The compatibility of different quantum algorithms should be considered when these algorithms are combined.In this paper,the method of combining Grover and Simon is studied for the first time,under some preconditions o...The compatibility of different quantum algorithms should be considered when these algorithms are combined.In this paper,the method of combining Grover and Simon is studied for the first time,under some preconditions or assumptions.First,we give two preconditions of applying Grover’s algorithm,which ensure that the success probability of finding the marked element is close to 1.Then,based on these two preconditions,it is found out that the success probability of the quantum algorithm for FXconstruction is far less than 1.Furthermore,we give the design method of the Oracle function,and then present the general method of combining Grover and Simon algorithm for attacking block ciphers,with success probability close to 1.展开更多
量子计算技术对传统密码算法安全性的威胁非常大。在量子计算模型下,公钥密码将被破解,对称密码和杂凑密码的安全性将减半。研究和应用抵抗量子计算攻击的密码技术日趋紧迫,美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards a...量子计算技术对传统密码算法安全性的威胁非常大。在量子计算模型下,公钥密码将被破解,对称密码和杂凑密码的安全性将减半。研究和应用抵抗量子计算攻击的密码技术日趋紧迫,美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)于2022年7月遴选出4种拟标准化的候选算法。随着算法标准化进程接近尾声,后量子密码迁移活动被提上日程。就该领域展开系统性研究,归纳总结主流的后量子密码迁移问题、方案、技术和方法等,并以政务云平台系统进行后量子密码迁移为例进行阐述,为后续的密码应用迁移提供参考。展开更多
Asymmetric cryptographic schemes, represe nted by RSA, have bee n show n to be in secure un der quantum computing conditions. Correspondingly, there is a need to study whether the symmetric cryptosystem can still guar...Asymmetric cryptographic schemes, represe nted by RSA, have bee n show n to be in secure un der quantum computing conditions. Correspondingly, there is a need to study whether the symmetric cryptosystem can still guarantee high security with the advent of quantum computers. In this paper, based on the basic principles of classical slide attacks and Simon's algorithm, we take LED-like lightweight block ciphers as research objects to present a security analysis under both classical and quantum attacks, fully considering the influence on the security of the ciphers of adding the round constants. By analyzing the information leakage of round constants, we can introduce the differential of the round constants to propose a classical slide attack on full-round LED-64 with a probability of 1. The analysis result shows that LED-64 is unable to resist this kind of classical slide attack, but that attack method is not applicable to LED-128. As for quantum attacks, by improving on existing quantum attack methods we dem on strate a qua ntum single-key slide attack on LED-64 and a quantum related-key attack on LED- 128, and indicators of the two attack algorithms are analyzed in detail. The attack results show that adding round consta nts does not completely improve the security of the ciphers, and quantum attacks can provide an exp on ential speed-up over the same attacks in the classical model. It further illustrates that the block cipher that is proved to be safe under classical settings is not necessarily secure under quantum conditions.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61502526)。
文摘The compatibility of different quantum algorithms should be considered when these algorithms are combined.In this paper,the method of combining Grover and Simon is studied for the first time,under some preconditions or assumptions.First,we give two preconditions of applying Grover’s algorithm,which ensure that the success probability of finding the marked element is close to 1.Then,based on these two preconditions,it is found out that the success probability of the quantum algorithm for FXconstruction is far less than 1.Furthermore,we give the design method of the Oracle function,and then present the general method of combining Grover and Simon algorithm for attacking block ciphers,with success probability close to 1.
文摘量子计算技术对传统密码算法安全性的威胁非常大。在量子计算模型下,公钥密码将被破解,对称密码和杂凑密码的安全性将减半。研究和应用抵抗量子计算攻击的密码技术日趋紧迫,美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)于2022年7月遴选出4种拟标准化的候选算法。随着算法标准化进程接近尾声,后量子密码迁移活动被提上日程。就该领域展开系统性研究,归纳总结主流的后量子密码迁移问题、方案、技术和方法等,并以政务云平台系统进行后量子密码迁移为例进行阐述,为后续的密码应用迁移提供参考。
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory(No.KJ-17-003)
文摘Asymmetric cryptographic schemes, represe nted by RSA, have bee n show n to be in secure un der quantum computing conditions. Correspondingly, there is a need to study whether the symmetric cryptosystem can still guarantee high security with the advent of quantum computers. In this paper, based on the basic principles of classical slide attacks and Simon's algorithm, we take LED-like lightweight block ciphers as research objects to present a security analysis under both classical and quantum attacks, fully considering the influence on the security of the ciphers of adding the round constants. By analyzing the information leakage of round constants, we can introduce the differential of the round constants to propose a classical slide attack on full-round LED-64 with a probability of 1. The analysis result shows that LED-64 is unable to resist this kind of classical slide attack, but that attack method is not applicable to LED-128. As for quantum attacks, by improving on existing quantum attack methods we dem on strate a qua ntum single-key slide attack on LED-64 and a quantum related-key attack on LED- 128, and indicators of the two attack algorithms are analyzed in detail. The attack results show that adding round consta nts does not completely improve the security of the ciphers, and quantum attacks can provide an exp on ential speed-up over the same attacks in the classical model. It further illustrates that the block cipher that is proved to be safe under classical settings is not necessarily secure under quantum conditions.
