Rock fracture warning is one of the significant challenges in rock mechanics.Many true triaxial and synchronous acoustic emission(AE)tests were conducted on granite samples.The investigation focused on the characteris...Rock fracture warning is one of the significant challenges in rock mechanics.Many true triaxial and synchronous acoustic emission(AE)tests were conducted on granite samples.The investigation focused on the characteristics of AE signals preceding granite fracture,based on the critical slowing down(CSD)theory.The granite undergoes a transition from the stable phase to the fracture phase and exhibits a clear CSD phenomenon,characterized by a pronounced increase in variance and autocorrelation coefficient.The variance mutation points were found to be more identifiable and suitable as the primary criterion for predicting precursor information related to granite fracture,compared to the autocorrelation coefficient.It is noteworthy to emphasize that the CSD factor holds greater potential in elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for the critical transition of granite fracture,in comparison to the AE timing parameters.Furthermore,a novel multi-parameter collaborative prediction method for rock fracture was developed by comprehensively analyzing predictive information,including abnormal variation modes and the CSD factor of AE characteristic parameters.This method enhances the understanding and prediction of rock fracture-related geohazards.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD al...BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.展开更多
Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translati...Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translations under the perspective of translation aesthetics.The study finds that:Kenneth Rexroth’s translation is poor in textual understanding,with a lot of errors,and is too shallow in emotional expression,remaining only on the surface of the text;Lin Yutang makes occasional mistakes in understanding individual words,and is able to explore the implicit feelings of the lyricist,and his translation focuses on textual and phonological beauty;Xu Yuanchong’s translation is not only capable of conveying the meaning of the original work,but also of conveying the lyricist’s feelings more vividly and focusing on the phonological beauty.Xu Yuanchong’s translation not only conveys the meaning of the original work,but also vividly conveys the emotion of the lyricist,and pays attention to the beauty of sound.展开更多
A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compressio...A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.展开更多
The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are asso...The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.展开更多
Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zeal...Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.展开更多
Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neuroph...Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of acute methamphetamine exposure(AME)on sleep homeostasis remain to be explored.This study employed non-human primates and electroencephalogram(EEG)sleep staging to evaluate the influence of AME on neural oscillations.The primary focus was on alterations in spindles,delta oscillations,and slow oscillations(SOs)and their interactions as conduits through which AME influences sleep stability.AME predominantly diminishes sleep-spindle waves in the non-rapid eye movement 2(NREM2)stage,and impacts SOs and delta waves differentially.Furthermore,the competitive relationships between SO/delta waves nesting with sleep spindles were selectively strengthened by methamphetamine.Complexity analysis also revealed that the SO-nested spindles had lost their ability to maintain sleep depth and stability.In summary,this finding could be one of the intrinsic electrophysiological mechanisms by which AME disrupted sleep homeostasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.A...BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.AIM To investigate the mechanism of XSD for STC,we combined network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking analysis,and in vivo studies.METHODS The therapeutic effects of XSD on loperamide-induced STC in rats were assessed through 24-hour fecal number,fecal moisture content,and intestinal propelling rate.Hematoxylin–eosin and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining were applied to analyze colonic mucosa for histopathological presentation and mucin production.Next,the mechanism of action of XSD for STC was elucidated through network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses,and the findings were validated by the animal experiments.RESULTS XSD significantly alleviated the symptoms of STC in rats.Relative to the STC rats,in the medium-dose XSD and high-dose XSD rats,stem cell factor,C-kit,phosphophosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase,phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B,catalase,and superoxide dismutase were substantially upregulated(P<0.01);nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(nuclear/cytoplasmic)and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)were increased(P<0.05),while cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)/Bcl-2,and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase in the high-dose XSD group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and Bax was statistically lowered(P<0.01);glutathione peroxidase in the medium-dose XSD group was increased(P<0.05),while Bax was reduced(P<0.05).CONCLUSION XSD may inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in interstitial cells of Cajal by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway,thereby effectively treating STC.展开更多
Kernel-based slow feature analysis(SFA)methods have been successfully applied in the industrial process fault detection field.However,kernel-based SFA methods have high computational complexity as dealing with nonline...Kernel-based slow feature analysis(SFA)methods have been successfully applied in the industrial process fault detection field.However,kernel-based SFA methods have high computational complexity as dealing with nonlinearity,leading to delays in detecting time-varying data features.Additionally,the uncertain kernel function and kernel parameters limit the ability of the extracted features to express process characteristics,resulting in poor fault detection performance.To alleviate the above problems,a novel randomized auto-regressive dynamic slow feature analysis(RRDSFA)method is proposed to simultaneously monitor the operating point deviations and process dynamic faults,enabling real-time monitoring of data features in industrial processes.Firstly,the proposed Random Fourier mappingbased method achieves more effective nonlinear transformation,contrasting with the current kernelbased RDSFA algorithm that may lead to significant computational complexity.Secondly,a randomized RDSFA model is developed to extract nonlinear dynamic slow features.Furthermore,a Bayesian inference-based overall fault monitoring model including all RRDSFA sub-models is developed to overcome the randomness of random Fourier mapping.Finally,the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method are demonstrated through a numerical case and a simulation of continuous stirred tank reactor.展开更多
Structural fine-tuning is of significant importance to enhance the magnetic anisotropy and elucidate the magneto-structural relationship for single molecule magnets(SMMs).For this purpose,two mononuclear Dy^(3+) SMMs:...Structural fine-tuning is of significant importance to enhance the magnetic anisotropy and elucidate the magneto-structural relationship for single molecule magnets(SMMs).For this purpose,two mononuclear Dy^(3+) SMMs:[Dy{HB(pz)3}2(Sal)](1) and [Dy{HB(pz)_(3)}_(2)(MeO-Sal)](2),where HB(pz)_(3)^(-)represents hydro tris(pyrazolyl)borate,Sal denotes salicyiaidehyde and MeO-Sal stands for 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde,were designed and synthesized.Single crystal X-ray diffraction tests show that the two SMMs have very similar eight-coordinated molecule structures,although the introducing of-MeO substituent on salicyiaidehyde ligand induces the changes on the molecule packing mode and the space group.Both the two SMMs have a Dy-O_(aryloxidebond) that is significantly shorter than other Dy-O/N bonds,which defines the orientation of main anisotropy axis of the ground Kramers doublets and engenders the slow relaxation of the magnetization behavior,as evidenced by the magnetic susceptibility and the ab initio calculation.Though with an electron-donating substituent on the axial Sal ligand in 2,the collective magnetic anisotropy is not enhanced and the corresponding magneto-structural relationship is discussed based on the experimental and theoretical calculation results.In addition,as neutral molecules,1 and 2 are soluble in several common organic solvents,like CH_(2)Cl_(2),CHCl_(3),THF and so on.展开更多
Background:The extensor carpi radial muscle may become imbalanced compared to other muscles in the upper arm and can disrupt the overall muscle balance in the upper limb.This muscular imbalance may then cause inflamma...Background:The extensor carpi radial muscle may become imbalanced compared to other muscles in the upper arm and can disrupt the overall muscle balance in the upper limb.This muscular imbalance may then cause inflammation or irritation in the tendon.Regular physical activity is rarely used as the only treatment for lowering limb edema.Heavy slow resistance(HSR)training is effective compared to regular exercises.HSR affects functional abilities and physical refinement differently from conventional workouts.This study evaluated the effects of HSR and conventional exercise(CE)on subjects aged 45–65 years with unilateral elbow pain on,in Chennai city.Methods:Patient received conservative care in the Physiotherapy Department from January 2022 to April 2022.This study compares the pre-and posttypes.Tennis Elbow Evaluation(Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation,PRTEE)questionnaires,a patient-specific functional scale,and grip strength tests were used in the study.Results from the study's treatment HSR group and treatment CE group are contrasted.Results:After 12 weeks of therapy,investigators reassessed grip strength,PRTEE scores,and functional scale responses.In the posttest results of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation survey,there is a statistically significant difference between Group HSR and Group CE(p<0.001).The posttest outcomes from the patient-specific activity scoring scheme questionnaire revealed a statistically significant disparity between Groups HSR and CE(p<0.001).The mean values for both groups exhibited a noteworthy change,with Team HSR demonstrating higher values in contrast to the control treatment.Conclusion:HSR exercise demonstrates superior effectiveness over CEs for lateral epicondylitis(LE)management,emphasizing its significance in treatment.展开更多
Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter ...Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter SSE, occurring in a similar area, lasted approximately 2 years with M_(w) ~7.2 and an average slip rate of ~91 mm/year. To test whether these SSEs triggered earthquakes near the slow slip area, we calculated the Coulomb stressing rate changes on receiver faults by using two fault geometry definitions: nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions of past earthquakes, and optimally oriented fault planes. Regions in the shallow slab(30–60 km) that experienced a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate due to slip by the SSEs showed an increase in seismicity rates during SSE periods. No correlation was found in the volumes that underwent a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate during the SSE within the crust and the intermediate slab. We modeled variations in seismicity rates by using a combination of the Coulomb stress transfer model and the framework of rate-and-state friction. Our model indicated that the SSEs increased the Coulomb stress changes on adjacent faults,thereby increasing the seismicity rates even though the ratio of the SSE stressing rate to the background stressing rate was small. Each long-term SSE in Alaska brought the megathrust updip of the SSE areas closer to failure by up to 0.1–0.15 MPa. The volumes of significant Coulomb stress changes caused by the Upper and Lower Cook Inlet SSEs did not overlap.展开更多
This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay ba...This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay bandwidth product(NDBP)and low group velocity dispersion(GVD).We simulate,analyze,and optimize the structural parameters of this slow-light waveguide using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,theoretically achieving a maximum group index of 3.7,maximum bandwidth of 15.6 nm,and maximum NDBP of 0.4416 for slow-light effect.The resonant ring-modified PhC slow-light waveguide designed in this paper exhibits GVD lower than the order of 10^(−20)s^(2)/m over a normalized frequency range from 0.3554 to 0.4175.This study is expected to provide theoretical references for the study of slow-light buffering devices based on PhCs with high NDBP values.展开更多
Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events a...Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocytic contribution) as ischemic currents and spreading depolarization also have a well-known pathophysiological role in worsening consequences of stroke,traumatic brain injury,or epilepsy.One might assume that slow inward currents occurring with low frequency under physiological conditions might contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory formation.However,to state this,more experimental evidence from greater neuronal networks or the level of the individual is needed.In this review,I aimed to summarize findings on slow inward currents and to speculate on the potential functions of it.展开更多
Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improv...Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.展开更多
Topological slow light and rainbow trapping tend to rely on large-scale interface structure in previous research work,which have restricted further miniaturization.In this work,we propose a method to realize slow ligh...Topological slow light and rainbow trapping tend to rely on large-scale interface structure in previous research work,which have restricted further miniaturization.In this work,we propose a method to realize slow light and rainbow trapping at the zigzag edge of a single valley photonic crystals(VPCs)bounded by air,which is very different from previous studies where rainbow trapping is supported at the interface separating two VPCs with inversion symmetry.By constructing the VPC–air boundaries and VPC–VPC interfaces experimentally,we have observed the topologically protected rainbow trapping simultaneously at the external and internal boundary.This work provides a feasible platform for the miniaturized optical communication devices such as optical buffers,optical storage and optical routing.展开更多
Lanthanide complex-based materials with magnetic and luminescent properties have received a great deal of attention,owing to their importantly potential applications in diverse fields.In this work,the 9-anthracenecarb...Lanthanide complex-based materials with magnetic and luminescent properties have received a great deal of attention,owing to their importantly potential applications in diverse fields.In this work,the 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid(9-Haca)as bridging ligand was applied in combination with optically activeπ-conjugated 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(tptz)to construct a series of new di-nuclear and tetranuclear lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]·0.25H_(2)O(1),[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5AQ·CH_(3)COOH_(2)H_(2)O[Ln=Sm(2a),Eu(2b),Gd(2c),Tb(2d),Dy(2e),Tm(2f);AQ=9,10-anthracenedione]and[Ln_(4)(9-aca)_(10)(tptz)_(2)(CH3COO)2]·H_(2)O[Ln=Eu(3a),Gd(3b),Dy(3c)].1 displays a di-nuclear centrosymmetric moiety[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]built up from two complex[La(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)]groups bridged by one H_(2)O molecule and two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,while 2a-2f are isostructural and co mprise another di-nuclear centrosymmetric moieties[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]based on two complex[Ln(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)(H_(2)O)]groups connected by two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,3a-3c are isostructural and show tetra-nuclear centro symmetric moieties[Ln4(9-aca)10(tptz)2(CH3COO)2]containing three types of coordination modes of 9-aca-ligands.The present compounds offer the only examples of lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates decorated by optically active tptz.Magnetic investigations of 2a,2c-2f,and 3b-3c indicate that 3c is typical of slow relaxation of the magnetization,while 2c and 3b show significant magnetocaloric effect(MCE)with the value of-ΔSm of 5.26 J/(kg·K)at 4 K and 15.65 J/(kg·K)at 2 K(ΔH=7 T),respectively.The luminescent properties were also studied and reveal that the characteristic luminescent properties of the 7r-conjugated aromatic ligands are introduced into magnetic lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates,simultaneously exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation(or MCE)and luminescent properties.展开更多
This paper uses the implicit Monte–Carlo full-orbit-following parallel program ISSDE to calculate the prompt loss and slowing down process of neutral beam injection(NBI)-generated fast ions due to Coulomb collisions ...This paper uses the implicit Monte–Carlo full-orbit-following parallel program ISSDE to calculate the prompt loss and slowing down process of neutral beam injection(NBI)-generated fast ions due to Coulomb collisions in the equilibrium configuration of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This program is based on the weak equivalence of the Fokker–Planck equation under Rosenbluth Mac Donald Judd(RMJ)potential and Stratonovich stochastic differential equation(SDE).The prompt loss with the LCFS boundary and the first wall(FW)boundary of the two co-current neutral injection beams are studied.Simulation results indicate that the loss behavior of fast ions using the FW boundary is very different from that of the LCFS boundary,especially for fast ions with a large gyration radius.According to our calculations,about 5.11%of fast ions generated by perpendicular injection drift out of the LCFS and then return inside the LCFS to be captured by the magnetic field.The prompt loss ratio of fast ions and the ratio of orbital types depend on the initial distribution of fast ions in the Pζ–Λspace.Under the effect of Coulomb collisions,the pitch-angle scattering and stochastic diffusion happens,which will cause more fast ion loss.For short time scales,among the particles lost due to collisions,the fraction of banana ions reaches 92.31%in the perpendicular beam and 58.65%in the tangential beam when the fraction of banana ions in the tangential beam is 3.4%of the total ions,which means that the effect of Coulomb collisions on banana fast ions is more significant.For long time scales,the additional fast ion loss caused by Coulomb collisions of tangential and perpendicular beams accounted for 16.21%and 25.05%of the total particles,respectively.We have also investigated the slowing down process of NBI fast ions.展开更多
There are numerous published theories that cover the different biological processes relating to ageing. No one seems to have integrated such complex and seemingly unrelated information into a holistic framework that e...There are numerous published theories that cover the different biological processes relating to ageing. No one seems to have integrated such complex and seemingly unrelated information into a holistic framework that explains in simple terms the key aspects of ageing and provides a set of daily practices for staying young and healthy. An atiempt is made here to select a 6-dimensional framework symbolized by heart, mind, passion, focus, body and health, and correlate it to the mental, emotional, physical and health aspects of ageing. Based on grounded theory, this paper empirically correlates 30 practical methods that can be used to develop all six dimensions, with 18 key factors that were found to infl uence ageing: Neurogenesis;Epigenetic reprogramming;Removing dying cells;Mitochondria resuscitation;Calorie restriction;Plant-based diet;Regular physical activity;Chi Kung (Qigong);Overcoming anxiety, depression and stress;Positive mind-set;Some worrying;Vitamins and minerals;L-Theanine;Omega-3 and healthy fats;Coenzyme Q-10;Pyrroloquinoline quinone;Nitric oxide;Choline. In this study, 26 references were used to establish that all 18 of these seemingly unrelated key anti-ageing factors can be developed using 30 daily practices derived from the 6-dimensional framework. These simple daily prac-tices can help people of all ages to stay young and healthy, and help older people who are living alone to self-improve their quality of life without needing anyone to look atier them. Since many anti-ageing drugs seem to be ineffective, this study provides a holistic new research direction for using modern science and ancient human energy practices combined with wholesome nutrition to slow ageing and age-related illnesses.展开更多
We study the critical slowing down phenomenon in deformation and groundwater observations before the Nilka-Gongliu MS6. 0 earthquake on November 1, 2011 and Xinyuan-Hejing M S6. 6 earthquake on June 30,2012. Firstly,w...We study the critical slowing down phenomenon in deformation and groundwater observations before the Nilka-Gongliu MS6. 0 earthquake on November 1, 2011 and Xinyuan-Hejing M S6. 6 earthquake on June 30,2012. Firstly,we remove the annual variation and tendency change of basic data by means of wavelet transform analysis.Secondly,we calculate the autocorrelation coefficients and variance of the critical slowing down phenomenon. Lastly,we try to verify the critical slowing down phenomenon before an earthquake. The result indicates that there was obvious critical slowing down of the records at different stations before earthquakes.展开更多
基金Project(52074294)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022YJSNY16)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Rock fracture warning is one of the significant challenges in rock mechanics.Many true triaxial and synchronous acoustic emission(AE)tests were conducted on granite samples.The investigation focused on the characteristics of AE signals preceding granite fracture,based on the critical slowing down(CSD)theory.The granite undergoes a transition from the stable phase to the fracture phase and exhibits a clear CSD phenomenon,characterized by a pronounced increase in variance and autocorrelation coefficient.The variance mutation points were found to be more identifiable and suitable as the primary criterion for predicting precursor information related to granite fracture,compared to the autocorrelation coefficient.It is noteworthy to emphasize that the CSD factor holds greater potential in elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for the critical transition of granite fracture,in comparison to the AE timing parameters.Furthermore,a novel multi-parameter collaborative prediction method for rock fracture was developed by comprehensively analyzing predictive information,including abnormal variation modes and the CSD factor of AE characteristic parameters.This method enhances the understanding and prediction of rock fracture-related geohazards.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.2022B1515020003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174369,No.82405397,No.82374442,and No.81973847+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF No.GZC20233247National Key Clinical Disciplineand the Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,No.2020B1111170004.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.
文摘Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translations under the perspective of translation aesthetics.The study finds that:Kenneth Rexroth’s translation is poor in textual understanding,with a lot of errors,and is too shallow in emotional expression,remaining only on the surface of the text;Lin Yutang makes occasional mistakes in understanding individual words,and is able to explore the implicit feelings of the lyricist,and his translation focuses on textual and phonological beauty;Xu Yuanchong’s translation is not only capable of conveying the meaning of the original work,but also of conveying the lyricist’s feelings more vividly and focusing on the phonological beauty.Xu Yuanchong’s translation not only conveys the meaning of the original work,but also vividly conveys the emotion of the lyricist,and pays attention to the beauty of sound.
基金Postdoctoral Science Fund(043201027)National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(41831290)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52079068).
文摘A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,18H05475,18H05476 and JP20H00312)MRC International Collaborative Research Grant+4 种基金The authors would like to thank the Czech Science Foundation(Project No.22-22248S)specific university research(A1_FCHT_2024_007)for financial supportsupported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic.Project No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004591co-funded by the European UnionCzechNanoLab project LM2023051 funded by MEYS CR is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of the measurements/sample fabrication at LNSM Research Infrastructure。
文摘The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704031,42374040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(20232BAB203073)the Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources(MEMI-2021-2022-29).
文摘Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271515)the SJTU Trans-Med Awards Research(No.2019015)+4 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai(No.KY20211478)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021SHZDZX)the Nursing Development Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.SJTUHLXK2022)the 2024 Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Nursing Research Fund(No.RJHK-2024-001)the Shanghai Nursing Association Funding(No.2024MS-B13),China。
文摘Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of acute methamphetamine exposure(AME)on sleep homeostasis remain to be explored.This study employed non-human primates and electroencephalogram(EEG)sleep staging to evaluate the influence of AME on neural oscillations.The primary focus was on alterations in spindles,delta oscillations,and slow oscillations(SOs)and their interactions as conduits through which AME influences sleep stability.AME predominantly diminishes sleep-spindle waves in the non-rapid eye movement 2(NREM2)stage,and impacts SOs and delta waves differentially.Furthermore,the competitive relationships between SO/delta waves nesting with sleep spindles were selectively strengthened by methamphetamine.Complexity analysis also revealed that the SO-nested spindles had lost their ability to maintain sleep depth and stability.In summary,this finding could be one of the intrinsic electrophysiological mechanisms by which AME disrupted sleep homeostasis.
基金Supported by the 2024 Hospital Innovation Talent Cultivation Fund Project,No.2024YGKT12.
文摘BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.AIM To investigate the mechanism of XSD for STC,we combined network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking analysis,and in vivo studies.METHODS The therapeutic effects of XSD on loperamide-induced STC in rats were assessed through 24-hour fecal number,fecal moisture content,and intestinal propelling rate.Hematoxylin–eosin and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining were applied to analyze colonic mucosa for histopathological presentation and mucin production.Next,the mechanism of action of XSD for STC was elucidated through network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses,and the findings were validated by the animal experiments.RESULTS XSD significantly alleviated the symptoms of STC in rats.Relative to the STC rats,in the medium-dose XSD and high-dose XSD rats,stem cell factor,C-kit,phosphophosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase,phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B,catalase,and superoxide dismutase were substantially upregulated(P<0.01);nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(nuclear/cytoplasmic)and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)were increased(P<0.05),while cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)/Bcl-2,and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase in the high-dose XSD group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and Bax was statistically lowered(P<0.01);glutathione peroxidase in the medium-dose XSD group was increased(P<0.05),while Bax was reduced(P<0.05).CONCLUSION XSD may inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in interstitial cells of Cajal by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway,thereby effectively treating STC.
基金supported by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20329,62163036)Youth Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Training project(202105AC160094)Industrial Innovation Talent Special Project of Xingdian Talent Support Program(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0010).
文摘Kernel-based slow feature analysis(SFA)methods have been successfully applied in the industrial process fault detection field.However,kernel-based SFA methods have high computational complexity as dealing with nonlinearity,leading to delays in detecting time-varying data features.Additionally,the uncertain kernel function and kernel parameters limit the ability of the extracted features to express process characteristics,resulting in poor fault detection performance.To alleviate the above problems,a novel randomized auto-regressive dynamic slow feature analysis(RRDSFA)method is proposed to simultaneously monitor the operating point deviations and process dynamic faults,enabling real-time monitoring of data features in industrial processes.Firstly,the proposed Random Fourier mappingbased method achieves more effective nonlinear transformation,contrasting with the current kernelbased RDSFA algorithm that may lead to significant computational complexity.Secondly,a randomized RDSFA model is developed to extract nonlinear dynamic slow features.Furthermore,a Bayesian inference-based overall fault monitoring model including all RRDSFA sub-models is developed to overcome the randomness of random Fourier mapping.Finally,the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method are demonstrated through a numerical case and a simulation of continuous stirred tank reactor.
基金Project supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2023-JC-YB-137)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21901200)。
文摘Structural fine-tuning is of significant importance to enhance the magnetic anisotropy and elucidate the magneto-structural relationship for single molecule magnets(SMMs).For this purpose,two mononuclear Dy^(3+) SMMs:[Dy{HB(pz)3}2(Sal)](1) and [Dy{HB(pz)_(3)}_(2)(MeO-Sal)](2),where HB(pz)_(3)^(-)represents hydro tris(pyrazolyl)borate,Sal denotes salicyiaidehyde and MeO-Sal stands for 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde,were designed and synthesized.Single crystal X-ray diffraction tests show that the two SMMs have very similar eight-coordinated molecule structures,although the introducing of-MeO substituent on salicyiaidehyde ligand induces the changes on the molecule packing mode and the space group.Both the two SMMs have a Dy-O_(aryloxidebond) that is significantly shorter than other Dy-O/N bonds,which defines the orientation of main anisotropy axis of the ground Kramers doublets and engenders the slow relaxation of the magnetization behavior,as evidenced by the magnetic susceptibility and the ab initio calculation.Though with an electron-donating substituent on the axial Sal ligand in 2,the collective magnetic anisotropy is not enhanced and the corresponding magneto-structural relationship is discussed based on the experimental and theoretical calculation results.In addition,as neutral molecules,1 and 2 are soluble in several common organic solvents,like CH_(2)Cl_(2),CHCl_(3),THF and so on.
文摘Background:The extensor carpi radial muscle may become imbalanced compared to other muscles in the upper arm and can disrupt the overall muscle balance in the upper limb.This muscular imbalance may then cause inflammation or irritation in the tendon.Regular physical activity is rarely used as the only treatment for lowering limb edema.Heavy slow resistance(HSR)training is effective compared to regular exercises.HSR affects functional abilities and physical refinement differently from conventional workouts.This study evaluated the effects of HSR and conventional exercise(CE)on subjects aged 45–65 years with unilateral elbow pain on,in Chennai city.Methods:Patient received conservative care in the Physiotherapy Department from January 2022 to April 2022.This study compares the pre-and posttypes.Tennis Elbow Evaluation(Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation,PRTEE)questionnaires,a patient-specific functional scale,and grip strength tests were used in the study.Results from the study's treatment HSR group and treatment CE group are contrasted.Results:After 12 weeks of therapy,investigators reassessed grip strength,PRTEE scores,and functional scale responses.In the posttest results of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation survey,there is a statistically significant difference between Group HSR and Group CE(p<0.001).The posttest outcomes from the patient-specific activity scoring scheme questionnaire revealed a statistically significant disparity between Groups HSR and CE(p<0.001).The mean values for both groups exhibited a noteworthy change,with Team HSR demonstrating higher values in contrast to the control treatment.Conclusion:HSR exercise demonstrates superior effectiveness over CEs for lateral epicondylitis(LE)management,emphasizing its significance in treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42104001)。
文摘Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter SSE, occurring in a similar area, lasted approximately 2 years with M_(w) ~7.2 and an average slip rate of ~91 mm/year. To test whether these SSEs triggered earthquakes near the slow slip area, we calculated the Coulomb stressing rate changes on receiver faults by using two fault geometry definitions: nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions of past earthquakes, and optimally oriented fault planes. Regions in the shallow slab(30–60 km) that experienced a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate due to slip by the SSEs showed an increase in seismicity rates during SSE periods. No correlation was found in the volumes that underwent a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate during the SSE within the crust and the intermediate slab. We modeled variations in seismicity rates by using a combination of the Coulomb stress transfer model and the framework of rate-and-state friction. Our model indicated that the SSEs increased the Coulomb stress changes on adjacent faults,thereby increasing the seismicity rates even though the ratio of the SSE stressing rate to the background stressing rate was small. Each long-term SSE in Alaska brought the megathrust updip of the SSE areas closer to failure by up to 0.1–0.15 MPa. The volumes of significant Coulomb stress changes caused by the Upper and Lower Cook Inlet SSEs did not overlap.
基金supported by the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS21211087).
文摘This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay bandwidth product(NDBP)and low group velocity dispersion(GVD).We simulate,analyze,and optimize the structural parameters of this slow-light waveguide using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,theoretically achieving a maximum group index of 3.7,maximum bandwidth of 15.6 nm,and maximum NDBP of 0.4416 for slow-light effect.The resonant ring-modified PhC slow-light waveguide designed in this paper exhibits GVD lower than the order of 10^(−20)s^(2)/m over a normalized frequency range from 0.3554 to 0.4175.This study is expected to provide theoretical references for the study of slow-light buffering devices based on PhCs with high NDBP values.
基金funded by the National Research Developm ent and Innovation Office (NKFIH-K1468 73) (to BP)。
文摘Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocytic contribution) as ischemic currents and spreading depolarization also have a well-known pathophysiological role in worsening consequences of stroke,traumatic brain injury,or epilepsy.One might assume that slow inward currents occurring with low frequency under physiological conditions might contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory formation.However,to state this,more experimental evidence from greater neuronal networks or the level of the individual is needed.In this review,I aimed to summarize findings on slow inward currents and to speculate on the potential functions of it.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101795,32301782)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201-01)+2 种基金Liaoning Provincial Major Special Project of Agricultural Science and Technology(2022JH1/10200002,2021JH1/10400038)Key Research and Development Plan of Liaoning Science and Technology Department(2021JH2/1020027)Shenyang Seed Industry Innovation Project(22-318-2-12).
文摘Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374302)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQMSX0872).
文摘Topological slow light and rainbow trapping tend to rely on large-scale interface structure in previous research work,which have restricted further miniaturization.In this work,we propose a method to realize slow light and rainbow trapping at the zigzag edge of a single valley photonic crystals(VPCs)bounded by air,which is very different from previous studies where rainbow trapping is supported at the interface separating two VPCs with inversion symmetry.By constructing the VPC–air boundaries and VPC–VPC interfaces experimentally,we have observed the topologically protected rainbow trapping simultaneously at the external and internal boundary.This work provides a feasible platform for the miniaturized optical communication devices such as optical buffers,optical storage and optical routing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21671029)Innovation andEntrepreneurship Team of Inorganic Optoelectronic Functional Materials for Chongqing Yingcai(cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0131)+3 种基金MajorProject of the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(KJZD-M202100501)theInnovation Program for Chongqing’s Overseas Returnees(cx2019037)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0380)Chongqing Normal University(21XLB034)。
文摘Lanthanide complex-based materials with magnetic and luminescent properties have received a great deal of attention,owing to their importantly potential applications in diverse fields.In this work,the 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid(9-Haca)as bridging ligand was applied in combination with optically activeπ-conjugated 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(tptz)to construct a series of new di-nuclear and tetranuclear lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]·0.25H_(2)O(1),[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5AQ·CH_(3)COOH_(2)H_(2)O[Ln=Sm(2a),Eu(2b),Gd(2c),Tb(2d),Dy(2e),Tm(2f);AQ=9,10-anthracenedione]and[Ln_(4)(9-aca)_(10)(tptz)_(2)(CH3COO)2]·H_(2)O[Ln=Eu(3a),Gd(3b),Dy(3c)].1 displays a di-nuclear centrosymmetric moiety[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]built up from two complex[La(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)]groups bridged by one H_(2)O molecule and two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,while 2a-2f are isostructural and co mprise another di-nuclear centrosymmetric moieties[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]based on two complex[Ln(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)(H_(2)O)]groups connected by two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,3a-3c are isostructural and show tetra-nuclear centro symmetric moieties[Ln4(9-aca)10(tptz)2(CH3COO)2]containing three types of coordination modes of 9-aca-ligands.The present compounds offer the only examples of lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates decorated by optically active tptz.Magnetic investigations of 2a,2c-2f,and 3b-3c indicate that 3c is typical of slow relaxation of the magnetization,while 2c and 3b show significant magnetocaloric effect(MCE)with the value of-ΔSm of 5.26 J/(kg·K)at 4 K and 15.65 J/(kg·K)at 2 K(ΔH=7 T),respectively.The luminescent properties were also studied and reveal that the characteristic luminescent properties of the 7r-conjugated aromatic ligands are introduced into magnetic lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates,simultaneously exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation(or MCE)and luminescent properties.
基金the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFE0304100)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0400600,2016YFA0400601,2016YFA0400602,and 2019YFE0302004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11805273 and 11905220)。
文摘This paper uses the implicit Monte–Carlo full-orbit-following parallel program ISSDE to calculate the prompt loss and slowing down process of neutral beam injection(NBI)-generated fast ions due to Coulomb collisions in the equilibrium configuration of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This program is based on the weak equivalence of the Fokker–Planck equation under Rosenbluth Mac Donald Judd(RMJ)potential and Stratonovich stochastic differential equation(SDE).The prompt loss with the LCFS boundary and the first wall(FW)boundary of the two co-current neutral injection beams are studied.Simulation results indicate that the loss behavior of fast ions using the FW boundary is very different from that of the LCFS boundary,especially for fast ions with a large gyration radius.According to our calculations,about 5.11%of fast ions generated by perpendicular injection drift out of the LCFS and then return inside the LCFS to be captured by the magnetic field.The prompt loss ratio of fast ions and the ratio of orbital types depend on the initial distribution of fast ions in the Pζ–Λspace.Under the effect of Coulomb collisions,the pitch-angle scattering and stochastic diffusion happens,which will cause more fast ion loss.For short time scales,among the particles lost due to collisions,the fraction of banana ions reaches 92.31%in the perpendicular beam and 58.65%in the tangential beam when the fraction of banana ions in the tangential beam is 3.4%of the total ions,which means that the effect of Coulomb collisions on banana fast ions is more significant.For long time scales,the additional fast ion loss caused by Coulomb collisions of tangential and perpendicular beams accounted for 16.21%and 25.05%of the total particles,respectively.We have also investigated the slowing down process of NBI fast ions.
文摘There are numerous published theories that cover the different biological processes relating to ageing. No one seems to have integrated such complex and seemingly unrelated information into a holistic framework that explains in simple terms the key aspects of ageing and provides a set of daily practices for staying young and healthy. An atiempt is made here to select a 6-dimensional framework symbolized by heart, mind, passion, focus, body and health, and correlate it to the mental, emotional, physical and health aspects of ageing. Based on grounded theory, this paper empirically correlates 30 practical methods that can be used to develop all six dimensions, with 18 key factors that were found to infl uence ageing: Neurogenesis;Epigenetic reprogramming;Removing dying cells;Mitochondria resuscitation;Calorie restriction;Plant-based diet;Regular physical activity;Chi Kung (Qigong);Overcoming anxiety, depression and stress;Positive mind-set;Some worrying;Vitamins and minerals;L-Theanine;Omega-3 and healthy fats;Coenzyme Q-10;Pyrroloquinoline quinone;Nitric oxide;Choline. In this study, 26 references were used to establish that all 18 of these seemingly unrelated key anti-ageing factors can be developed using 30 daily practices derived from the 6-dimensional framework. These simple daily prac-tices can help people of all ages to stay young and healthy, and help older people who are living alone to self-improve their quality of life without needing anyone to look atier them. Since many anti-ageing drugs seem to be ineffective, this study provides a holistic new research direction for using modern science and ancient human energy practices combined with wholesome nutrition to slow ageing and age-related illnesses.
基金sponsored by the Earthquake Science Foundation of Xinjiang,China(201105)
文摘We study the critical slowing down phenomenon in deformation and groundwater observations before the Nilka-Gongliu MS6. 0 earthquake on November 1, 2011 and Xinyuan-Hejing M S6. 6 earthquake on June 30,2012. Firstly,we remove the annual variation and tendency change of basic data by means of wavelet transform analysis.Secondly,we calculate the autocorrelation coefficients and variance of the critical slowing down phenomenon. Lastly,we try to verify the critical slowing down phenomenon before an earthquake. The result indicates that there was obvious critical slowing down of the records at different stations before earthquakes.
