摘This study presents CGB-Net,a novel deep learning architecture specifically developed for classifying twelve distinct sleep positions using a single abdominal accelerometer,with direct applicability to gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)monitoring.Unlike conventional approaches limited to four basic postures,CGB-Net enables fine-grained classification of twelve clinically relevant sleep positions,providing enhanced resolution for personalized health assessment.The architecture introduces a unique integration of three complementary components:1D Convolutional Neural Networks(1D-CNN)for efficient local spatial feature extraction,Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)to capture short-termtemporal dependencieswith reduced computational complexity,and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)networks for modeling long-term temporal context in both forward and backward directions.This complementary integration allows the model to better represent dynamic and contextual information inherent in the sensor data,surpassing the performance of simpler or previously published hybrid models.Experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset consisting of 18 volunteers(age range:19–24 years,mean 20.56±1.1 years;height 164.78±8.18 cm;weight 55.39±8.30 kg;BMI 20.24±2.04),monitored via a single abdominal accelerometer.A subjectindependent evaluation protocol with multiple random splits was employed to ensure robustness and generalizability.The proposed model achieves an average Accuracy of 87.60% and F1-score of 83.38%,both reported with standard deviations over multiple runs,outperforming several baseline and state-of-the-art methods.By releasing the dataset publicly and detailing themodel design,this work aims to facilitate reproducibility and advance research in sleep posture classification for clinical applications.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central-Level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes(2024-9007)。
文摘The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the problem,this paper proposes an integrated calibration method for structured light vision sensors.In the proposed system,the sensor is mounted on a crawler-type mobile robot,which scans and measures the center height of guardrails while in motion.However,due to external disturbances such as uneven road surfaces and vehicle vibrations,the posture of the robot may deviate,causing displacement of the sensor platform and resulting in spatial 3D measurement errors.To overcome this issue,the system integrates inertial measurement unit(IMU)data into the sensor calibration process,enabling realtime correction of posture deviations through sensor fusion.This approach achieves a unified calibration of the structured light vision system,effectively compensates for posture-induced errors,and enhances detection accuracy.A prototype was developed and tested in both laboratory and real highway environments.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate center height detection of guardrails under complex road conditions,significantly reduces posture-related measurement errors,and greatly improves the efficiency and reliability of traditional detection methods.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(31860168)Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations(Germany,Rhinopithecus.MMR.2015)+1 种基金the Australian National University Fieldwork Funding for Higher Degree Research Students(R61250FW)Young talents program of ten thousand talents plan of Yunnan(YNWRQNBJ-2019-262).
文摘Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their environment.This study explores canopy and substrate use along with positional behavior in adult black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri,an endemic,critically endangered primate species in Gaoligong Mountains,southwest China.Using continuous focal animal sampling,we collected data over a 52-month period and found that R.strykeri is highly arboreal primarily using the high layers of the forest canopy(15–30 m),along with the terminal zone of tree crowns(52.9%),medium substrates(41.5%),and oblique substrates(56.8%).We also found sex differences in canopy and substrate use.Females use the terminal zones(56.7%versus 40.4%),small/medium(77.7%versus 60.1%),and oblique(59.9%versus 46.5%)substrates significantly more than males.On the other hand,males spend more time on large/very large(39.9%versus 22.3%)and horizontal(49.7%versus 35.2%)substrates.Whereas both sexes mainly sit(84.7%),and stand quadrupedally(9.1%),males stand quadrupedally(11.5%versus 8.3%),and bipedally(2.9%versus 0.8%)more often than females.Clamber,quadrupedalism,and leap/drop are the main locomotor modes for both sexes.Rhinopithecus strykeri populations never enter canopies of degenerated secondary forest and mainly use terminal branches in the middle and upper layers of canopies in intact mid-montane moist evergreen broadleaf forest and hemlock coniferous broadleaf mixed forests across their habitat.
文摘Dinosaurs due to their diverse species and peculiar forms have drawn the interest of both artists and scientists. One way to unlock the unknown life of dinosaurs is to reconstruct dinosaurs through drawings, computer animations or sculptures. Following the Introduction on “Dinosaur Reconstruction” by the present authors, where important Paleontological knowledge was presented, the next step is to examine some specific information along with necessary details for dinosaur reconstruction. The first and basic step to be taken for a reconstruction is the posture of the animal;this is the theme of the current paper. Dinosaurs would move either bipedally or quadrupedally depending on their kind and body construction. Based on the available literature, various issues in relation to the posture of an animal at different instances are examined. These are: postures of bipedal dinosaurs during walking, observation of living bipedal animals, postures of quadruped dinosaurs during walking, feeding styles, and dinosaur tails. Theropods had a locomotor behavior like modern birds, with the step width increasing when the animals decreased speed. The general posture and movement of quadrupeds and especially sauropods, remains a subject of great and much controversy. Some scientists believe that sauropod necks were generally held in a neutral or undeflected state during most of the time, while others believe that sauropod necks behaved like all present-day amniote with the mid-cervical region held nearly vertical. Also, there are indications that dinosaurs usually held their tails above ground. For all dinosaurs, the long tail was acting as a counterbalance to the head and body. As a validating example, the case of Amargasaurus is investigated with the help of a model, where the various positions of the animal are examined. A certain posture was chosen for a full-size steel and concrete reconstruction based on the features of the animal.
基金supported by the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the NIPA(National ITIndustry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2009-(C1090-0902-0007))the Soongsil University BK21 Digital Media Division
文摘Mobile device research has been increasing rapidly in Human Computer Interaction （HCI） recently. Following this trend, this paper proposes a user-centered interface, which has been designed, completely installed and independently run on a mobile phone. Video signal is steamed through its camera as the image input to the interface by employing techniques of image processing, computer vision and graphics to identify automatically absolute positions of human face, neck and two hands. A paradigm is also put up theoretically. And it embeds this interface to perceive the human postures and convert them into relaxed comic character according to its context.
文摘Background: Sandifer syndrome (SS) is the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with neurological manifestations (spastic torticollis and paroxysmal dystonic postures with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. Case presentation: A 3-month-old male infant presented to our emergency department with torticollis and dystonic episodes for two months associated with vomiting. These movements were observed during or just after feeding. Since the patient developed regurgitations with torticollis and dystonic episodes with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. The electroencephalogram was normal. Barium swallow/meal examination revealed GERD without evidence of hiatus hernia. Apgar scores were 7 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of GERD in patients with Sandifer syndrome enhance the success of medical management and contributes to improved quality of life for patients with brain damage. The paroxysmal dystonic behaviors were dramatically disappeared completely after medical management in this patient.
