The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to est...Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted...Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted among 60 primi postnatal mothers(30 in each group).Study was conducted at the Postnatal ward of IMS and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.Tools used were structured sociodemographic pro forma,structured breast milk adequacy questionnaire,and structured rating scale to assess the adequacy of breast milk production.The duration of the study is 1 year.All the postnatal mothers who were primigravida and undergone cesarean section were chosen as the sample through a convenience sampling technique.Then,the samples were assigned to the intervention group(receiving neck massage)and control group(receiving standard postnatal care).The data were collected and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS version 20.Results:The study resulted a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of breast milk production after neck massage(P=0.000).The mean score of the posttest(2.90±0.36)is more than the mean score of the pretest(2.89±0.36)of the baby’s weight(P<0.001).Further,the number of urination and stool passed in 24 h was more in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The Chi-square analysis showed statistical significance between breast milk production after neck massage with religion of the postnatal mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:The neck massage is found effective in improving the breast milk production among primi c-section mothers with improve newborn parameters.展开更多
Background:Postcesarean mothers often experience delayed lactogenesis II due to surgical stress and reduced oxytocin levels.Almond oil breast massage is a nonpharmacological intervention thought to enhance prolactin r...Background:Postcesarean mothers often experience delayed lactogenesis II due to surgical stress and reduced oxytocin levels.Almond oil breast massage is a nonpharmacological intervention thought to enhance prolactin release and improve milk production.Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of almond oil massage on breast milk adequacy among primigravida lower segment cesarean section(LSCS)mothers.Materials and Methods:A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 60 primigravida mothers post-LSCS,randomly assigned to experimental(n=30)and control(n=30)groups.The experimental group received three daily almond oil breast massages(5-10 mL;5 min/breast)for 3 days;controls received routine care.Breast milk adequacy was measured using a validated 16-item rating scale at baseline and day 4 post-intervention.Results:The mean breast milk adequacy scores increased from 29.30±1.915 to 39.80±1.690 in the experimental group(t=22.15,P<0.001).Control group change(29.93±2.132-30.27±2.116)was non-significant(t=0.776,P>0.05).Posttest scores between the two groups differed significantly between groups(t=19.282,P<0.001).Conclusion:Almond oil breast massage significantly enhances breast milk adequacy in post-LSCS mothers and can be integrated into routine postnatal nursing care.展开更多
The oxytocin receptor(OXTR)has garnered increasing attention for its role in regulating both mature behaviors and brain development.It has been established that OXTR mediates a range of effects that are regionspecifc ...The oxytocin receptor(OXTR)has garnered increasing attention for its role in regulating both mature behaviors and brain development.It has been established that OXTR mediates a range of effects that are regionspecifc or period-specifc.However,the current studies of OXTR expression patterns in mice only provide limited help due to limitations in resolution.Therefore,our objective was to generate a comprehensive,high-resolution spatiotemporal expression map of Oxtr mRNA across the entire developing mouse brain.We applied RNAscope in situ hybridization to investigate the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Oxtr in the brains of male mice at six distinct postnatal developmental stages(P7,P14,P21,P28,P42,P56).We provide detailed descriptions of Oxtr expression patterns in key brain regions,including the cortex,basal forebrain,hippocampus,and amygdaloid complex,with a focus on the precise localization of Oxtr+cells and the variance of expression between diferent neurons.Furthermore,we identifed some neuronal populations with high Oxtr expression levels that have been little studied,including glutamatergic neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus,Vgat+Oxtr+cells in the basal forebrain,and GABAergic neurons in layers 4/5 of the cortex.Our study provides a novel perspective for understanding the distribution of Oxtr and encourages further investigations into its functions.展开更多
In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2...In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.展开更多
During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their el...During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression(PPD)is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting maternal mental health,infant development,and family well-being.Despite increasing global awareness,significant dispa...BACKGROUND Postpartum depression(PPD)is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting maternal mental health,infant development,and family well-being.Despite increasing global awareness,significant disparities remain in screening,diagnosis,and treatment,particularly in low-resource and culturally diverse settings.The complex interplay of biological and psychosocial determinants complicates conventional intervention models.Integrating epidemiological patterns,pathophysiological mechanisms,and sociocultural factors will inform more effective and equitable strategies for PPD screening,prevention,and treatment.METHODS A narrative review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Peer-reviewed studies published from January 2010 to May 2025 were systematically searched in PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and PsycINFO.Inclusion criteria comprised studies addressing PPD epidemiology,risk stratification,biological mechanisms,and intervention strategies.After screening and full-text review,84 studies were included.Study designs primarily involved cohort studies,randomized controlled trials,and meta-analyses.Extracted data were categorized thematically and assessed for methodological quality and generalizability.RESULTS PPD arises from multifactorial interactions involving hormonal dysregulation,neurochemical changes,psychosocial stressors,and cultural influences.Primary risk factors include personal or family history of depression,antenatal anxiety,low maternal self-efficacy,and inadequate social support.Evidence-based interventions encompass Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-based screening,cognitive behavioral therapy,interpersonal psychotherapy,psychoeducation,and pharmacological treatments such as brexanolone and zuranolone.Culturally adapted,community-integrated models—including stepped-care approaches and task-shifting—improve feasibility and scalability,particularly in underserved populations.Emerging evidence highlights inflammatory biomarkers(e.g.,interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein),AI-assisted screening tools,and family-inclusive strategies as promising for enhanced detection and outcomes.CONCLUSION Effective PPD management requires integrative,culturally sensitive approaches,prioritizing scalable,personalized non-pharmacological interventions to reduce disparities and enhance maternal mental health equity across diverse populations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression ca...BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
基金support JCS,QX,and BQ,as well as covering all experimental and material costs for this project,NIH/NIMH R01 MH094360-06(HWD)grant to support HX,MZ,Lei Gao,Lin Gou,HH and HWD.
文摘Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted among 60 primi postnatal mothers(30 in each group).Study was conducted at the Postnatal ward of IMS and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.Tools used were structured sociodemographic pro forma,structured breast milk adequacy questionnaire,and structured rating scale to assess the adequacy of breast milk production.The duration of the study is 1 year.All the postnatal mothers who were primigravida and undergone cesarean section were chosen as the sample through a convenience sampling technique.Then,the samples were assigned to the intervention group(receiving neck massage)and control group(receiving standard postnatal care).The data were collected and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS version 20.Results:The study resulted a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of breast milk production after neck massage(P=0.000).The mean score of the posttest(2.90±0.36)is more than the mean score of the pretest(2.89±0.36)of the baby’s weight(P<0.001).Further,the number of urination and stool passed in 24 h was more in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The Chi-square analysis showed statistical significance between breast milk production after neck massage with religion of the postnatal mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:The neck massage is found effective in improving the breast milk production among primi c-section mothers with improve newborn parameters.
基金funded by the Sum Nursing College,SOA University,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.
文摘Background:Postcesarean mothers often experience delayed lactogenesis II due to surgical stress and reduced oxytocin levels.Almond oil breast massage is a nonpharmacological intervention thought to enhance prolactin release and improve milk production.Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of almond oil massage on breast milk adequacy among primigravida lower segment cesarean section(LSCS)mothers.Materials and Methods:A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 60 primigravida mothers post-LSCS,randomly assigned to experimental(n=30)and control(n=30)groups.The experimental group received three daily almond oil breast massages(5-10 mL;5 min/breast)for 3 days;controls received routine care.Breast milk adequacy was measured using a validated 16-item rating scale at baseline and day 4 post-intervention.Results:The mean breast milk adequacy scores increased from 29.30±1.915 to 39.80±1.690 in the experimental group(t=22.15,P<0.001).Control group change(29.93±2.132-30.27±2.116)was non-significant(t=0.776,P>0.05).Posttest scores between the two groups differed significantly between groups(t=19.282,P<0.001).Conclusion:Almond oil breast massage significantly enhances breast milk adequacy in post-LSCS mothers and can be integrated into routine postnatal nursing care.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32325025)the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202500)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171148,and 31770929)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100001518001 and Z161100000216154).
文摘The oxytocin receptor(OXTR)has garnered increasing attention for its role in regulating both mature behaviors and brain development.It has been established that OXTR mediates a range of effects that are regionspecifc or period-specifc.However,the current studies of OXTR expression patterns in mice only provide limited help due to limitations in resolution.Therefore,our objective was to generate a comprehensive,high-resolution spatiotemporal expression map of Oxtr mRNA across the entire developing mouse brain.We applied RNAscope in situ hybridization to investigate the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Oxtr in the brains of male mice at six distinct postnatal developmental stages(P7,P14,P21,P28,P42,P56).We provide detailed descriptions of Oxtr expression patterns in key brain regions,including the cortex,basal forebrain,hippocampus,and amygdaloid complex,with a focus on the precise localization of Oxtr+cells and the variance of expression between diferent neurons.Furthermore,we identifed some neuronal populations with high Oxtr expression levels that have been little studied,including glutamatergic neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus,Vgat+Oxtr+cells in the basal forebrain,and GABAergic neurons in layers 4/5 of the cortex.Our study provides a novel perspective for understanding the distribution of Oxtr and encourages further investigations into its functions.
文摘In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.
基金supported by Catalan Government,Nos.2014SGR344(to JT),2017SGR704(to JT),2021SGR01214(to MAL)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/by“ERDF A way of making Europe,”Nos.SAF2015-67143(to JT),PID2019-106332GB-I00(to JT and MAL)and PID2022-141252NB-I00(to MAL).
文摘During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Postpartum depression(PPD)is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting maternal mental health,infant development,and family well-being.Despite increasing global awareness,significant disparities remain in screening,diagnosis,and treatment,particularly in low-resource and culturally diverse settings.The complex interplay of biological and psychosocial determinants complicates conventional intervention models.Integrating epidemiological patterns,pathophysiological mechanisms,and sociocultural factors will inform more effective and equitable strategies for PPD screening,prevention,and treatment.METHODS A narrative review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Peer-reviewed studies published from January 2010 to May 2025 were systematically searched in PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and PsycINFO.Inclusion criteria comprised studies addressing PPD epidemiology,risk stratification,biological mechanisms,and intervention strategies.After screening and full-text review,84 studies were included.Study designs primarily involved cohort studies,randomized controlled trials,and meta-analyses.Extracted data were categorized thematically and assessed for methodological quality and generalizability.RESULTS PPD arises from multifactorial interactions involving hormonal dysregulation,neurochemical changes,psychosocial stressors,and cultural influences.Primary risk factors include personal or family history of depression,antenatal anxiety,low maternal self-efficacy,and inadequate social support.Evidence-based interventions encompass Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-based screening,cognitive behavioral therapy,interpersonal psychotherapy,psychoeducation,and pharmacological treatments such as brexanolone and zuranolone.Culturally adapted,community-integrated models—including stepped-care approaches and task-shifting—improve feasibility and scalability,particularly in underserved populations.Emerging evidence highlights inflammatory biomarkers(e.g.,interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein),AI-assisted screening tools,and family-inclusive strategies as promising for enhanced detection and outcomes.CONCLUSION Effective PPD management requires integrative,culturally sensitive approaches,prioritizing scalable,personalized non-pharmacological interventions to reduce disparities and enhance maternal mental health equity across diverse populations.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U23A20434National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301738,No.82371535,and No.82171518+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFF1201204the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083.
文摘BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.
文摘旨在探究磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)是否改善出生后生长迟缓(PGR)仔猪的结肠黏膜屏障功能和缓解肠道菌群紊乱。试验选取16头7日龄PGR仔猪(平均体重1.88±0.40 kg)和16头体重正常(NBW)仔猪(平均体重2.79±0.50 kg)按体重随机分为4组:CON-NBW(CN)组、PE-NBW(PN)组、CON-PGR(CP)组和PE-PGR(PP)组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。PN组和PP组仔猪在哺乳期每日灌喂0.78 g PE,断奶后每日灌喂2.11 g PE,CN组和CP组仔猪灌喂等体积生理盐水,所有仔猪于28日龄断奶,试验期42 d。49日龄时屠宰仔猪,采集仔猪结肠组织和内容物样品,进行结肠黏膜屏障功能相关指标的测定和结肠内容物16S rDNA测序。结果表明:与NBW仔猪相比,PGR仔猪结肠形态受损,杯状细胞数量、ZO-1、spdef和MUC2的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05),同时,仔猪状态(NBW或PGR)和PE处理对仔猪结肠微生物群的β多样性有显著影响(P<0.05),PGR仔猪结肠微生物群中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的比值、放线菌门、巨球型菌属和芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度显著低于NBW仔猪,而变形菌门的相对丰度显著高于NBW仔猪(P<0.05),补充PE可以缓解PGR仔猪的结肠形态损伤,促进结肠杯状细胞的分化和MUC2的分泌,并增加结肠中丁酸产生菌的相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,给仔猪灌服PE可改善PGR仔猪的黏液合成分泌功能和缓解肠道菌群紊乱。
