Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamin...Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamine（METH） dependence, which is detrimental to human health. Thus, we investigated the behavioral adjustment performance following error commission in long-term METH addicts and how it varied with the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（DLPFC）. Twenty-nine male long-term METH addicts（for [ 3 years） were randomly assigned to high-frequency（10 Hz, n = 15） or sham（n = 14） r TMS of the left DLPFC during a two-choice oddball task. Twenty-six age-matched, healthy male adults participated in the two-choice oddball task pretest to establish normal performance for comparison. The results showed that 10 Hz r TMS over the left DLPFC significantly decreased the post-error slowing effect in response times of METH addicts. In addition, the 10 Hz r TMS intervention remarkably reduced the reaction times during post-error trials but not post-correct trials. While the 10 Hz r TMS group showed a more pronounced post-error slowing effect than the healthy participants during the pretest, the posterror slowing effect in the posttest of this sample was similar to that in the healthy participants. These results suggest that high-frequency r TMS over the left DLPFC is a useful protocol for the improvement of behavioral adjustment after error commission in long-term METH addicts.展开更多
Analyzes the three-phases——pre-task, task cycle, post-task and their rationale in task-based language teaching, designs corresponding teaching activities after adapting one text from New Horizon College English, so ...Analyzes the three-phases——pre-task, task cycle, post-task and their rationale in task-based language teaching, designs corresponding teaching activities after adapting one text from New Horizon College English, so that college English teachers can better understand and use this teaching approach, and then improve the teaching effect and college students’ comprehensive application abilities of language.展开更多
目的分析产科麻醉护士人力资源现况和岗位任务特征,为完善产科麻醉护士岗位管理和队伍建设提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法于2024年1—3月选取全国298家助产机构作为调查对象,采用自行编制的“产科麻醉护士人力资源及岗位管理调查问卷”...目的分析产科麻醉护士人力资源现况和岗位任务特征,为完善产科麻醉护士岗位管理和队伍建设提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法于2024年1—3月选取全国298家助产机构作为调查对象,采用自行编制的“产科麻醉护士人力资源及岗位管理调查问卷”和“产科麻醉护士岗位实践内容调查问卷”进行横断面调查,并对麻醉护士岗位任务进行因子分析和聚类分析。结果全国298家助产机构共有产科麻醉护士507人,年龄主要为30~39岁(50.7%),学历以本科(82.1%)为主,职称以护师和主管护师(84.0%)为主,麻醉护理工作年限多为≤10年(79.5%)。麻醉护士岗位角色以产科麻醉总务护士(47.9%)、产科手术间麻醉护士(44.8%)和产科麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)护士(59.0%)为主。产科麻醉总务护士岗位任务主要分为二类,Ⅰ类为麻醉药品、仪器设备管理和感染控制工作;Ⅱ类为麻醉相关收费。产科手术间麻醉护士岗位分为四类,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类多为手术间常规麻醉护理操作,多由麻醉护士自主执行或在麻醉医师间接监督下执行;Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类多为特殊检验和操作。产科PACU护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类是基础任务,包括剖宫产术后病情观察、转运、健康教育及麻醉后住院随访等;Ⅱ类是进阶任务,包括全麻剖宫产气道管理、术后麻醉及手术并发症识别处理等。麻醉门诊护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类包括术前麻醉评估;Ⅱ类包含合并症孕产妇术前指导、麻醉后并发症识别处理和随访等。疼痛管理麻醉护士岗位分为三类,Ⅰ类是疼痛管理基础操作;Ⅱ类包括疼痛评估、镇痛前准备、并发症识别处理和镇痛效果评价;Ⅲ类为实施不同途径镇痛措施。结论产科麻醉护士的职称和学历结构有待提升,岗位实践内容呈阶梯化功能制特征,有必要进一步完善麻醉护士人力结构配置和工作模式,合理分配岗位任务,优化麻醉护士角色职能,提升其岗位实践效能。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60503054( 国家自然科学基金)the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2002CB312103(国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371042, 31400906 and 31600886)the Key Program of the Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province, China (17AJ90002)
文摘Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamine（METH） dependence, which is detrimental to human health. Thus, we investigated the behavioral adjustment performance following error commission in long-term METH addicts and how it varied with the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（DLPFC）. Twenty-nine male long-term METH addicts（for [ 3 years） were randomly assigned to high-frequency（10 Hz, n = 15） or sham（n = 14） r TMS of the left DLPFC during a two-choice oddball task. Twenty-six age-matched, healthy male adults participated in the two-choice oddball task pretest to establish normal performance for comparison. The results showed that 10 Hz r TMS over the left DLPFC significantly decreased the post-error slowing effect in response times of METH addicts. In addition, the 10 Hz r TMS intervention remarkably reduced the reaction times during post-error trials but not post-correct trials. While the 10 Hz r TMS group showed a more pronounced post-error slowing effect than the healthy participants during the pretest, the posterror slowing effect in the posttest of this sample was similar to that in the healthy participants. These results suggest that high-frequency r TMS over the left DLPFC is a useful protocol for the improvement of behavioral adjustment after error commission in long-term METH addicts.
文摘Analyzes the three-phases——pre-task, task cycle, post-task and their rationale in task-based language teaching, designs corresponding teaching activities after adapting one text from New Horizon College English, so that college English teachers can better understand and use this teaching approach, and then improve the teaching effect and college students’ comprehensive application abilities of language.
文摘目的分析产科麻醉护士人力资源现况和岗位任务特征,为完善产科麻醉护士岗位管理和队伍建设提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法于2024年1—3月选取全国298家助产机构作为调查对象,采用自行编制的“产科麻醉护士人力资源及岗位管理调查问卷”和“产科麻醉护士岗位实践内容调查问卷”进行横断面调查,并对麻醉护士岗位任务进行因子分析和聚类分析。结果全国298家助产机构共有产科麻醉护士507人,年龄主要为30~39岁(50.7%),学历以本科(82.1%)为主,职称以护师和主管护师(84.0%)为主,麻醉护理工作年限多为≤10年(79.5%)。麻醉护士岗位角色以产科麻醉总务护士(47.9%)、产科手术间麻醉护士(44.8%)和产科麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)护士(59.0%)为主。产科麻醉总务护士岗位任务主要分为二类,Ⅰ类为麻醉药品、仪器设备管理和感染控制工作;Ⅱ类为麻醉相关收费。产科手术间麻醉护士岗位分为四类,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类多为手术间常规麻醉护理操作,多由麻醉护士自主执行或在麻醉医师间接监督下执行;Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类多为特殊检验和操作。产科PACU护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类是基础任务,包括剖宫产术后病情观察、转运、健康教育及麻醉后住院随访等;Ⅱ类是进阶任务,包括全麻剖宫产气道管理、术后麻醉及手术并发症识别处理等。麻醉门诊护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类包括术前麻醉评估;Ⅱ类包含合并症孕产妇术前指导、麻醉后并发症识别处理和随访等。疼痛管理麻醉护士岗位分为三类,Ⅰ类是疼痛管理基础操作;Ⅱ类包括疼痛评估、镇痛前准备、并发症识别处理和镇痛效果评价;Ⅲ类为实施不同途径镇痛措施。结论产科麻醉护士的职称和学历结构有待提升,岗位实践内容呈阶梯化功能制特征,有必要进一步完善麻醉护士人力结构配置和工作模式,合理分配岗位任务,优化麻醉护士角色职能,提升其岗位实践效能。
