BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medi...BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.展开更多
Aims: The present study aims to compare the assessment of work ability based on the use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) with another questionnaire base only on the use of WAI’s first item, termed as the “Work Abilit...Aims: The present study aims to compare the assessment of work ability based on the use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) with another questionnaire base only on the use of WAI’s first item, termed as the “Work Ability Score” (WAS). Study design: A cohort of 384 Spanish workers included in a Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 multicenter research was utilized. Place and Duration of Study: This cohort was enlisted in four hospitals (Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid;Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Andalucía;Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid and Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Castilla y León), since 2021 until 2022. Methodology: 384 Spanish workers (176 men and 208 women;aged 20 to 70 years) with Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 were included. Descriptive analysis of primary scores was conducted. Given the non-normal distribution of data, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed. Spearman and Kendall correlations were employed to assess the relationship between WAI and WAS, also used weighted Kappa to estimate the degree agreement between WAI and WAS. Logistic regression models were utilized to study determinants influencing WAI and WAS, categorized as poor or moderate. Results: WAI had an average score of 32.98 (SD = 10.28), whereas WAS had an average of 5.95 (SD = 2.77). Significant differences were observed in both WAI and WAS across the same variables. Strong and statistically significant correlations were evident between WAI and WAS (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001). All the variables used in the logistic regression model (gender, the sector employment, and previous chronic diseases) were statistically significant in both questionnaires. Conclusion: WAS questionnaire could be used as a tool for reliable assessment of work ability among Spanish workers with Post COVID-19 condition or Persistent CO-VID-19.展开更多
随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源...随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源且最大化算力支持是一个重要研究方向.因此,提出一种算力多元化且应用自主可控后量子签名的后量子区块链系统.Dilithium签名方案是美国国家标准研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)所推荐的首选和通用后量子签名标准,其安全性基于power-of-two分圆环上的MLWE和MSIS问题.但是,正如比特币区块链虽然最初采用EC-DSA标准签名算法,却并没有采用美国NIST所规定的椭圆曲线一样,power-of-two分圆环丰富的代数结构为公链所基于的后量子数字签名的长远安全带来较大风险和不确定性.素阶数域是一种代数结构更少、更为保守和安全的后量子格基密码技术路线.采用基于素阶数域的后量子数字签名Dilithium变体:Dilithium-Prime,作为后量子区块链系统的签名算法以提供高置信度的交易签署后量子安全.为了提供多元化的算力以最大化后量子公链的算力支持,并解决目前矿池和矿工收入不断减少的困境,引入一种基于多父链辅助工作量证明共识机制,可以请求所有采用Sha256和Scrypt哈希计算的算力来辅助共识而不额外增加现有矿工和矿池的工作量,在增加了后量子区块链的算力来源的同时也提高了现有矿池和矿工的算力利用率.同时,提出适配这种多父链辅助工作量共识机制的区块和交易结构和难度调整算法,针对不同量级的算力,稳定出块比例和出块时间,并可有效应对算力突增、突减等极端情况攻击以保持系统的健壮性.展开更多
基金partially supported through the Johns Hopkins-Pakistan International Collaborative Trauma and Injury Research Training program(grant number 2D43-TW007-292)from the Fogarty International Center of the United States,National Institutes of Healthpartially supported from department of Community Health Sciences,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan
文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.
文摘Aims: The present study aims to compare the assessment of work ability based on the use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) with another questionnaire base only on the use of WAI’s first item, termed as the “Work Ability Score” (WAS). Study design: A cohort of 384 Spanish workers included in a Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 multicenter research was utilized. Place and Duration of Study: This cohort was enlisted in four hospitals (Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid;Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Andalucía;Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid and Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Castilla y León), since 2021 until 2022. Methodology: 384 Spanish workers (176 men and 208 women;aged 20 to 70 years) with Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 were included. Descriptive analysis of primary scores was conducted. Given the non-normal distribution of data, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed. Spearman and Kendall correlations were employed to assess the relationship between WAI and WAS, also used weighted Kappa to estimate the degree agreement between WAI and WAS. Logistic regression models were utilized to study determinants influencing WAI and WAS, categorized as poor or moderate. Results: WAI had an average score of 32.98 (SD = 10.28), whereas WAS had an average of 5.95 (SD = 2.77). Significant differences were observed in both WAI and WAS across the same variables. Strong and statistically significant correlations were evident between WAI and WAS (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001). All the variables used in the logistic regression model (gender, the sector employment, and previous chronic diseases) were statistically significant in both questionnaires. Conclusion: WAS questionnaire could be used as a tool for reliable assessment of work ability among Spanish workers with Post COVID-19 condition or Persistent CO-VID-19.
文摘随着量子计算机的发展,对于以传统椭圆曲线数字签名为基石的公链会造成颠覆性安全问题,常见解决方案是将后量子数字签名算法应用到区块链系统中.对于采用工作量证明共识机制的区块链公链,支持算力也是公链安全的重要基石,如何节省能源且最大化算力支持是一个重要研究方向.因此,提出一种算力多元化且应用自主可控后量子签名的后量子区块链系统.Dilithium签名方案是美国国家标准研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)所推荐的首选和通用后量子签名标准,其安全性基于power-of-two分圆环上的MLWE和MSIS问题.但是,正如比特币区块链虽然最初采用EC-DSA标准签名算法,却并没有采用美国NIST所规定的椭圆曲线一样,power-of-two分圆环丰富的代数结构为公链所基于的后量子数字签名的长远安全带来较大风险和不确定性.素阶数域是一种代数结构更少、更为保守和安全的后量子格基密码技术路线.采用基于素阶数域的后量子数字签名Dilithium变体:Dilithium-Prime,作为后量子区块链系统的签名算法以提供高置信度的交易签署后量子安全.为了提供多元化的算力以最大化后量子公链的算力支持,并解决目前矿池和矿工收入不断减少的困境,引入一种基于多父链辅助工作量证明共识机制,可以请求所有采用Sha256和Scrypt哈希计算的算力来辅助共识而不额外增加现有矿工和矿池的工作量,在增加了后量子区块链的算力来源的同时也提高了现有矿池和矿工的算力利用率.同时,提出适配这种多父链辅助工作量共识机制的区块和交易结构和难度调整算法,针对不同量级的算力,稳定出块比例和出块时间,并可有效应对算力突增、突减等极端情况攻击以保持系统的健壮性.
