BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensiv...BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensive,safe,and ready-touse oral solution that can supplement sodium in such cases.AIM To assess the impact of prophylactic sodium supplementation via ORS on clinical and hospital outcomes in infants and children admitted with pneumonia.METHODS A randomized,interventional controlled trial was conducted on 140 infants and children admitted with pneumonia(70 per group).The primary outcome was hospital length of stay,with secondary outcomes including serum sodium and potassium levels,clinical respiratory scores,modified shock index,and nutritional/inflammatory markers.The hospital length of stay and both the laboratory and clinical parameters of the interventional and control groups were compared.RESULTS The hospital stay was longer in the control group than in the intervention group(P value=0.001;effect size=0.59).Clinical respiratory scores on day 4 were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P value=0.001).Sodium levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the intervention group at discharge(P value=0.002).CONCLUSION Prophylactic oral sodium supplementation through ORS may have a health-promoting effect on infants and children admitted with pneumonia.展开更多
Although soil exhibits excellent mechanical performance,the microstructural changes of biopolymer within soil due to dehydration and rehydration are rarely explored.This study aims to explore xanthan gum soil microstr...Although soil exhibits excellent mechanical performance,the microstructural changes of biopolymer within soil due to dehydration and rehydration are rarely explored.This study aims to explore xanthan gum soil microstructure and strength behavior under different dehydration and rehydration degrees using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and unconfined compressive strength tests.The results showed that the proportion of large-volume biopolymer gel within the sample decreased from 91.91%to 38.28%during dehydration,but increased to 90.44%upon rehydration when sample moisture returned to its original level.The NMR images revealed that biopolymer gel evaporated from outside during the dehydration process,causing the dehydrated biopolymer to shrink and form a high-strength glass,which directly enhanced the soil's macroscopic mechanical properties.Upon rehydration,the biopolymer reabsorbed moisture and gradually expanded,leading to weakened connections between soil particles and a decrease in strength.Therefore,even when the moisture content of soil remained constant during the dehydration and rehydration processes,their unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and failure patterns exhibited significant differences.Both the UCS and NMR signal of biopolymer-treated soil decreased after the first dehydration and rehydration cycle,stabilizing gradually after subsequent cycles.展开更多
Biomaterial will shrink during the drying process. The characteristics of shrinkage and rehydration of fresh peas were studied. Drying curves, shrinkage and rehydration curves of peas without seed coats and whole peas...Biomaterial will shrink during the drying process. The characteristics of shrinkage and rehydration of fresh peas were studied. Drying curves, shrinkage and rehydration curves of peas without seed coats and whole peas were compared. In addition, different volumetric shrinkage coefficients were obtained and discussed. The results show that seed coats resist moisture movement not only from inside to outside but also from outside to inside during different drying conditions. During a seed’s drying process, the drying curve is similar to the shrinkage curve. The higher the heat flux is, the less drying time is needed, and in the meantime, volume would shrink more and more intensively. Dried media will break easily at high heat flux. When we create a drying regime, both drying speed and the quality of dried media should be considered.展开更多
Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in th...Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in the mesophyll cell is important for maintaining membrane potential to regulate K^+transmembrane transport. However, no research to date has investigated the possible relationship between plasma membrane H^+-ATPase and mesophyll K^+retention in tea plants under drought and subsequent rehydration conditions. In our experiment, drought stress inhibited plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities and induced net H^+influx, leading to membrane potential depolarization and inducing a massive K^+efflux in tea plant mesophyll cells. Subsequent rehydration increased plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity and induced net H^+efflux, leading to membrane potential hyperpolarization and thus lowering K^+loss. A first downregulated and then upregulated plasma membrane H^+-ATPase protein expression level was also observed under drought and subsequent rehydration treatment, a finding in agreement with the change of measured plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of mesophyll K^+in tea plants under drought and rehydration is associated with regulation of plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity.展开更多
In view of the prospect of irregular extremes of high and low rainfall due to climate change, the mechanisms underlying plant responses to periods of drought and re-watering need to be understood. Sorghum (Sorghum bic...In view of the prospect of irregular extremes of high and low rainfall due to climate change, the mechanisms underlying plant responses to periods of drought and re-watering need to be understood. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were grown in pots of loess soil at three soil moisture levels to examine the effects of different levels of drought over 10 days and plant responses to re-watering (5 days of rehydration). Photosynthesis-related traits recovered rapidly both in sorghum and maize on re-watering, suggesting that photosynthetic function was not severely damaged after a short drought period, although the values of these traits were dramatically reduced during drought per se. However, the two species differed in the extent to which they recovered from severe stress. In sorghum, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m) returned to control levels after re-watering. However, in maize, these parameters exceeded control levels after re-watering. Both overcompensation and pre-drought limitation were observed. Over a range of growth conditions, close relationships between G_s and root hydraulic conductance (K_r) were observed in pooled data sets. P_n, K_r, and their related characteristics were compared among species and treatments. Our results showed that the recovery of K_r is similar between sorghum and maize, at least after a short time of re-watering, although the two species differ in drought-tolerance capacity. Our results also suggest that sorghum can endure moderate drought by adjusting certain traits, but is still as vulnerable as maize under severe drought stress.展开更多
A rehydration process for freeze-dried human platelets was studied on 1 ml of samples. The effects of prehydration duration, prehydration temperature, an rehydration solution on the recovery rate, mean platelet volume...A rehydration process for freeze-dried human platelets was studied on 1 ml of samples. The effects of prehydration duration, prehydration temperature, an rehydration solution on the recovery rate, mean platelet volume （MPV）, and platelet distribution width （PDW） were investigated. The mass changes during the prehydration process were also studied. Three prehydration durations： 0, 1.5, and 3.5 h, and two rehydration solutions： platelet-poor plasma and phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）, were tested. It was found that： （1） the prehydration was of significance; （2） 1.5 h of prehydration had better effects than 3.5 h of prehydration; （3） as a rehydration solution, the platelet-poor plasma behaved better than the PBS. The impacts of prehydration duration and temperature on the results were studied. There was almost no difference between 35 and 37 ℃. Among all the prehydration durations tested, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, the best result was achieved with the time duration of 15 min. The weights of prehydrated platelets at the end of each test were measured and the water contents were calculated. After 15 min ofprehydration, the water contents in the samples were about （4.8±0.01）% and （5.27±0.29）% （w/w） corresponding to the conditions of 35 and 37 ℃, respectively. These results will be helpful for further studies on the freeze-drying of mammalian cells.展开更多
Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a desiccation tolerant bryophyte and belongs to one of the most important components of the biological soil crusts （BSCs） found in the deserts of Central Asia. Limited information is availab...Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a desiccation tolerant bryophyte and belongs to one of the most important components of the biological soil crusts （BSCs） found in the deserts of Central Asia. Limited information is available on rehydration-responsive proteins in desiccation tolerant plants. As a complement to our previous research analyzing the rehydration transcriptome, we present a parallel quantitative proteomic effort to study rehydration-responsive proteins. Bryophyte gametophores were desiccated （Dry） and rehydrated for 2 h （R2） and 24 h （R24）. Proteins from Dry, R2 and R24 gametophores were labeled by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation （iTRAQ） to determine the relative abundance of rehydration-responsive proteins. A total of 5503 non-redundant protein sequences were identified and 4772 （86.7%） protein sequences were annotated using Gene Ontology （GO） terms and Pfam classifications. Upon rehydration 239 proteins were elevated and 461 proteins were reduced as compared to the desiccated protein sample. Differentially up-regulated proteins were classified into a number of categories including reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, detoxifying enzymes, Late Embryogenesis Abundant （LEA） proteins, heat shock proteins, proteasome components and proteases, and photosynthesis and translation related proteins. Furthermore, the results of the correlation between transcriptome and proteome revealed the discordant changes in the expression between protein and mRNA.展开更多
With the vacuum freeze-drying technology, frozen dumpling wrappers were prepared, to investigate the effects of six kinds of food additives, including modified starch, compound phosphate, maltodextrin, guar gum, disti...With the vacuum freeze-drying technology, frozen dumpling wrappers were prepared, to investigate the effects of six kinds of food additives, including modified starch, compound phosphate, maltodextrin, guar gum, distilled monoglycerides and transglutaminase （TG enzyme）, on the drying rate, rehydration ratio and sense value of the frozen dumpling wrappers. The results showed that, with respective addition of 6% modified starch, O. 1% compound phosphate, 10% maltodextrin, 0.4% guar gum, 0.4% distilled monoglyceride and 0.3% transglutaminase, the drying rate, rehydration ratio and sense value of the frozen dumpling wrappers were the highest.展开更多
Ex-situ cultivation of biological soil crusts （biocrusts） is a promising technology to produce materials that can induce the recovery of biocrusts in the field for the purposes of preventing soil erosion and improvi...Ex-situ cultivation of biological soil crusts （biocrusts） is a promising technology to produce materials that can induce the recovery of biocrusts in the field for the purposes of preventing soil erosion and improving hydrological function in degraded ecosystems. However, the ability of artificially cultivated biocrusts to survive under adverse field conditions, including drought and heat stresses, is still relatively unknown. Mosses can bolster biocrust resistance to the stresses （e.g., drought and heat） and the resistance may be introduced prior to field cultivation. In this study, we subjected the well-developed artificial moss biocrusts （dominant species of Didjmodon vinealis （Brid.） Zand.） that we cultivated in the phytotron to a dehydration-rehydration experiment and also a heat stress experiment and measured the activities of protective enzymes （including peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT）） and the contents of osmoregulatory substances （including soluble proteins and soluble sugars） and malondialdehyde （MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress） in the stem and leaf fragments of mosses. The results showed that, during the dehydration process, the activities of protective enzymes and the contents of osmoregulatory substances and MDA gradually increased with increasing duration of drought stress （over 13 days）. During the rehydration process, values of these parameters decreased rapidly after 1 d of rehydration. The values then showed a gradual decrease for 5 days, approaching to the control levels. Under heat stress （45℃）, the activities of protective enzymes and the content of soluble proteins increased rapidly within 2 h of heat exposure and then decreased gradually with increasing duration of heat exposure. In contrast, the contents of soluble sugars and MDA always increased gradually with increasing duration of heat exposure. This study indicates that artificial moss biocrusts possess a strong drought resistance and this resistance can be enhanced after a gradual dehydration treatment. This study also indicates that artificial moss biocrusts can only resist short-term heat stress （not long-term heat stress）. These findings suggest that short-term heat stress or prolonged drought stress could be used to elevate the resistance of artificial moss biocrusts to adverse conditions prior to field reintroduction.展开更多
Purpose: The safety of oral rehydration therapy before endoscopic screening with respect to vital signs and complications after the screening procedure was assessed in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholang...Purpose: The safety of oral rehydration therapy before endoscopic screening with respect to vital signs and complications after the screening procedure was assessed in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: A total of 107 patients scheduled for ERCP were assigned to either the intravenous drip injection (DIV) group during fasting (56 patients) or ORS group given oral rehydration solution (51 patients) prior to endoscopy. Vital signs after ERCP, including blood pressure and temperature, blood biochemical data and the incidence of post-ERCP complications were compared between the groups. Results: No cases of aspiration pneumonia were detected in either groups. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the DIV group and ORS group in terms of the biochemical data and vital signs after ERCP. The intergroup difference in the development of pancreatitis after ERCP was 2.3% [95% CI: ?5.7, 10.3], which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The safety of oral rehydration therapy was found to be equivalent to that of the customary practice of infusion as a method for managing hydration and replenishing electrolytes in patients receiving ERCP. Oral rehydration therapy may be easily utilized as rehydration therapy prior to endoscopic screening for ERCP and other procedures.展开更多
Though nausea and vomiting are quite common in pregnancy, hyperemesis is found in only 1 - 2 patients per 100. Appropriate oral fluid and electrolyte replacement is the initial treatment regimen for patients with mild...Though nausea and vomiting are quite common in pregnancy, hyperemesis is found in only 1 - 2 patients per 100. Appropriate oral fluid and electrolyte replacement is the initial treatment regimen for patients with mild to moderate emesis to avoid hyperemesis gravidarum defined as dehydration, electrolyte unbalance and ketosis. A newer oral rehydration solution OS-1 therapy may be safe and feasible in the mild to moderate emesis gravidarum population. Physicians are encouraged to use this practice to maintain the amount of water in the body and electrolytes and to improve the patient’s comfort.展开更多
本研究系统探究了不同复水方式对干银耳复水后品质特性及内部水分迁移规律的影响。以干银耳为原料,采用70、100℃热水复水(hot water rehydration,HWR)及70、100℃超声联合热水复水(ultrasound-hot water rehydration,US-HWR)4种方式,...本研究系统探究了不同复水方式对干银耳复水后品质特性及内部水分迁移规律的影响。以干银耳为原料,采用70、100℃热水复水(hot water rehydration,HWR)及70、100℃超声联合热水复水(ultrasound-hot water rehydration,US-HWR)4种方式,分别处理3、4、5 min。通过测定复水比、色泽、质构特性(硬度、黏稠度)、多糖含量及感官评分进行综合品质评价,并利用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术分析复水过程中的水分迁移状态。结果表明,US-HWR能显著提高银耳的吸水率,加速水分迁移,但同时也导致硬度下降、黏稠度升高及多糖溶出损失。综合各项指标,100℃超声联合热水复水3 min(USHWR-100℃3 min)为最优工艺。该条件下,银耳的复水比为12.79±0.78,硬度为(69.36±3.13)g,黏稠度为(0.030±0.002)g·s,感官评分达到最高值(82.50±2.55)。LF-NMR分析显示,复水银耳中的水分主要由T_(2b)、T_(21)、T_(22)和T_(234)个组分构成,且复水时间延长与超声处理均能显著提高银耳内部水分的自由度,促进水分迁移。综上,US-HWR-100℃3 min是一种高效、优质的银耳复水技术,能在最短时间内获得感官与理化品质俱佳的产品,是凉拌银耳预制菜工业化生产的理想复水方式。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensive,safe,and ready-touse oral solution that can supplement sodium in such cases.AIM To assess the impact of prophylactic sodium supplementation via ORS on clinical and hospital outcomes in infants and children admitted with pneumonia.METHODS A randomized,interventional controlled trial was conducted on 140 infants and children admitted with pneumonia(70 per group).The primary outcome was hospital length of stay,with secondary outcomes including serum sodium and potassium levels,clinical respiratory scores,modified shock index,and nutritional/inflammatory markers.The hospital length of stay and both the laboratory and clinical parameters of the interventional and control groups were compared.RESULTS The hospital stay was longer in the control group than in the intervention group(P value=0.001;effect size=0.59).Clinical respiratory scores on day 4 were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P value=0.001).Sodium levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the intervention group at discharge(P value=0.002).CONCLUSION Prophylactic oral sodium supplementation through ORS may have a health-promoting effect on infants and children admitted with pneumonia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102324)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2024AFB686)Open Fund of Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards(Grant No.BNORSG-202102).
文摘Although soil exhibits excellent mechanical performance,the microstructural changes of biopolymer within soil due to dehydration and rehydration are rarely explored.This study aims to explore xanthan gum soil microstructure and strength behavior under different dehydration and rehydration degrees using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and unconfined compressive strength tests.The results showed that the proportion of large-volume biopolymer gel within the sample decreased from 91.91%to 38.28%during dehydration,but increased to 90.44%upon rehydration when sample moisture returned to its original level.The NMR images revealed that biopolymer gel evaporated from outside during the dehydration process,causing the dehydrated biopolymer to shrink and form a high-strength glass,which directly enhanced the soil's macroscopic mechanical properties.Upon rehydration,the biopolymer reabsorbed moisture and gradually expanded,leading to weakened connections between soil particles and a decrease in strength.Therefore,even when the moisture content of soil remained constant during the dehydration and rehydration processes,their unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and failure patterns exhibited significant differences.Both the UCS and NMR signal of biopolymer-treated soil decreased after the first dehydration and rehydration cycle,stabilizing gradually after subsequent cycles.
文摘Biomaterial will shrink during the drying process. The characteristics of shrinkage and rehydration of fresh peas were studied. Drying curves, shrinkage and rehydration curves of peas without seed coats and whole peas were compared. In addition, different volumetric shrinkage coefficients were obtained and discussed. The results show that seed coats resist moisture movement not only from inside to outside but also from outside to inside during different drying conditions. During a seed’s drying process, the drying curve is similar to the shrinkage curve. The higher the heat flux is, the less drying time is needed, and in the meantime, volume would shrink more and more intensively. Dried media will break easily at high heat flux. When we create a drying regime, both drying speed and the quality of dried media should be considered.
基金supported mainly by the Science Foundation for Anhui Province(KJ2017A126)to Xianchen Zhang the Opening Fund of State Key Lab of Tea Plants Biology and Utilization at Anhui Agricultural University(SKLTOF20170112)to Honghong Wu+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11008389)the National Basic Research Program of China(11000206)to Xiaochun Wan
文摘Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in the mesophyll cell is important for maintaining membrane potential to regulate K^+transmembrane transport. However, no research to date has investigated the possible relationship between plasma membrane H^+-ATPase and mesophyll K^+retention in tea plants under drought and subsequent rehydration conditions. In our experiment, drought stress inhibited plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities and induced net H^+influx, leading to membrane potential depolarization and inducing a massive K^+efflux in tea plant mesophyll cells. Subsequent rehydration increased plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity and induced net H^+efflux, leading to membrane potential hyperpolarization and thus lowering K^+loss. A first downregulated and then upregulated plasma membrane H^+-ATPase protein expression level was also observed under drought and subsequent rehydration treatment, a finding in agreement with the change of measured plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of mesophyll K^+in tea plants under drought and rehydration is associated with regulation of plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31500320)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2015BAD22B01)
文摘In view of the prospect of irregular extremes of high and low rainfall due to climate change, the mechanisms underlying plant responses to periods of drought and re-watering need to be understood. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were grown in pots of loess soil at three soil moisture levels to examine the effects of different levels of drought over 10 days and plant responses to re-watering (5 days of rehydration). Photosynthesis-related traits recovered rapidly both in sorghum and maize on re-watering, suggesting that photosynthetic function was not severely damaged after a short drought period, although the values of these traits were dramatically reduced during drought per se. However, the two species differed in the extent to which they recovered from severe stress. In sorghum, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m) returned to control levels after re-watering. However, in maize, these parameters exceeded control levels after re-watering. Both overcompensation and pre-drought limitation were observed. Over a range of growth conditions, close relationships between G_s and root hydraulic conductance (K_r) were observed in pooled data sets. P_n, K_r, and their related characteristics were compared among species and treatments. Our results showed that the recovery of K_r is similar between sorghum and maize, at least after a short time of re-watering, although the two species differ in drought-tolerance capacity. Our results also suggest that sorghum can endure moderate drought by adjusting certain traits, but is still as vulnerable as maize under severe drought stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50606032)the Science Foundation of Health Office of China (No. WKJ2005-2-037)
文摘A rehydration process for freeze-dried human platelets was studied on 1 ml of samples. The effects of prehydration duration, prehydration temperature, an rehydration solution on the recovery rate, mean platelet volume （MPV）, and platelet distribution width （PDW） were investigated. The mass changes during the prehydration process were also studied. Three prehydration durations： 0, 1.5, and 3.5 h, and two rehydration solutions： platelet-poor plasma and phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）, were tested. It was found that： （1） the prehydration was of significance; （2） 1.5 h of prehydration had better effects than 3.5 h of prehydration; （3） as a rehydration solution, the platelet-poor plasma behaved better than the PBS. The impacts of prehydration duration and temperature on the results were studied. There was almost no difference between 35 and 37 ℃. Among all the prehydration durations tested, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, the best result was achieved with the time duration of 15 min. The weights of prehydrated platelets at the end of each test were measured and the water contents were calculated. After 15 min ofprehydration, the water contents in the samples were about （4.8±0.01）% and （5.27±0.29）% （w/w） corresponding to the conditions of 35 and 37 ℃, respectively. These results will be helpful for further studies on the freeze-drying of mammalian cells.
基金supported by the Scientific Service Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (TSS-2015-014-FW-4-3)the National Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Talent Youth Project (U1403302)
文摘Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a desiccation tolerant bryophyte and belongs to one of the most important components of the biological soil crusts （BSCs） found in the deserts of Central Asia. Limited information is available on rehydration-responsive proteins in desiccation tolerant plants. As a complement to our previous research analyzing the rehydration transcriptome, we present a parallel quantitative proteomic effort to study rehydration-responsive proteins. Bryophyte gametophores were desiccated （Dry） and rehydrated for 2 h （R2） and 24 h （R24）. Proteins from Dry, R2 and R24 gametophores were labeled by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation （iTRAQ） to determine the relative abundance of rehydration-responsive proteins. A total of 5503 non-redundant protein sequences were identified and 4772 （86.7%） protein sequences were annotated using Gene Ontology （GO） terms and Pfam classifications. Upon rehydration 239 proteins were elevated and 461 proteins were reduced as compared to the desiccated protein sample. Differentially up-regulated proteins were classified into a number of categories including reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, detoxifying enzymes, Late Embryogenesis Abundant （LEA） proteins, heat shock proteins, proteasome components and proteases, and photosynthesis and translation related proteins. Furthermore, the results of the correlation between transcriptome and proteome revealed the discordant changes in the expression between protein and mRNA.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201410459011)
文摘With the vacuum freeze-drying technology, frozen dumpling wrappers were prepared, to investigate the effects of six kinds of food additives, including modified starch, compound phosphate, maltodextrin, guar gum, distilled monoglycerides and transglutaminase （TG enzyme）, on the drying rate, rehydration ratio and sense value of the frozen dumpling wrappers. The results showed that, with respective addition of 6% modified starch, O. 1% compound phosphate, 10% maltodextrin, 0.4% guar gum, 0.4% distilled monoglyceride and 0.3% transglutaminase, the drying rate, rehydration ratio and sense value of the frozen dumpling wrappers were the highest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41541008,41671276)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2014YQ006)+1 种基金the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2014-91)the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2016-ZJ-943Q)
文摘Ex-situ cultivation of biological soil crusts （biocrusts） is a promising technology to produce materials that can induce the recovery of biocrusts in the field for the purposes of preventing soil erosion and improving hydrological function in degraded ecosystems. However, the ability of artificially cultivated biocrusts to survive under adverse field conditions, including drought and heat stresses, is still relatively unknown. Mosses can bolster biocrust resistance to the stresses （e.g., drought and heat） and the resistance may be introduced prior to field cultivation. In this study, we subjected the well-developed artificial moss biocrusts （dominant species of Didjmodon vinealis （Brid.） Zand.） that we cultivated in the phytotron to a dehydration-rehydration experiment and also a heat stress experiment and measured the activities of protective enzymes （including peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT）） and the contents of osmoregulatory substances （including soluble proteins and soluble sugars） and malondialdehyde （MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress） in the stem and leaf fragments of mosses. The results showed that, during the dehydration process, the activities of protective enzymes and the contents of osmoregulatory substances and MDA gradually increased with increasing duration of drought stress （over 13 days）. During the rehydration process, values of these parameters decreased rapidly after 1 d of rehydration. The values then showed a gradual decrease for 5 days, approaching to the control levels. Under heat stress （45℃）, the activities of protective enzymes and the content of soluble proteins increased rapidly within 2 h of heat exposure and then decreased gradually with increasing duration of heat exposure. In contrast, the contents of soluble sugars and MDA always increased gradually with increasing duration of heat exposure. This study indicates that artificial moss biocrusts possess a strong drought resistance and this resistance can be enhanced after a gradual dehydration treatment. This study also indicates that artificial moss biocrusts can only resist short-term heat stress （not long-term heat stress）. These findings suggest that short-term heat stress or prolonged drought stress could be used to elevate the resistance of artificial moss biocrusts to adverse conditions prior to field reintroduction.
文摘Purpose: The safety of oral rehydration therapy before endoscopic screening with respect to vital signs and complications after the screening procedure was assessed in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: A total of 107 patients scheduled for ERCP were assigned to either the intravenous drip injection (DIV) group during fasting (56 patients) or ORS group given oral rehydration solution (51 patients) prior to endoscopy. Vital signs after ERCP, including blood pressure and temperature, blood biochemical data and the incidence of post-ERCP complications were compared between the groups. Results: No cases of aspiration pneumonia were detected in either groups. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the DIV group and ORS group in terms of the biochemical data and vital signs after ERCP. The intergroup difference in the development of pancreatitis after ERCP was 2.3% [95% CI: ?5.7, 10.3], which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The safety of oral rehydration therapy was found to be equivalent to that of the customary practice of infusion as a method for managing hydration and replenishing electrolytes in patients receiving ERCP. Oral rehydration therapy may be easily utilized as rehydration therapy prior to endoscopic screening for ERCP and other procedures.
文摘Though nausea and vomiting are quite common in pregnancy, hyperemesis is found in only 1 - 2 patients per 100. Appropriate oral fluid and electrolyte replacement is the initial treatment regimen for patients with mild to moderate emesis to avoid hyperemesis gravidarum defined as dehydration, electrolyte unbalance and ketosis. A newer oral rehydration solution OS-1 therapy may be safe and feasible in the mild to moderate emesis gravidarum population. Physicians are encouraged to use this practice to maintain the amount of water in the body and electrolytes and to improve the patient’s comfort.
文摘本研究系统探究了不同复水方式对干银耳复水后品质特性及内部水分迁移规律的影响。以干银耳为原料,采用70、100℃热水复水(hot water rehydration,HWR)及70、100℃超声联合热水复水(ultrasound-hot water rehydration,US-HWR)4种方式,分别处理3、4、5 min。通过测定复水比、色泽、质构特性(硬度、黏稠度)、多糖含量及感官评分进行综合品质评价,并利用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术分析复水过程中的水分迁移状态。结果表明,US-HWR能显著提高银耳的吸水率,加速水分迁移,但同时也导致硬度下降、黏稠度升高及多糖溶出损失。综合各项指标,100℃超声联合热水复水3 min(USHWR-100℃3 min)为最优工艺。该条件下,银耳的复水比为12.79±0.78,硬度为(69.36±3.13)g,黏稠度为(0.030±0.002)g·s,感官评分达到最高值(82.50±2.55)。LF-NMR分析显示,复水银耳中的水分主要由T_(2b)、T_(21)、T_(22)和T_(234)个组分构成,且复水时间延长与超声处理均能显著提高银耳内部水分的自由度,促进水分迁移。综上,US-HWR-100℃3 min是一种高效、优质的银耳复水技术,能在最短时间内获得感官与理化品质俱佳的产品,是凉拌银耳预制菜工业化生产的理想复水方式。
