BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a ne...With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a need for new therapeutic options to deal with the rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease,liver cirrhosis,alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma etc.Several researchers have studied the role of probiotics and prebiotics in altering gut microbiome to tackle microbial dysbiosis which has been proven to be the cause of several metabolic disorders.However,postbiotics remain an untapped potential due to the limited literature on their intake and associated benefits.These bioactive compounds include short chain fatty acids such as butyrate,propionate and acetate,exopolysaccharides,inactivated strains such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacillus coagulans etc.,have hepatoprotective effects which are highlighted in this article.This review aims to discuss the findings of postbiotics research,their classification and their diverse role in serving as a therapeutic option for liver diseases.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or intervention...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.展开更多
Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of ...Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health.Compared with the application of probiotics,the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics.Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics,mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens,strengthen gut barrier,and/or regulation of immunity of the host.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics,main compounds of postbiotics,potential mechanisms in gut health,and their application in animal production.展开更多
Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the i...Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground wheat.Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,andα-andβ-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa Whi...This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. Heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control and the probiotic fed group (94.8% vs 92.6% vs 93.1%, respectively). Birds under probiotic or postbiotic diet showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and egg weight, although the probiotic had a more pronounced and gradual effect. Specific gravity, yolk weight percentage and shell thickness didn’t show differences among dietary groups. The Haugh Unit was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in probiotic group which also showed a significantly lower yolk color index (p < 0.05). The different feed treatments did not impact the bird’s viscera weight percentage, except for the ileum that was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under postbiotic supplementation. Both probiotics and postbiotics could be used as a potential growth promoters and might alleviate heat stress impact in poultry industry.展开更多
Sepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in sepsis.On the one hand,sepsis leads to the destruction of gut microbiota and induces and aggravates ter...Sepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in sepsis.On the one hand,sepsis leads to the destruction of gut microbiota and induces and aggravates terminal organ dysfunction.On the other hand,the activation of pathogenic gut flora and the reduction in beneficial microbial products increase the susceptibility of the host to sepsis.Although probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation preserve gut barrier function on multiple levels,their efficacy in sepsis with intestinal microbiota disruptions remains uncertain.Postbiotics consist of inactivated microbial cells or cell components.They possess antimicrobial,immunomodulatory,antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.Microbiota-targeted therapy strategies,such as postbiotics,may reduce the incidence of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by regulating gut microbial metabolites,improving intestinal barrier integrity and changing the composition of the gut microbiota.They offer a variety of mechanisms and might even be superior to more conventional‘biotics’such as probiotics and prebiotics.In this review,we present an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize what is currently known about postbiotics and their prospective utility in sepsis therapy.Overall,postbiotics show promise as a viable adjunctive therapy option for sepsis.展开更多
In recent decades,consumers,manufacturers,and researchers have been more interested in functional foods,which include probiotics,prebiotics,and postbiotics.Probiotics are live microbes that,when regulated in enough qu...In recent decades,consumers,manufacturers,and researchers have been more interested in functional foods,which include probiotics,prebiotics,and postbiotics.Probiotics are live microbes that,when regulated in enough quantities,provide health benefits on the host,while the prebiotics are substrates that host microorganisms selectively use.Postbiotics are metabolites and cell-wall components that are beneficial to the host and are released by living bacteria or after lysis.Postbiotic dietary supplements are more stable than probiotics and prebiotics.Many bioactivities of postbiotics are unknown or poorly understood.Hence,this study aims to present a synopsis of the regular elements and new developments of the postbiotics including health-promoting effects,production,conceptualization of terms,bioactivities,and applications in the field of food safety and preservation.Postbiotics aid in bio preservation and the reduction of biofilm development in food due to their organic acids,bacteriocins,and other antibacterial activities.The present study examines the production of postbiotic metabolites in situ in food and the effects of external and internal food components.The antimicrobial roles,removal of biofilms,and its applications in preservation and food safety have also been discussed.This paper also explored the various aspects like manipulation of postbiotic composition in the food system and its safety measures.展开更多
Postbiotics are generated through the inactivation and decomposition of probiotics.The present study found that the administration of postbiotics derived from Bacillus coagulans had beneficial effects on improving obe...Postbiotics are generated through the inactivation and decomposition of probiotics.The present study found that the administration of postbiotics derived from Bacillus coagulans had beneficial effects on improving obesity through the gut-liver axis.16-week high-fat and fructose diet led to increased serum lipid levels,hepatic steatosis,gut dysbiosis,and obesity.However,treatments with B.coagulans JA845 and its postbiotics alleviated insulin resistance and improved lipid disorders through the AMPK/LKB pathway.Intriguingly,the regulatory effects of B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics on gut microbiota composition were similar to those of B.coagulans JA845,and was characterized by the augmentation of Allobaculum,Muribaculaceae,and Parasutterella populations,concomitant with a reduction in Faecalibaculum and Desulfovibrio.Furthermore,B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids,prominently elevating butyric acid levels by 1.4-fold compared to the model group.Consequently,B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics hold promise as a potential functional food additive with stability and obesity-improving properties.展开更多
Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes ...Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,intervention with probiotics may be regarded as one of the potential ways to protect against CKD.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MA2(MA2),a probiotic separated from traditional Chinese Tibetan kefir grains,could degrade the uremic toxins including creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid.Oral administration of MA2 or its inactive strains(IMA2)could decrease serum uremic toxins of adenine-induced CKD mice,and also elevate the relative expression of claudin-1.Meanwhile,intervention of MA2 or IMA2 decreased the contents of lipopolysaccharide,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the kidney.16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the intervention of MA2 or IMA2 regulated the gut microbiota structure by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillus,and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria.Thus,oral administration of MA2 or IMA2 can reduce the uremic toxins in CKD mice by regulating gut microflora and restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of MA2 and its postbiotics in the CKD intervention and treatment.展开更多
Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digesti...Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and are recognized as prebiotics,fostering the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the colon.Fructooligosaccharides(FOS),galactooligosaccharides(GOS),xylooligo-saccharides(XOS),arabinooligosaccharides(AOS),pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides(pAOS),cyclodextrins(CD),and others are among the most prevalent oligosaccharides.Probiotics,live microorganisms offering various health benefits upon consumption or application,are commonly found in fermented foods,dietary supplements,and beauty products.Postbiotics,organic residues remaining in the gut after the digestion of prebiotics and probiotics,include substances such as vitamins B and K,amino acids,and antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.Pre-,pro-,and postbiotics collectively contribute to a wide array of health advan-tages,including enhanced immune function,improved gut health,and overall well-being.Agro-residues,fruit,and vegetable waste serve as promising sources of prebiotics,promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria and yielding bioactive compounds like fiber upon consumption.This paper explores sustainable methods for pro-ducing oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass,vegetable,and fruit biomass,elucidating their roles in the development of pre-,pro-,and postbiotics for gut health.展开更多
Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease predominantly affecting preterm and low birth weight infants.Bifidobacterium have emerged as a significant dietary strategy for mitigating the risk of...Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease predominantly affecting preterm and low birth weight infants.Bifidobacterium have emerged as a significant dietary strategy for mitigating the risk of NEC.This study is the first to evaluate the effects of live Bifidobacterium animalis A6(B.animalis A6)and its postbiotics on an NEC mice model.The results demonstrate that both B.animalis A6 and its postbiotics significantly enhanced survival rates and mitigated intestinal damages.Concurrently,there was a reduction in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines.Moreover,B.animalis A6 and its postbiotics modulated the colonic microbiota in NEC mice by differentially reducing the abundance of Lacticaseibacillus,while increasing the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.B.animalis A6 or its postbiotics also increased the splenic lymphocyte transformation rate,whereas only the postbiotics can enhance the IgA and thymosin levels in serum and thymic lymphocyte transformation rate in mice.Moreover,the postbiotics may facilitate the proliferation of naive T cells,the differentiation from Th0 to Th2,and the improved balance of Th1/Th2,thereby contributing to a more mature immune system.This study proposes a strategy for utilizing Bifidobacterium postbiotics as an alternative to live bacteria.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for ea...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for early-stage ALD,highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.In this study,we explored the therapeutic potential of composite postbiotics,combined with ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)as a farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,to alleviate ALD by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Using a murine model of ALD,composite postbiotics were found to restore intestinal barrier integrity,promote bile acid metabolism,and reduce liver inflammation.The treatment increased beneficial gut microbes such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while reducing pathogenic Proteobacteria,which enhanced bile acid metabolism and activated the FXR pathway.This activation led to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines,restoration of lipid metabolism,and overall alleviation of liver injury.The addition of UDCA further enhanced the activation of the FXR pathway,providing additional protection against liver damage.Our findings suggest that composite postbiotics,particularly when combined with FXR agonists like UDCA,represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ALD by targeting the gut-liver axis and optimizing bile acid metabolism.Future research should investigate the clinical application of these treatments to offer a non-invasive and effective approach for early ALD intervention.展开更多
Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric ...Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric cold plasma(ACP)treatment for the preparation of postbiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SC02(L.plantarum SC02),and systematically evaluated their effects on strains'cell morphology,antibacterial activity,antioxidant capacity,and metabolite profiles.Although all three treatments effectively inactivated L.plantarum SC02,the resulting postbiotics showed marked differences in bioactivity.Among them,the ultrasound-treated postbiotic(SC02-U)exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radical scavenging rates of 46.22±0.48%and 46.42±0.36%,respectively,and also showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the tested foodborne pathogens,especially Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,with the lowest minimum inhibitory con-centration 12.5%(v/v)and the largest inhibition zones.Non-targeted metabolomics further revealed that SC02-U displayed a broader range of differential metabolites than the heat-treated postbiotic(SC02-H),with 1397 significantly altered metabolites identified in the comparison between De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe(MRS)and SC02-U,compared with 987 in the comparison between MRS and SC02-H.Overall,sonication is a more effective strategy for preparing L.plantarum SC02 postbiotics with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities.This is likely because sonication not only promotes the release of intracellular metabolites and bioactive components but also preserves more of the activity of extracellular metabolites.This work provides practical evidence for selecting efficient inactivation techniques to improve the functional quality of postbiotic products.展开更多
The homeostasis of intestinal mucosal barrier function is crucial for maintaining intestinal health.Postbiotics are the processed products of probiotics,mainly including active ingredients such as inactivated bacteria...The homeostasis of intestinal mucosal barrier function is crucial for maintaining intestinal health.Postbiotics are the processed products of probiotics,mainly including active ingredients such as inactivated bacteria,cell lysates,and metabolites.Sufficient research and experiments have confirmed that postbiotics have similar effects to probiotics in repairing intestinal mucosal damage,enhancing intestinal immunity,and stabilizing the intestinal microenvironment,and are expected to become a new solution for preventing and treating inflammatory bowel disease.This review profoundly expounds on the concept types,functional characteristics,preparation methods,and market prospects of postbiotics.It discusses the current developments in postbiotics in terms of active ingredients,action mechanisms and targets,large-scale industrial production design,and formulation of corresponding product regulations and standards.Challenges and limitations provide an academic reference for the future development and application of postbiotics to prevent and treat diseases related to intestinal dysfunction.展开更多
Mulberry-derived postbiotics(MDP)have been scientifically proven to possess beneficial properties for human health,making them potential nutraceuticals.This study aims to enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ...Mulberry-derived postbiotics(MDP)have been scientifically proven to possess beneficial properties for human health,making them potential nutraceuticals.This study aims to enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of MDP via submerged fermentation with Bacillus subtilis H4(H4)and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112(LFB112)bacterial strains.Our results demonstrated compelling evidence that the combination of two strains with the optimized time(24 h),inoculum size(8%),and substrate size(10%)significantly increased the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activities.When compared to the non-fermented mulberry(NFM),the MDP with the above-optimized conditions showed substantially higher antioxidant activities such as DPPH,2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS),hydroxyl scavenging activities,and reducing power capabilities.Moreover,the MDP showed a significant decrease in the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in RAW264.7 cells.The antibacterial assays such as minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)showed that MDP possesses antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacterial strains with the lowest MIC recorded as 32.5 mg/ml against S.pullorum CVCC519,while the highest MIC observed was 40 mg/ml against P.aeruginosa.The lowest and highest MBCs observed were 40 and 55 mg/ml against S.aureus ATCC43300 and S.pullorum CVCC519 respectively.Furthermore,the MDP showed good ant-inflammatory activities by significantly reducing the nitric oxide(NO)concentration(p<0.0001)and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines in response to the LPS-induced inflammation in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line.To sum up,our findings indicate that MDP as a novel postbiotics can be utilized both as a functional food and a safe feed additive,possibly benefiting gut and metabolic health.展开更多
Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly...Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity,intestinal barrier recovery,antioxidant activity,and correction of microbial dysbiosis of PWE(postbiotics water extract),a novel postbiotics derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactobacillus plantarum SN4 named PWE.In this study,C57BL/6 male mice were administered PWE by oral gavage for seven days,followed by a three-day K88 challenge to evaluate its protective effects against enteritis.Our results showed that PWE exerted an obvious protective effect on ETECchallenged enteritis mice.Specifically,PWE improved overall health status and colon length,restored jejunal and colonic villi and crypt morphology,and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,PWE enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins,including Occludin,and upregulated the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Claudin,modulated apoptosis-related genes(BAX,Bcl2,and Caspase-3),and strengthened liver antioxidant capacity.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PWE rebalanced the microbial composition through decreasing Escherichia-Shigella abundance and increasing Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae abundance that promote SCFA production.Furthermore,correlation analysis demonstrated that these increases in abundance of Lactobacillaceae were associated with reduced intestinal inflammation and improved barrier function.Abundance of Ligilactobacillus was positively correlated to anti-apoptotic effects and antioxidant properties.In conclusion,our findings highlight the modulatory effects of the postbiotics PWE in alleviating intestinal inflammation,repairing barrier dysfunction,and restoring microbial imbalance through microbiota regulation and SCFA enhancement.These results provide new insights and strategies for combating bacterial infections diarrhea and improving intestinal health.展开更多
It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatme...It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatment.This research sought to elucidate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of viable Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(VLP)and its derived postbiotics,including heat-inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(DLP)and surface proteins(SPs),in modulating obesity and colonic immune disorders induced by a high-fat diet(HFD).The results showed that VLP-derived postbiotics significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipid profiles by lowering serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Furthermore,VLP and SPs effectively inhibited the expression of CCATT enhancer binding protein-α(CEBP-α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),thereby reducing fat synthesis and improving lipid metabolism.In addition,they also enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities,while reducing malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the liver,thus alleviating liver lipid accumulation and damage induced by HFD.Notably,VLP-derived postbiotics also improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated intestinal inflammation through the inhibition of key proteins involved in the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.In contrast,VLP with SPs removed(RLP)exhibited weaker effects,potentially due to the absence of SPs,which may hinder their adhesion to the gut.Moreover,gavage with SPs significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae in the gut and alleviated dysbiosis.These findings underscore the practical and theoretical importance of VLP-derived postbiotics in developing innovative functional foods designed to combat obesity.展开更多
Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fect...Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fects and mechanisms are still largely unclear.This study aimed to investigate the anti-L.monocytogenes activity and mechanisms of the postbiotics derived from Ligilactobacillus salivarius LSA-6(Postbio-LSA-6),and its potential application in Inner Mongolian cheese preservation.Results showed Postbio-LSA-6 exhibited efficient anti-L.monocytogenes activity,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 4 mg/mL.Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could significantly disrupt the bacterial membrane integrity,the membrane-damaged cells percentage increased to 49.6%,leading to the intercellular materials leakage and cell death.Besides,Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could induce the oxidative stress in bacterial cells,the membrane-fluorescence cells percentage increased to 46%,resulting in lipid peroxidation.Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed organic acids and fatty acids such as erythronic acid,citric acid,2-hydroxybutyric acid,and oleic acid were identified as the main differentially expressed metabolites in Postbio-LSA-6.Furthermore,Postbio-LSA-6 could effectively maintain the moisture content and pH stability,reduce the color and texture alterations,and extend the shelf life of cheese samples by suppressing microbial proliferation and lipid oxidation.These results offered new insights on the antibacterial activities of postbiotics against foodborne pathogens,and provided a low-cost,label-friendly biopreservation strategy for local dairy products preservation.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
文摘With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a need for new therapeutic options to deal with the rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease,liver cirrhosis,alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma etc.Several researchers have studied the role of probiotics and prebiotics in altering gut microbiome to tackle microbial dysbiosis which has been proven to be the cause of several metabolic disorders.However,postbiotics remain an untapped potential due to the limited literature on their intake and associated benefits.These bioactive compounds include short chain fatty acids such as butyrate,propionate and acetate,exopolysaccharides,inactivated strains such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacillus coagulans etc.,have hepatoprotective effects which are highlighted in this article.This review aims to discuss the findings of postbiotics research,their classification and their diverse role in serving as a therapeutic option for liver diseases.
基金Supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and Academy of Sciences VEGA,No.1/0393/20the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure Within the Project:Demand-Driven Research for the Sustainable and Innovative Food,Co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund,No.Drive4SIFood 313011V336.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Projects ofZhejiang Province (2022C04034)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z19C170001)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672430)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0500502)the Funds of Ten Thousand People Plan
文摘Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health.Compared with the application of probiotics,the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics.Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics,mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens,strengthen gut barrier,and/or regulation of immunity of the host.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics,main compounds of postbiotics,potential mechanisms in gut health,and their application in animal production.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada Collaborative Research and Development(CRD)programNSERC Discovery program,Dairy Farmers of Manitoba,and Diamond V,USA,to EK and JCP。
文摘Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground wheat.Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,andα-andβ-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.
文摘This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. Heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control and the probiotic fed group (94.8% vs 92.6% vs 93.1%, respectively). Birds under probiotic or postbiotic diet showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and egg weight, although the probiotic had a more pronounced and gradual effect. Specific gravity, yolk weight percentage and shell thickness didn’t show differences among dietary groups. The Haugh Unit was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in probiotic group which also showed a significantly lower yolk color index (p < 0.05). The different feed treatments did not impact the bird’s viscera weight percentage, except for the ileum that was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under postbiotic supplementation. Both probiotics and postbiotics could be used as a potential growth promoters and might alleviate heat stress impact in poultry industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160366)Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project(No.C098-2060499)+1 种基金Yunnan Clinical Medical Center Open Project(No.2021LCZXXF-HX03)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Open Project(No.2022YNKQ004).
文摘Sepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in sepsis.On the one hand,sepsis leads to the destruction of gut microbiota and induces and aggravates terminal organ dysfunction.On the other hand,the activation of pathogenic gut flora and the reduction in beneficial microbial products increase the susceptibility of the host to sepsis.Although probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation preserve gut barrier function on multiple levels,their efficacy in sepsis with intestinal microbiota disruptions remains uncertain.Postbiotics consist of inactivated microbial cells or cell components.They possess antimicrobial,immunomodulatory,antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.Microbiota-targeted therapy strategies,such as postbiotics,may reduce the incidence of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by regulating gut microbial metabolites,improving intestinal barrier integrity and changing the composition of the gut microbiota.They offer a variety of mechanisms and might even be superior to more conventional‘biotics’such as probiotics and prebiotics.In this review,we present an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize what is currently known about postbiotics and their prospective utility in sepsis therapy.Overall,postbiotics show promise as a viable adjunctive therapy option for sepsis.
文摘In recent decades,consumers,manufacturers,and researchers have been more interested in functional foods,which include probiotics,prebiotics,and postbiotics.Probiotics are live microbes that,when regulated in enough quantities,provide health benefits on the host,while the prebiotics are substrates that host microorganisms selectively use.Postbiotics are metabolites and cell-wall components that are beneficial to the host and are released by living bacteria or after lysis.Postbiotic dietary supplements are more stable than probiotics and prebiotics.Many bioactivities of postbiotics are unknown or poorly understood.Hence,this study aims to present a synopsis of the regular elements and new developments of the postbiotics including health-promoting effects,production,conceptualization of terms,bioactivities,and applications in the field of food safety and preservation.Postbiotics aid in bio preservation and the reduction of biofilm development in food due to their organic acids,bacteriocins,and other antibacterial activities.The present study examines the production of postbiotic metabolites in situ in food and the effects of external and internal food components.The antimicrobial roles,removal of biofilms,and its applications in preservation and food safety have also been discussed.This paper also explored the various aspects like manipulation of postbiotic composition in the food system and its safety measures.
基金supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan-Youth Growth Science and Technology Plan(20220508046RC)the earmarked fund for CARS-36Innovation Project of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Peking University Cooperation and Exchange Project.
文摘Postbiotics are generated through the inactivation and decomposition of probiotics.The present study found that the administration of postbiotics derived from Bacillus coagulans had beneficial effects on improving obesity through the gut-liver axis.16-week high-fat and fructose diet led to increased serum lipid levels,hepatic steatosis,gut dysbiosis,and obesity.However,treatments with B.coagulans JA845 and its postbiotics alleviated insulin resistance and improved lipid disorders through the AMPK/LKB pathway.Intriguingly,the regulatory effects of B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics on gut microbiota composition were similar to those of B.coagulans JA845,and was characterized by the augmentation of Allobaculum,Muribaculaceae,and Parasutterella populations,concomitant with a reduction in Faecalibaculum and Desulfovibrio.Furthermore,B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids,prominently elevating butyric acid levels by 1.4-fold compared to the model group.Consequently,B.coagulans JA845 postbiotics hold promise as a potential functional food additive with stability and obesity-improving properties.
基金Supported by the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanan Incentive Grant from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa,No.145943.
文摘Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801514)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680895)。
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,intervention with probiotics may be regarded as one of the potential ways to protect against CKD.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MA2(MA2),a probiotic separated from traditional Chinese Tibetan kefir grains,could degrade the uremic toxins including creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid.Oral administration of MA2 or its inactive strains(IMA2)could decrease serum uremic toxins of adenine-induced CKD mice,and also elevate the relative expression of claudin-1.Meanwhile,intervention of MA2 or IMA2 decreased the contents of lipopolysaccharide,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the kidney.16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the intervention of MA2 or IMA2 regulated the gut microbiota structure by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillus,and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria.Thus,oral administration of MA2 or IMA2 can reduce the uremic toxins in CKD mice by regulating gut microflora and restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of MA2 and its postbiotics in the CKD intervention and treatment.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),Brazil for scientific productivity program(Process number:309214/2021-1).
文摘Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and are recognized as prebiotics,fostering the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the colon.Fructooligosaccharides(FOS),galactooligosaccharides(GOS),xylooligo-saccharides(XOS),arabinooligosaccharides(AOS),pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides(pAOS),cyclodextrins(CD),and others are among the most prevalent oligosaccharides.Probiotics,live microorganisms offering various health benefits upon consumption or application,are commonly found in fermented foods,dietary supplements,and beauty products.Postbiotics,organic residues remaining in the gut after the digestion of prebiotics and probiotics,include substances such as vitamins B and K,amino acids,and antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.Pre-,pro-,and postbiotics collectively contribute to a wide array of health advan-tages,including enhanced immune function,improved gut health,and overall well-being.Agro-residues,fruit,and vegetable waste serve as promising sources of prebiotics,promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria and yielding bioactive compounds like fiber upon consumption.This paper explores sustainable methods for pro-ducing oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass,vegetable,and fruit biomass,elucidating their roles in the development of pre-,pro-,and postbiotics for gut health.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1104501)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(23JF0006).
文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease predominantly affecting preterm and low birth weight infants.Bifidobacterium have emerged as a significant dietary strategy for mitigating the risk of NEC.This study is the first to evaluate the effects of live Bifidobacterium animalis A6(B.animalis A6)and its postbiotics on an NEC mice model.The results demonstrate that both B.animalis A6 and its postbiotics significantly enhanced survival rates and mitigated intestinal damages.Concurrently,there was a reduction in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines.Moreover,B.animalis A6 and its postbiotics modulated the colonic microbiota in NEC mice by differentially reducing the abundance of Lacticaseibacillus,while increasing the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.B.animalis A6 or its postbiotics also increased the splenic lymphocyte transformation rate,whereas only the postbiotics can enhance the IgA and thymosin levels in serum and thymic lymphocyte transformation rate in mice.Moreover,the postbiotics may facilitate the proliferation of naive T cells,the differentiation from Th0 to Th2,and the improved balance of Th1/Th2,thereby contributing to a more mature immune system.This study proposes a strategy for utilizing Bifidobacterium postbiotics as an alternative to live bacteria.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex-Technological Innovation Project in Zhejiang Province(No.2023KJ082)Foundation of Public Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGN22C200008)+6 种基金Program Foundation of Public Projects of Shaoxing city,Zhejiang Province,China(No.2018C30010)Foundation of Public Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2017C32101)Shaoxing University Fund(No.08021066),Shaoxing University Fund(No.08220102213)Jiangsu Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(grant number JSSCRC2021569)Jiangsu Province Medical Distinguished ExpertTop Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee,and Wuxi"Taihu Talent Team"projectLingying Team project of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Jiangnan University.
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for early-stage ALD,highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.In this study,we explored the therapeutic potential of composite postbiotics,combined with ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)as a farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,to alleviate ALD by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Using a murine model of ALD,composite postbiotics were found to restore intestinal barrier integrity,promote bile acid metabolism,and reduce liver inflammation.The treatment increased beneficial gut microbes such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while reducing pathogenic Proteobacteria,which enhanced bile acid metabolism and activated the FXR pathway.This activation led to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines,restoration of lipid metabolism,and overall alleviation of liver injury.The addition of UDCA further enhanced the activation of the FXR pathway,providing additional protection against liver damage.Our findings suggest that composite postbiotics,particularly when combined with FXR agonists like UDCA,represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ALD by targeting the gut-liver axis and optimizing bile acid metabolism.Future research should investigate the clinical application of these treatments to offer a non-invasive and effective approach for early ALD intervention.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD2100504).
文摘Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric cold plasma(ACP)treatment for the preparation of postbiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SC02(L.plantarum SC02),and systematically evaluated their effects on strains'cell morphology,antibacterial activity,antioxidant capacity,and metabolite profiles.Although all three treatments effectively inactivated L.plantarum SC02,the resulting postbiotics showed marked differences in bioactivity.Among them,the ultrasound-treated postbiotic(SC02-U)exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radical scavenging rates of 46.22±0.48%and 46.42±0.36%,respectively,and also showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the tested foodborne pathogens,especially Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,with the lowest minimum inhibitory con-centration 12.5%(v/v)and the largest inhibition zones.Non-targeted metabolomics further revealed that SC02-U displayed a broader range of differential metabolites than the heat-treated postbiotic(SC02-H),with 1397 significantly altered metabolites identified in the comparison between De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe(MRS)and SC02-U,compared with 987 in the comparison between MRS and SC02-H.Overall,sonication is a more effective strategy for preparing L.plantarum SC02 postbiotics with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities.This is likely because sonication not only promotes the release of intracellular metabolites and bioactive components but also preserves more of the activity of extracellular metabolites.This work provides practical evidence for selecting efficient inactivation techniques to improve the functional quality of postbiotic products.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82008600)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022C087).
文摘The homeostasis of intestinal mucosal barrier function is crucial for maintaining intestinal health.Postbiotics are the processed products of probiotics,mainly including active ingredients such as inactivated bacteria,cell lysates,and metabolites.Sufficient research and experiments have confirmed that postbiotics have similar effects to probiotics in repairing intestinal mucosal damage,enhancing intestinal immunity,and stabilizing the intestinal microenvironment,and are expected to become a new solution for preventing and treating inflammatory bowel disease.This review profoundly expounds on the concept types,functional characteristics,preparation methods,and market prospects of postbiotics.It discusses the current developments in postbiotics in terms of active ingredients,action mechanisms and targets,large-scale industrial production design,and formulation of corresponding product regulations and standards.Challenges and limitations provide an academic reference for the future development and application of postbiotics to prevent and treat diseases related to intestinal dysfunction.
基金supported by the grant provided by the National Key R&D projects of China,(No.2021YFD1301000).
文摘Mulberry-derived postbiotics(MDP)have been scientifically proven to possess beneficial properties for human health,making them potential nutraceuticals.This study aims to enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of MDP via submerged fermentation with Bacillus subtilis H4(H4)and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112(LFB112)bacterial strains.Our results demonstrated compelling evidence that the combination of two strains with the optimized time(24 h),inoculum size(8%),and substrate size(10%)significantly increased the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activities.When compared to the non-fermented mulberry(NFM),the MDP with the above-optimized conditions showed substantially higher antioxidant activities such as DPPH,2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS),hydroxyl scavenging activities,and reducing power capabilities.Moreover,the MDP showed a significant decrease in the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in RAW264.7 cells.The antibacterial assays such as minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)showed that MDP possesses antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacterial strains with the lowest MIC recorded as 32.5 mg/ml against S.pullorum CVCC519,while the highest MIC observed was 40 mg/ml against P.aeruginosa.The lowest and highest MBCs observed were 40 and 55 mg/ml against S.aureus ATCC43300 and S.pullorum CVCC519 respectively.Furthermore,the MDP showed good ant-inflammatory activities by significantly reducing the nitric oxide(NO)concentration(p<0.0001)and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines in response to the LPS-induced inflammation in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line.To sum up,our findings indicate that MDP as a novel postbiotics can be utilized both as a functional food and a safe feed additive,possibly benefiting gut and metabolic health.
基金supported by the National Key R&D projects with No.2022YFD1300900the Beijing Science and Technology Plan with No.Z201100008020018.
文摘Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity,intestinal barrier recovery,antioxidant activity,and correction of microbial dysbiosis of PWE(postbiotics water extract),a novel postbiotics derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactobacillus plantarum SN4 named PWE.In this study,C57BL/6 male mice were administered PWE by oral gavage for seven days,followed by a three-day K88 challenge to evaluate its protective effects against enteritis.Our results showed that PWE exerted an obvious protective effect on ETECchallenged enteritis mice.Specifically,PWE improved overall health status and colon length,restored jejunal and colonic villi and crypt morphology,and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,PWE enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins,including Occludin,and upregulated the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Claudin,modulated apoptosis-related genes(BAX,Bcl2,and Caspase-3),and strengthened liver antioxidant capacity.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PWE rebalanced the microbial composition through decreasing Escherichia-Shigella abundance and increasing Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae abundance that promote SCFA production.Furthermore,correlation analysis demonstrated that these increases in abundance of Lactobacillaceae were associated with reduced intestinal inflammation and improved barrier function.Abundance of Ligilactobacillus was positively correlated to anti-apoptotic effects and antioxidant properties.In conclusion,our findings highlight the modulatory effects of the postbiotics PWE in alleviating intestinal inflammation,repairing barrier dysfunction,and restoring microbial imbalance through microbiota regulation and SCFA enhancement.These results provide new insights and strategies for combating bacterial infections diarrhea and improving intestinal health.
基金financially supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Popularization Project in Jiangsu Province,China(LYKJ[2022]12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372355)+2 种基金the Food Science and Technology Fund from the China Society of Food Science and Technology(2021-Y07)the State Key Laboratory Program(2021DG700024-KF202424)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(No.2023-JSGG-15).
文摘It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatment.This research sought to elucidate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of viable Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(VLP)and its derived postbiotics,including heat-inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(DLP)and surface proteins(SPs),in modulating obesity and colonic immune disorders induced by a high-fat diet(HFD).The results showed that VLP-derived postbiotics significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipid profiles by lowering serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Furthermore,VLP and SPs effectively inhibited the expression of CCATT enhancer binding protein-α(CEBP-α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),thereby reducing fat synthesis and improving lipid metabolism.In addition,they also enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities,while reducing malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the liver,thus alleviating liver lipid accumulation and damage induced by HFD.Notably,VLP-derived postbiotics also improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated intestinal inflammation through the inhibition of key proteins involved in the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.In contrast,VLP with SPs removed(RLP)exhibited weaker effects,potentially due to the absence of SPs,which may hinder their adhesion to the gut.Moreover,gavage with SPs significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae in the gut and alleviated dysbiosis.These findings underscore the practical and theoretical importance of VLP-derived postbiotics in developing innovative functional foods designed to combat obesity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant no.BK20220522)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant no.2024JJ6268)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(Grant no.kq2402136)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32202231)State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource(Grant no.2019XK2002)The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work through project number(TU-DSPP-2024-9).
文摘Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fects and mechanisms are still largely unclear.This study aimed to investigate the anti-L.monocytogenes activity and mechanisms of the postbiotics derived from Ligilactobacillus salivarius LSA-6(Postbio-LSA-6),and its potential application in Inner Mongolian cheese preservation.Results showed Postbio-LSA-6 exhibited efficient anti-L.monocytogenes activity,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 4 mg/mL.Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could significantly disrupt the bacterial membrane integrity,the membrane-damaged cells percentage increased to 49.6%,leading to the intercellular materials leakage and cell death.Besides,Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could induce the oxidative stress in bacterial cells,the membrane-fluorescence cells percentage increased to 46%,resulting in lipid peroxidation.Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed organic acids and fatty acids such as erythronic acid,citric acid,2-hydroxybutyric acid,and oleic acid were identified as the main differentially expressed metabolites in Postbio-LSA-6.Furthermore,Postbio-LSA-6 could effectively maintain the moisture content and pH stability,reduce the color and texture alterations,and extend the shelf life of cheese samples by suppressing microbial proliferation and lipid oxidation.These results offered new insights on the antibacterial activities of postbiotics against foodborne pathogens,and provided a low-cost,label-friendly biopreservation strategy for local dairy products preservation.
