The article presents a case study about thermal comfort in two public squares located in the coastal region of southeastern Brazil, within a post-occupational assessment context where it was sought to estimate the the...The article presents a case study about thermal comfort in two public squares located in the coastal region of southeastern Brazil, within a post-occupational assessment context where it was sought to estimate the thermal sensation and perception of the users generating systematized knowledge about the built environment. The objective is to instruct future interventions for improvement in the living condition where it is particularly important for the success of the activities predicted there. Surveys on thermal comfort along with goers of the squares were held on three consecutive days in April 2013 and February 2014 with microclimate monitoring of the places adopting the predictive PET （physiological equivalent temperature） index calculated based on the bioclimatic model Rayman. The obtained data set generated valuable information about the pattern of thermal comfort allowing understanding the analytical correlations between PET index, climate variables and the perception of comfort. The article seeks to contribute towards the recognition of bioclimatic specificities in the project process aimed to the improvement of the environmental and social performance of public squares and aspects that are relevant to the urban planners.展开更多
Taking the Donghaochong River as a study case, the environmental evolution process and spatial characteristics of Donghaochong River are analyzed through field investigation, questionnaire and in-depth interview in th...Taking the Donghaochong River as a study case, the environmental evolution process and spatial characteristics of Donghaochong River are analyzed through field investigation, questionnaire and in-depth interview in the context of urban renewal and combining relevant historical documents and statistical data. From the perspective of users, the behavior characteristics and use demand of surrounding users for waterfront space of Donghaochong River in Guangzhou City and the evaluation of usage situation before and after reconstruction of Donghaochong River are summarized to provide relevant optimization suggestions for the creation of satisfactory waterfront landscape environment for users.展开更多
This paper evaluates the livability and convenience of social housing in Liberia from the residents’ perspectives. Using residents’ appraisal from several social housing projects in the suburb of Monrovia, residents...This paper evaluates the livability and convenience of social housing in Liberia from the residents’ perspectives. Using residents’ appraisal from several social housing projects in the suburb of Monrovia, residents’ satisfaction index with regards to the aesthetic, durability and comfort of their homes were measured. It also assessed their overall living environment which includes access to road and basic service facilities such as hospitals, schools, shopping and recreational centers. How secured and comfortable do they feel within their homes? What are the driving factors that led them to acquire their homes? Data were collected from 662 household heads from three housing estates in the suburb of Monrovia using the stratified systematic sampling method and analyzed using IBM SPSS descriptive statistic. Results show that while occupants of public housing are satisfied with certain aspects of their homes, they are generally unsatisfied with their living environment. This investigation is detailed to inform architects, designers and policymakers’ decisions toward social housing in Liberia. It looks at the underlining challenges affecting the improvement of social housing from the end users’ perspective and how these challenges can be mitigated to meet consumers’ satisfaction and make them part of the design process and policymaking.展开更多
POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with ef...POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach （qualitative and quantitative method） by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan.展开更多
Fine-grained spatial utilization enhances post-occupancy evaluation(POE)precision.Traditional methods are limited by lower spatiotemporal resolution and smaller datasets,whereas indoor positioning systems offer high-p...Fine-grained spatial utilization enhances post-occupancy evaluation(POE)precision.Traditional methods are limited by lower spatiotemporal resolution and smaller datasets,whereas indoor positioning systems offer high-precision occupancy data.The proposed indoor space utilization index combing spatial scale,occupancy points,and duration of stay to evaluate the distribution of spatio-temporal behavior and utilization rates within functional zones.Among a two-month period,a dataset of over 200,000 unlabeled behavioral data was collected in an open-office building using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth positioning systems.Through data processing and point projection,it is found that:(1)Point data shows spatio-temporal variations across floors,weekdays versus weekends,and different times of day.(2)High-density,long-duration workstation areas are highly utilized,while low-density,short-duration public spaces are underutilized.(3)Multi-functional atriums,open discussion areas,and entrance-linked elevators are most utilized,reflecting employee work patterns.Analysis of Kullback–Leibler divergence across different spatio-temporal units confirmed the reliability of conclusions,demonstrating that 20 weekdays of valid mobile phone data yield consistent results irrespective of grid sizes.This paradigm leverages long-term,non-intrusive,high-precision positioning data from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth systems to accurately track space utilization dynamics in real time across various scales,supporting human-centered POE.展开更多
With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors...With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.展开更多
It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typica...It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.展开更多
Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces ...Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.展开更多
Pull-ups are a very common fitness exercise that can be seen in many gyms.For athletes,it is very important to perform pull-ups correctly and scientifically.The pull-up scoring method designed in this paper can score ...Pull-ups are a very common fitness exercise that can be seen in many gyms.For athletes,it is very important to perform pull-ups correctly and scientifically.The pull-up scoring method designed in this paper can score the quality of pull-up movement scientifically and objectively,and provide guidance to help athletes better complete the pull-up movement.In this method,the OpenPose algorithm is used to identify the coordinates of skeleton points,and then the coordinate data are processed by a Kalman filter to obtain coordinates closer to the true values.Finally,the filtered data are input into the scoring algorithm designed based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm,and the results of the pull-up quality score and the corresponding guidance are obtained.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
The incidence of benign airway stenosis(BAS)is on the rise,and current treatment options are associated with a significant risk of restenosis.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore new and effective prevention a...The incidence of benign airway stenosis(BAS)is on the rise,and current treatment options are associated with a significant risk of restenosis.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore new and effective prevention and treatment methods.Animal models serve as essential tools for investigating disease mechanisms and assessing novel therapeutic strategies,and the scientific rigor of their construction and validation significantly impacts the reliability of research findings.This paper systematically reviews the research progress and evaluation systems of BAS animal models over the past decade,aiming to provide a robust foundation for the optimized construction of BAS models,intervention studies,and clinical translation.This effort is intended to facilitate the innovation and advancement in BAS prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluat...Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.展开更多
Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characte...Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characteristics of C.gigas from different sources(ploidy,region,size,and culture mode),C.gigas from various ploidy(diploid and triploid),regions(Rushan,Off-site fattening,and Rongcheng),sizes(small,medium,and large)and culture modes(nearshore and offshore)were selected for comparative analyses.The nutritional components(moisture,protein,fat,and mineral),flavor substances(taste amino acids,nucleotides,and succinic acid),and functional indices(eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and taurine)of C.gigas were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to comprehensively evaluate the oysters and investigate the variations in nutritional quality.The PCA results indicate that protein,essential fatty acids,selenium,zinc,taste amino acids,taurine,EPA,and DHA were core components contributing to 82.25%of the cumulative variance,providing a more comprehensive reflection of the nutrient composition of C.gigas.The extensive quality rankings for the C.gigas were as follows:diploid>triploid,Rushan>fattening>Rongcheng,medium>large>small,and offshore>nearshore.The score rank revealed that diploid oysters of medium-size from Rushan demonstrated superior nutritional quality compared to other tested samples.This is the first comprehensive and systematic investigation of C.gigas in northern China to reveal the feature of nutrients,flavor,and functional components.The study provided data support for the culture,consumption,processing,research,and nutritional quality improvement of oyster industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core functi...Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.展开更多
Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both g...Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.展开更多
With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends...With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends to develop a scientific and rational evaluation methodology and framework for assessing service quality in civil aviation airports,thereby providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing service standards in the aviation industry.First,the study constructs a CRITIC-bidirectional grey possibility clustering model,which uses the CRITIC method to determine the weights of indicators and integrates the forward grey possibility clustering model and the inverse grey possibility clustering model to determine possibility functions from two perspectives.Second,a service quality evaluation index system for civil airports is constructed from four dimensions,and the weights of each index within the system are subsequently calculated.Finally,the constructed model is applied to evaluate the service quality of nine domestic civil airports.Based on the clustering results,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.Empirical results demonstrate that,compared to the traditional grey possibility clustering model,the proposed model balances the objectivity of indicator weighting,the objectivity of possibility function construction,and the simplicity of the computational process,thereby possessing significant theoretical and practical implications.展开更多
The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt ...The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.展开更多
The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understan...The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understand their correlative relationship among six properties,this paper firstly combines group evaluation with decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)model,and develops the optimization model based on group consensus to form six influent relationship matrices.Secondly,group consensus matrix is used to design super network hierarchy matrix,and the weights of six properties with relevant environment is also proposed.Thirdly,the elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)model is used to make comprehensive evaluation,and an example is used to compare the results under two kinds of conditions,and illustrate the effect of the weights of six properties on the priority of equipment products.展开更多
In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road perfor...In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures(ECRM),this study employed recycled asphalt pavement(RAP)and reclaimed inorganic binder stabilized aggregate(RAI)as dual recycled materials for ECRM preparation.The blending ratios of reclaimed base and surface layer mixtures significantly influence ECRM's performance,with adjusted proportions substantially improving compressive strength and dynamic modulus.Firstly,three distinct proportioning options were developed for the recycled materials.Mix designs incorporating varying RAP/RAI ratios were used to determine the optimal mix parameters:moisture content,cement dosage,and emulsified asphalt content.Subsequently,comprehensive performance evaluations were conducted through high-temperature wheel tracking tests,freeze-thaw splitting tests,uniaxial compression tests,and dynamic modulus measurements to analyze the pavement characteristics of the three ECRM formulations.Experimental results demonstrate:Compared with ECRM with a blending ratio of RAP:RAI:new aggregate=30:50:20(Option 1),the dynamic stability,freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio,compressive strength,and compressive resilient modulus of ECRM under Option 3(RAP:RAI:new aggregate=50:30:20)decreased by 31.8%,5.2%,16.4%,and 13.1%,respectively.This indicates that increasing RAP content while reducing RAI proportion enhances the tensile strength of ECRM,yet adversely affects its high-temperature stability,moisture resistance,and compressive performance.This work not only addresses the challenge of jointly utilizing asphalt pavement waste and base waste,but also provides a cost-effective and sustainable method for the stable application of milling material resources in road engineering.展开更多
文摘The article presents a case study about thermal comfort in two public squares located in the coastal region of southeastern Brazil, within a post-occupational assessment context where it was sought to estimate the thermal sensation and perception of the users generating systematized knowledge about the built environment. The objective is to instruct future interventions for improvement in the living condition where it is particularly important for the success of the activities predicted there. Surveys on thermal comfort along with goers of the squares were held on three consecutive days in April 2013 and February 2014 with microclimate monitoring of the places adopting the predictive PET （physiological equivalent temperature） index calculated based on the bioclimatic model Rayman. The obtained data set generated valuable information about the pattern of thermal comfort allowing understanding the analytical correlations between PET index, climate variables and the perception of comfort. The article seeks to contribute towards the recognition of bioclimatic specificities in the project process aimed to the improvement of the environmental and social performance of public squares and aspects that are relevant to the urban planners.
文摘Taking the Donghaochong River as a study case, the environmental evolution process and spatial characteristics of Donghaochong River are analyzed through field investigation, questionnaire and in-depth interview in the context of urban renewal and combining relevant historical documents and statistical data. From the perspective of users, the behavior characteristics and use demand of surrounding users for waterfront space of Donghaochong River in Guangzhou City and the evaluation of usage situation before and after reconstruction of Donghaochong River are summarized to provide relevant optimization suggestions for the creation of satisfactory waterfront landscape environment for users.
文摘This paper evaluates the livability and convenience of social housing in Liberia from the residents’ perspectives. Using residents’ appraisal from several social housing projects in the suburb of Monrovia, residents’ satisfaction index with regards to the aesthetic, durability and comfort of their homes were measured. It also assessed their overall living environment which includes access to road and basic service facilities such as hospitals, schools, shopping and recreational centers. How secured and comfortable do they feel within their homes? What are the driving factors that led them to acquire their homes? Data were collected from 662 household heads from three housing estates in the suburb of Monrovia using the stratified systematic sampling method and analyzed using IBM SPSS descriptive statistic. Results show that while occupants of public housing are satisfied with certain aspects of their homes, they are generally unsatisfied with their living environment. This investigation is detailed to inform architects, designers and policymakers’ decisions toward social housing in Liberia. It looks at the underlining challenges affecting the improvement of social housing from the end users’ perspective and how these challenges can be mitigated to meet consumers’ satisfaction and make them part of the design process and policymaking.
文摘POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach （qualitative and quantitative method） by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3801302)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52208113).
文摘Fine-grained spatial utilization enhances post-occupancy evaluation(POE)precision.Traditional methods are limited by lower spatiotemporal resolution and smaller datasets,whereas indoor positioning systems offer high-precision occupancy data.The proposed indoor space utilization index combing spatial scale,occupancy points,and duration of stay to evaluate the distribution of spatio-temporal behavior and utilization rates within functional zones.Among a two-month period,a dataset of over 200,000 unlabeled behavioral data was collected in an open-office building using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth positioning systems.Through data processing and point projection,it is found that:(1)Point data shows spatio-temporal variations across floors,weekdays versus weekends,and different times of day.(2)High-density,long-duration workstation areas are highly utilized,while low-density,short-duration public spaces are underutilized.(3)Multi-functional atriums,open discussion areas,and entrance-linked elevators are most utilized,reflecting employee work patterns.Analysis of Kullback–Leibler divergence across different spatio-temporal units confirmed the reliability of conclusions,demonstrating that 20 weekdays of valid mobile phone data yield consistent results irrespective of grid sizes.This paradigm leverages long-term,non-intrusive,high-precision positioning data from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth systems to accurately track space utilization dynamics in real time across various scales,supporting human-centered POE.
基金Supported by Tangshan Talent Funding Project in 2025(B202304018).
文摘With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275153)the Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu,China(No.BF2024068)+1 种基金The Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,ChinaResearch Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),China(Nos.MCAS-I-0425K01,MCAS-I-0423G01)。
文摘It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.
文摘Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.
文摘Pull-ups are a very common fitness exercise that can be seen in many gyms.For athletes,it is very important to perform pull-ups correctly and scientifically.The pull-up scoring method designed in this paper can score the quality of pull-up movement scientifically and objectively,and provide guidance to help athletes better complete the pull-up movement.In this method,the OpenPose algorithm is used to identify the coordinates of skeleton points,and then the coordinate data are processed by a Kalman filter to obtain coordinates closer to the true values.Finally,the filtered data are input into the scoring algorithm designed based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm,and the results of the pull-up quality score and the corresponding guidance are obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82000102 and 82270112。
文摘The incidence of benign airway stenosis(BAS)is on the rise,and current treatment options are associated with a significant risk of restenosis.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore new and effective prevention and treatment methods.Animal models serve as essential tools for investigating disease mechanisms and assessing novel therapeutic strategies,and the scientific rigor of their construction and validation significantly impacts the reliability of research findings.This paper systematically reviews the research progress and evaluation systems of BAS animal models over the past decade,aiming to provide a robust foundation for the optimized construction of BAS models,intervention studies,and clinical translation.This effort is intended to facilitate the innovation and advancement in BAS prevention and treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277147)Ningbo Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.2024S081)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J186).
文摘Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.
基金Supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022024016)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(Nos.2023TD52,2023TD76)the earmarked fund for CARS(No.CARS-49)。
文摘Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characteristics of C.gigas from different sources(ploidy,region,size,and culture mode),C.gigas from various ploidy(diploid and triploid),regions(Rushan,Off-site fattening,and Rongcheng),sizes(small,medium,and large)and culture modes(nearshore and offshore)were selected for comparative analyses.The nutritional components(moisture,protein,fat,and mineral),flavor substances(taste amino acids,nucleotides,and succinic acid),and functional indices(eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and taurine)of C.gigas were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to comprehensively evaluate the oysters and investigate the variations in nutritional quality.The PCA results indicate that protein,essential fatty acids,selenium,zinc,taste amino acids,taurine,EPA,and DHA were core components contributing to 82.25%of the cumulative variance,providing a more comprehensive reflection of the nutrient composition of C.gigas.The extensive quality rankings for the C.gigas were as follows:diploid>triploid,Rushan>fattening>Rongcheng,medium>large>small,and offshore>nearshore.The score rank revealed that diploid oysters of medium-size from Rushan demonstrated superior nutritional quality compared to other tested samples.This is the first comprehensive and systematic investigation of C.gigas in northern China to reveal the feature of nutrients,flavor,and functional components.The study provided data support for the culture,consumption,processing,research,and nutritional quality improvement of oyster industry.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52574047 and Grant No.52374045)Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Joint Fund for Science Technology and Education,China(Grant No.2025NSFSC2008).
文摘Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2342210 and 42275043)the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(Grant Nos.J2223806,ZDJ2024-25 and ZDJ2025-34)。
文摘Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.
基金support supplied by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72571136,72271120)the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China Humanities and Social Science project(No.24YJA630087)。
文摘With the rapid development of the aviation industry,air travel has become one of the most important modes.Improving the service quality of civil aviation airports is crucial to their competitiveness.This study intends to develop a scientific and rational evaluation methodology and framework for assessing service quality in civil aviation airports,thereby providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing service standards in the aviation industry.First,the study constructs a CRITIC-bidirectional grey possibility clustering model,which uses the CRITIC method to determine the weights of indicators and integrates the forward grey possibility clustering model and the inverse grey possibility clustering model to determine possibility functions from two perspectives.Second,a service quality evaluation index system for civil airports is constructed from four dimensions,and the weights of each index within the system are subsequently calculated.Finally,the constructed model is applied to evaluate the service quality of nine domestic civil airports.Based on the clustering results,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.Empirical results demonstrate that,compared to the traditional grey possibility clustering model,the proposed model balances the objectivity of indicator weighting,the objectivity of possibility function construction,and the simplicity of the computational process,thereby possessing significant theoretical and practical implications.
基金supported by NARI Relays Electric Co.,Ltd.under the Project“Research on Evaluation of Clearing Results and Switching Criteria for Primary-Backup Systems in Electricity SpotMarkets”(Project No.CGSQ240800443).
文摘The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.
文摘The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understand their correlative relationship among six properties,this paper firstly combines group evaluation with decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)model,and develops the optimization model based on group consensus to form six influent relationship matrices.Secondly,group consensus matrix is used to design super network hierarchy matrix,and the weights of six properties with relevant environment is also proposed.Thirdly,the elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)model is used to make comprehensive evaluation,and an example is used to compare the results under two kinds of conditions,and illustrate the effect of the weights of six properties on the priority of equipment products.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308466)SASAC Science and Technology Innovation Project(JF-23-01-0063)Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Research Project(25-84 K,25-85 K).
文摘In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures(ECRM),this study employed recycled asphalt pavement(RAP)and reclaimed inorganic binder stabilized aggregate(RAI)as dual recycled materials for ECRM preparation.The blending ratios of reclaimed base and surface layer mixtures significantly influence ECRM's performance,with adjusted proportions substantially improving compressive strength and dynamic modulus.Firstly,three distinct proportioning options were developed for the recycled materials.Mix designs incorporating varying RAP/RAI ratios were used to determine the optimal mix parameters:moisture content,cement dosage,and emulsified asphalt content.Subsequently,comprehensive performance evaluations were conducted through high-temperature wheel tracking tests,freeze-thaw splitting tests,uniaxial compression tests,and dynamic modulus measurements to analyze the pavement characteristics of the three ECRM formulations.Experimental results demonstrate:Compared with ECRM with a blending ratio of RAP:RAI:new aggregate=30:50:20(Option 1),the dynamic stability,freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio,compressive strength,and compressive resilient modulus of ECRM under Option 3(RAP:RAI:new aggregate=50:30:20)decreased by 31.8%,5.2%,16.4%,and 13.1%,respectively.This indicates that increasing RAP content while reducing RAI proportion enhances the tensile strength of ECRM,yet adversely affects its high-temperature stability,moisture resistance,and compressive performance.This work not only addresses the challenge of jointly utilizing asphalt pavement waste and base waste,but also provides a cost-effective and sustainable method for the stable application of milling material resources in road engineering.
