This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language l...This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language learning,promoting self-esteem,as well as supporting different learning styles and encouraging perseverance in the difficult and confusing process of learning a foreign language.展开更多
Previous research suggests that planning interventions lead to increased goal attainment, while other researchsuggests that goal attainment leads to increased well-being. This research integrates these two sets of res...Previous research suggests that planning interventions lead to increased goal attainment, while other researchsuggests that goal attainment leads to increased well-being. This research integrates these two sets of researchfindings by investigating the effectiveness of one goal planning intervention, the SMART goal program, on goalattainment, and thus need satisfaction and well-being, in university students. An experimental design across aone-week period was employed to test whether participants in the experimental group, who received the SMARTgoal instructions, better obtained their goal in comparison to control group participants who did not receive thosespecific instructions. Findings indicated that the SMART goal program led to greater rated goal attainment andneed satisfaction, but not greater subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless, one component of SWB, positiveaffect, was greater in the Experimental group. Type of individually chosen self-concordant goal content hadno impact on whether participants attained their goal.展开更多
This paper integrates research on positive psychology and effectuation, a concept representative of the entrepreneurial mind. We review the current development of effectuation research and emphasize the importance and...This paper integrates research on positive psychology and effectuation, a concept representative of the entrepreneurial mind. We review the current development of effectuation research and emphasize the importance and uniqueness of each effectuation principle. Drawing on hedonic theory, desire theory, and eudaimonic account, we posit that three positive factors within positive psychology, positive affect, positive evaluation, and positive functioning, when considered collectively, might have significant differential effects on the levels of the four principles of effectuation individuals adopt. We test our hypotheses using survey data from a sample of CEOs in China, and the findings indicate that positive functioning is the only dimension of positive psychology that is positively related to all four effectual logics and could be an indispensable cause of effectuation. Positive affect was found to be negatively related to the affordable loss principle only, and positive evaluation was just negatively related to the lemonade or leveraging-surprise principle. Theoretical and managerial implications of our study are discussed in the end.展开更多
This paper develops two models to investigate the effect of team leader positive affectivity （PA） on team member turnover intention and team organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）, at the individual and team le...This paper develops two models to investigate the effect of team leader positive affectivity （PA） on team member turnover intention and team organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）, at the individual and team levels, respectively. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving a survey of 58 team leaders and 174 team members in a large Chinese telecom company across a three-month period. We found that team members＇ organization-based self-esteem （OBSE） at Time 1 mediates the relationship between team leader PA at Time 1 and team member turnover intention at Time 2, whereas team aggregated OBSE at Time 1 mediates the relationship between leader PA at Time1 and team OCB at Time 2.展开更多
Objectives:Recent research has shown that college students experience high levels of stress from various sources,which contribute to heightened rates of psychological distress and make them particularly vulnerable to ...Objectives:Recent research has shown that college students experience high levels of stress from various sources,which contribute to heightened rates of psychological distress and make them particularly vulnerable to mental health issues.Hence,we conducted a study,aimed to analyze the influence of a mobile-based walking routine on mental health outcomes,such as perceived stress and positive and negative affect.Methods:The participants were divided into two groups:the walking group(N=23)and the control group(N=24).The walking group engaged in an approximately 25-min walking session for at least 3 days per week,which was carefully monitored and facilitated with the help of the Nike Run Club application.The statistical analysis of the quantitative data was carried out with the help of SPSS 25.0.In addition to calculating descriptive statistics,we conducted an independent samples t-test,a repeated-measures ANOVA,and a paired sample t-test to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention.Results:A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the walking group exhibited significant reductions in perceived stress(t=2.03,p=0.049,Cohen’s D=0.60)and negative affect(t=2.19,p=0.033,Cohen’s D=0.65)after the intervention,whereas the control group showed no significant changes across time in any of the proposed variables.Conclusion:The results of the study continue to be indicative of the positive effects of regular walking on perceived stress and negative affect,preserving its role as a straightforward and accessible tool for reducing stress and negative affect.展开更多
This study examined the association between participation in community organizations and life satisfaction,and relevant mediating and moderating mechanisms among retirees.Positive and negative affect were considered a...This study examined the association between participation in community organizations and life satisfaction,and relevant mediating and moderating mechanisms among retirees.Positive and negative affect were considered as mediating variables,and family relation as a moderating variable.A total of 1132 community-dwelling retirees aged 50 years or more were investigated.A self-developed questionnaire with five items measured the level of organizational participation(OP)based on residential community.The Satisfaction with Life scale(SWLS),the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS),and Family Cohesion sub-scale of Family Environment Scale(FES)were used to assess life satisfaction,positive and negative affect,and family relation,respectively.Mplus was used to conduct mediating and moderating analyses after controlling for six demographic and socioeconomic factors.First,the results indicated that OP was positively associated with life satisfaction.Second,positive and negative affect partly mediated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction.Third,family relation negatively moderated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction;that is,compared with those retirees with good family relation,the beneficial role of OP in enhancing one’s satisfaction was more significant for those retirees with poor family relation;furthermore,family relation also moderated the links of OP-negative affect.These findings suggested that OP related to life satisfaction of retirees through mediating roles of positive and negative affect,and family relation partly moderated the above direct and indirect processes.In a word,OP based on residential community had a positive role in buffering adverse influence of poor family relation.展开更多
Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time.Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity r...Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time.Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed.Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events,we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead.The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories,regardless of whether these events are special,such as vacation memories,or more mundane,such as memories of the past weekend.展开更多
Previous studies indicate that emotion regulation may occur unconsciously, without the cost of cognitive effort, while conscious acceptance may enhance negative experiences despite having potential long-term health be...Previous studies indicate that emotion regulation may occur unconsciously, without the cost of cognitive effort, while conscious acceptance may enhance negative experiences despite having potential long-term health benefits. Thus, it is important to overcome this weakness to boost the efficacy of the acceptance strategy in negative emotion regulation. As unconscious regulation occurs with little cost of cognitive resources, the current study hypothesizes that unconscious acceptance regulates the emotional consequence of negative events more effectively than does conscious acceptance. Subjects were randomly assigned to conscious acceptance, unconscious acceptance and no-regulation conditions. A frustrating arithmetic task was used to induce negative emotion. Emotional experiences were assessed on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale while emotion-related physiological activation was assessed by heart-rate reactivity. Results showed that conscious acceptance had a significant negative affective consequence, which was absent during unconscious acceptance. That is, unconscious acceptance was linked with little reduction of positive affect during the experience of frustration, while this reduction was prominent in the control and conscious acceptance groups. Instructed, conscious acceptance resulted in a greater reduction of positive affect than found for the control group. In addition, both conscious and unconscious acceptance strategies significantly decreased emotion-related heart-rate activity(to a similar extent) in comparison with the control condition. Moreover, heart-rate reactivity was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect during the frustration phase relative to the baseline phase, in both the control and unconscious acceptance groups. Thus, unconscious acceptance not only reduces emotion-related physiological activity but also better protects mood stability compared with conscious acceptance. This suggests that the clinical practice of acceptance therapy may need to consider using the unconscious priming of an accepting attitude, instead of intentionally instructing people to implement such a strategy, to boost the efficacy of acceptance in emotion regulation.展开更多
The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014....The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014.SWB is measured by life satisfaction,positive affect and negative affect.We found that positive affect,negative affect,life satisfaction and the change of life satisfaction significantly have predicted mortality risks of the older people with control of social demographic characteristics,physical health,social support,cognitive ability,and social participation.The higher the positive affect,the lower the negative affect,the improvement the life satisfaction,the lower the mortality risk.Marital status plays a decisive role in the influence of life satisfaction on the mortality risk.The married persons have lower mortality risk even if they rate their life bad.In further analyses,we found that the effects of SWB on mortality risk were underestimated in short-term study compared with those in long-term study.SWB is essentially a time-dependent variable and changes with age,so treating SWB as time-independent variable underestimated its impact on mortality risk.展开更多
The existing scales for measuring balanced time perspective(BTP)have limitations,such as poor-fitting structures or a complex calculation method.Based on previous studies,we conceptualize BTP as an individual's ov...The existing scales for measuring balanced time perspective(BTP)have limitations,such as poor-fitting structures or a complex calculation method.Based on previous studies,we conceptualize BTP as an individual's overall positive outlook on the past and future and mindfully living in the present.The present study aimed to develop the Time Perspective Inventory(TPI)for Chinese adults,determine its psychometric properties,and examine a simple calculation method for generating a score to represent BTP.In study 1,a 7-factor structure of TPI–Past Positive,Past Negative,Mindful Present,Present Hedonistic,Present Excessively Task-oriented,Future Positive,and Future Negative–was established through exploratory(sample 1,N=529)and confirmatory(sample 2,N=577)factor analyses.Findings supported the internal consistency,test–retest reliability,and criterion-related validity of the TPI.We proposed using the score difference between positive time perspectives and negative time perspectives to calculate the BTP.Findings showed that the correlations between BTP and subjective well-being indicators and anxiety were higher than among individual dimensions of TPI.Study 2(sample 3,N=713)compared the effects of the TPI and the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI-C)on well-being indicators and anxiety.Results indicated that the variance of life satisfaction,positive affect,negative affect,and anxiety explained by BTP measured with TPI was higher than deviation from BTP(DBTP)measured with ZTPI-C.Together,the TPI yields reliable and valid BTP scores among Chinese adults.展开更多
The empty nest is a phase of life that most parents will experience when their children grow up and leave home.However,little attention has been given to changes that take place in empty nesters’daily patterns of int...The empty nest is a phase of life that most parents will experience when their children grow up and leave home.However,little attention has been given to changes that take place in empty nesters’daily patterns of interaction.This study aimed to examine the differences between empty nesters and non-empty nesters in relation to their daily interactions and the affect of various social partners.A total of 208 participants were recruited via convenience sampling;they were asked to record their daily interactions using the Rochester Interaction Record and to rate their affect after each interaction using the Positive Affect–Negative Affect Scale.The results showed that daily interactions were related to a higher increase of positive affect in empty nesters than in non-empty nesters when interactions were with adult children.In contrast,daily interactions of non-empty nesters were related to a higher decrease in negative affect when the interactions were with friends,neighbors,and strangers.These findings indicate that the patterns of daily interactions differ between empty nesters and non-empty nesters.Specifically,the daily interactions of empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher increase in positive affect,whereas the daily interactions of non-empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher decrease in negative affect.This study showed the differences in daily interaction patterns between empty and non-empty nesters across diverse social partners.The findings on the daily interaction patterns have some implications for older adults:(1)empty nesters can improve daily interaction with adult children,relatives,and colleagues for a higher positive affect;(2)non-empty nesters can improve daily interactions with friends,neighbors,and strangers to relieve their negative affect.展开更多
文摘This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language learning,promoting self-esteem,as well as supporting different learning styles and encouraging perseverance in the difficult and confusing process of learning a foreign language.
文摘Previous research suggests that planning interventions lead to increased goal attainment, while other researchsuggests that goal attainment leads to increased well-being. This research integrates these two sets of researchfindings by investigating the effectiveness of one goal planning intervention, the SMART goal program, on goalattainment, and thus need satisfaction and well-being, in university students. An experimental design across aone-week period was employed to test whether participants in the experimental group, who received the SMARTgoal instructions, better obtained their goal in comparison to control group participants who did not receive thosespecific instructions. Findings indicated that the SMART goal program led to greater rated goal attainment andneed satisfaction, but not greater subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless, one component of SWB, positiveaffect, was greater in the Experimental group. Type of individually chosen self-concordant goal content hadno impact on whether participants attained their goal.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council Award 201406980004.
文摘This paper integrates research on positive psychology and effectuation, a concept representative of the entrepreneurial mind. We review the current development of effectuation research and emphasize the importance and uniqueness of each effectuation principle. Drawing on hedonic theory, desire theory, and eudaimonic account, we posit that three positive factors within positive psychology, positive affect, positive evaluation, and positive functioning, when considered collectively, might have significant differential effects on the levels of the four principles of effectuation individuals adopt. We test our hypotheses using survey data from a sample of CEOs in China, and the findings indicate that positive functioning is the only dimension of positive psychology that is positively related to all four effectual logics and could be an indispensable cause of effectuation. Positive affect was found to be negatively related to the affordable loss principle only, and positive evaluation was just negatively related to the lemonade or leveraging-surprise principle. Theoretical and managerial implications of our study are discussed in the end.
文摘This paper develops two models to investigate the effect of team leader positive affectivity （PA） on team member turnover intention and team organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）, at the individual and team levels, respectively. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving a survey of 58 team leaders and 174 team members in a large Chinese telecom company across a three-month period. We found that team members＇ organization-based self-esteem （OBSE） at Time 1 mediates the relationship between team leader PA at Time 1 and team member turnover intention at Time 2, whereas team aggregated OBSE at Time 1 mediates the relationship between leader PA at Time1 and team OCB at Time 2.
基金supported by the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF)&funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(NRF-2021M3A9E4080780)Hankuk University of Foreign Studies(2024).
文摘Objectives:Recent research has shown that college students experience high levels of stress from various sources,which contribute to heightened rates of psychological distress and make them particularly vulnerable to mental health issues.Hence,we conducted a study,aimed to analyze the influence of a mobile-based walking routine on mental health outcomes,such as perceived stress and positive and negative affect.Methods:The participants were divided into two groups:the walking group(N=23)and the control group(N=24).The walking group engaged in an approximately 25-min walking session for at least 3 days per week,which was carefully monitored and facilitated with the help of the Nike Run Club application.The statistical analysis of the quantitative data was carried out with the help of SPSS 25.0.In addition to calculating descriptive statistics,we conducted an independent samples t-test,a repeated-measures ANOVA,and a paired sample t-test to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention.Results:A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the walking group exhibited significant reductions in perceived stress(t=2.03,p=0.049,Cohen’s D=0.60)and negative affect(t=2.19,p=0.033,Cohen’s D=0.65)after the intervention,whereas the control group showed no significant changes across time in any of the proposed variables.Conclusion:The results of the study continue to be indicative of the positive effects of regular walking on perceived stress and negative affect,preserving its role as a straightforward and accessible tool for reducing stress and negative affect.
基金Independent Deployment Foundation of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:E0CX083008National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:71273255,71774157。
文摘This study examined the association between participation in community organizations and life satisfaction,and relevant mediating and moderating mechanisms among retirees.Positive and negative affect were considered as mediating variables,and family relation as a moderating variable.A total of 1132 community-dwelling retirees aged 50 years or more were investigated.A self-developed questionnaire with five items measured the level of organizational participation(OP)based on residential community.The Satisfaction with Life scale(SWLS),the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS),and Family Cohesion sub-scale of Family Environment Scale(FES)were used to assess life satisfaction,positive and negative affect,and family relation,respectively.Mplus was used to conduct mediating and moderating analyses after controlling for six demographic and socioeconomic factors.First,the results indicated that OP was positively associated with life satisfaction.Second,positive and negative affect partly mediated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction.Third,family relation negatively moderated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction;that is,compared with those retirees with good family relation,the beneficial role of OP in enhancing one’s satisfaction was more significant for those retirees with poor family relation;furthermore,family relation also moderated the links of OP-negative affect.These findings suggested that OP related to life satisfaction of retirees through mediating roles of positive and negative affect,and family relation partly moderated the above direct and indirect processes.In a word,OP based on residential community had a positive role in buffering adverse influence of poor family relation.
文摘Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time.Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed.Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events,we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead.The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories,regardless of whether these events are special,such as vacation memories,or more mundane,such as memories of the past weekend.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170989,31371042,31400906)the Special Grant for Postdoctoral Research in Chongqing(Xm2014059)
文摘Previous studies indicate that emotion regulation may occur unconsciously, without the cost of cognitive effort, while conscious acceptance may enhance negative experiences despite having potential long-term health benefits. Thus, it is important to overcome this weakness to boost the efficacy of the acceptance strategy in negative emotion regulation. As unconscious regulation occurs with little cost of cognitive resources, the current study hypothesizes that unconscious acceptance regulates the emotional consequence of negative events more effectively than does conscious acceptance. Subjects were randomly assigned to conscious acceptance, unconscious acceptance and no-regulation conditions. A frustrating arithmetic task was used to induce negative emotion. Emotional experiences were assessed on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale while emotion-related physiological activation was assessed by heart-rate reactivity. Results showed that conscious acceptance had a significant negative affective consequence, which was absent during unconscious acceptance. That is, unconscious acceptance was linked with little reduction of positive affect during the experience of frustration, while this reduction was prominent in the control and conscious acceptance groups. Instructed, conscious acceptance resulted in a greater reduction of positive affect than found for the control group. In addition, both conscious and unconscious acceptance strategies significantly decreased emotion-related heart-rate activity(to a similar extent) in comparison with the control condition. Moreover, heart-rate reactivity was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect during the frustration phase relative to the baseline phase, in both the control and unconscious acceptance groups. Thus, unconscious acceptance not only reduces emotion-related physiological activity but also better protects mood stability compared with conscious acceptance. This suggests that the clinical practice of acceptance therapy may need to consider using the unconscious priming of an accepting attitude, instead of intentionally instructing people to implement such a strategy, to boost the efficacy of acceptance in emotion regulation.
文摘The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014.SWB is measured by life satisfaction,positive affect and negative affect.We found that positive affect,negative affect,life satisfaction and the change of life satisfaction significantly have predicted mortality risks of the older people with control of social demographic characteristics,physical health,social support,cognitive ability,and social participation.The higher the positive affect,the lower the negative affect,the improvement the life satisfaction,the lower the mortality risk.Marital status plays a decisive role in the influence of life satisfaction on the mortality risk.The married persons have lower mortality risk even if they rate their life bad.In further analyses,we found that the effects of SWB on mortality risk were underestimated in short-term study compared with those in long-term study.SWB is essentially a time-dependent variable and changes with age,so treating SWB as time-independent variable underestimated its impact on mortality risk.
基金Henan Province Education Science Planning SpecialTopic,Grant/Award Number:2023JZX026Major Program of National Social Science Fund of China,Grant/Award Number:22&ZD184+2 种基金Chongqing Education Science 14th Five-Year Plan Key Project,Grant/Award Number:2021-GX-003Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M741025Key projectof Chongqing Social science Planning Fund,Grant/Award Number:2021NDZD09。
文摘The existing scales for measuring balanced time perspective(BTP)have limitations,such as poor-fitting structures or a complex calculation method.Based on previous studies,we conceptualize BTP as an individual's overall positive outlook on the past and future and mindfully living in the present.The present study aimed to develop the Time Perspective Inventory(TPI)for Chinese adults,determine its psychometric properties,and examine a simple calculation method for generating a score to represent BTP.In study 1,a 7-factor structure of TPI–Past Positive,Past Negative,Mindful Present,Present Hedonistic,Present Excessively Task-oriented,Future Positive,and Future Negative–was established through exploratory(sample 1,N=529)and confirmatory(sample 2,N=577)factor analyses.Findings supported the internal consistency,test–retest reliability,and criterion-related validity of the TPI.We proposed using the score difference between positive time perspectives and negative time perspectives to calculate the BTP.Findings showed that the correlations between BTP and subjective well-being indicators and anxiety were higher than among individual dimensions of TPI.Study 2(sample 3,N=713)compared the effects of the TPI and the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI-C)on well-being indicators and anxiety.Results indicated that the variance of life satisfaction,positive affect,negative affect,and anxiety explained by BTP measured with TPI was higher than deviation from BTP(DBTP)measured with ZTPI-C.Together,the TPI yields reliable and valid BTP scores among Chinese adults.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022ZYYB22Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:22JJD190010National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:71,77,1027。
文摘The empty nest is a phase of life that most parents will experience when their children grow up and leave home.However,little attention has been given to changes that take place in empty nesters’daily patterns of interaction.This study aimed to examine the differences between empty nesters and non-empty nesters in relation to their daily interactions and the affect of various social partners.A total of 208 participants were recruited via convenience sampling;they were asked to record their daily interactions using the Rochester Interaction Record and to rate their affect after each interaction using the Positive Affect–Negative Affect Scale.The results showed that daily interactions were related to a higher increase of positive affect in empty nesters than in non-empty nesters when interactions were with adult children.In contrast,daily interactions of non-empty nesters were related to a higher decrease in negative affect when the interactions were with friends,neighbors,and strangers.These findings indicate that the patterns of daily interactions differ between empty nesters and non-empty nesters.Specifically,the daily interactions of empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher increase in positive affect,whereas the daily interactions of non-empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher decrease in negative affect.This study showed the differences in daily interaction patterns between empty and non-empty nesters across diverse social partners.The findings on the daily interaction patterns have some implications for older adults:(1)empty nesters can improve daily interaction with adult children,relatives,and colleagues for a higher positive affect;(2)non-empty nesters can improve daily interactions with friends,neighbors,and strangers to relieve their negative affect.
