Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four typ...Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four types such as blood, nerve,vesicant,and choking agent.To detect various CWAs,semiconductor thick film sensor array based on tin oxide was fabricated and their gas responses were examined.Operating temperature was range of 250℃to 350℃and gas concentration was range of 0.1μg/g to 10μg/g.Sensor array was measured as operating temperatures,concentrations for four simulant agents of CWAs.Extracted parameters from results were carried out classification among CWAs through the principal component analysis (PCA).Also,classification of gases is studied using adaptive resonance theory (ART) that is one of neural network algorithm.Results displayed using PDA system.展开更多
Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbers...Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbersome instrumentation.This study developed a portable and low-cost lactate measurement system,including independently detectable hardware circuits and user-friendly embedded software,computer,and smartphone applications.The experiment verified that the relative error of the detection current in the device circuit was less than 1%.The electrochemical performance was measured by comparing the[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−)/[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−)solution with the desktop electrochemical workstation CHI660E,and a nearly consistent chronoamperometry(CA)curve was obtained.Two modified lactate sensors were used for CA testing of lactate.Within the concentration range of 0.1 mmol·L^(−1)to 20 mmol·L^(−1),there was a good linear relationship between lactate concentration and steady-state current,with a correlation coefficient(R2)greater than 0.99 and good repeatability,demonstrating the reliability of the developed device.The lactate measurement system developed in this study not only provides excellent detection performance and reliability,but also achieves portability and low cost,providing a new solution for lactate measurement.展开更多
Non-road equipment is one of the key contributing sources to air pollution.Thus,an accurate development of emission inventory from non-road equipment is imperative for air quality management,especially for equipment w...Non-road equipment is one of the key contributing sources to air pollution.Thus,an accurate development of emission inventory from non-road equipment is imperative for air quality management,especially for equipment with a large population such as diesel-fueled forklifts.The objective of this paper is to characterize duty-cycle based emissions from diesel-fueled forklifts using a portable emission measurement system(PEMS).Three dutycycles were defined in this study,including idling,moving,and working(active duty operation)and used to characterize in-use emissions for diesel-fueled forklifts.A total of twelve diesel-fueled forklifts were selected for real-world emission measurements.Results showed that fuel-based emission factors appear to have smaller variability compared to time-based ones.For example,the time-based emission factors for CO,HC,NO,and PM 2.5 for forklifts were estimated to be 16.6-43.9,5.3-15.1,26.2-49.9,5.5-11.1 g/hr with the fuel-based emission factors being 12.1-20.3,4.1-8.3,19.1-32.4,3.5-6.5 g/kg-fuel,respectively.NO emissions appear to be the biggest concern for emissions control.Furthermore,most of the emissions factors estimated from this study are significantly different from those in both National Guideline for Emission Inventory Development for Non-Road Equipment in China and welldeveloped emission factor models such as NONROAD by US EPA.This implies that localized,preferably fuel-based emission factors should be adjusted based on real-world emission measurements in order to develop a representative emission inventory for non-road equipment.展开更多
For a portable structured light system,it must be easy to use and fiexible.So the inconvenient and expensive equipment for calibration such as two or three orthogonal planes or extra fixed equipment should not be cons...For a portable structured light system,it must be easy to use and fiexible.So the inconvenient and expensive equipment for calibration such as two or three orthogonal planes or extra fixed equipment should not be considered.For the purpose of fast 3D acquisition,the projection matrices of a portable structured light system should be estimated.This paper proposes a flexible calibration method to meet the requirements of the portable structured light system through a surface plane.A calibration board is attached to the surface plane,and a reference pattern is also projected by an LCD projector onto the surface plane.The camera observes the surface plane at a few different positions.Then,the world-to-image point pairs for the camera and projector are obtained based on the cross ratio and epipolar geometry,and the system is thus calibrated.The experiments conducted for the proposed calibration method demonstrate its accuracy and robustness.展开更多
The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and p...The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and pH inspection. Localization of the capsule in GI tract with time is a necessary condition for subsequent data analysis and medical diagnosis. It is also a common problem facing all in vivo mobile micro-systems. An approach of segment localization by utilizing some key points along GI tract is proposed. A portable ultrasonic detecting device was designed for this purpose. Experiments under conditions similar to GI tract were carried out and the results proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method and the device.展开更多
Background:Intestinal ultrasound(IUS)is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease(CD).With advancements in technology,portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available,an...Background:Intestinal ultrasound(IUS)is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease(CD).With advancements in technology,portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available,and the inevitable change to their use by non-radiologist clinicians would be a valuable contribution to improving patient care.This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of IUS examination performed by a gastroenterologist with a portable system as an adjunct imaging modality in the routine care of CD patients.Methods:A total of 117 CD patients were assessed by IUS imaging.Pre-and post-IUS clinical-management decisions were recorded.The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in the patients’clinical-management decision following the IUS examination.The diagnostic accuracy was compared against the reference decision reached via a multidisiplinary meeting after the evaluation of all patient-related data.The endoscopic disease activity was determined using the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease(SES-CD).Results:The initial clinical-management decision was changed in 47 patients(40.2%)after the IUS examination(P=0.001).The accuracy of patient-management decisions improved from 63.2%to 90.6%in comparison to reference decisions(P<0.001).After IUS examination,a further 13 cases(11.1%)were identified for urgent surgical/interventional procedures.The accuracy of colonoscopic(SES-CD≥3)assessment was shown to be comparable to that of IUS(94%vs 91%).The sensitivity for disease presence was 95%with colonoscopy and 94%with the IUS assessment.Conclusion:IUS examination with the use of a portable ultrasonography system significantly improves clinicalmanagement decisions.With further supporting data,this practice would possibly become a requirement for CD management.展开更多
Cracks,potholes,and other defects often occur on infrastructure such as bridges,among which cracks are one of the most frequent defects.They have diverse shapes and are difficult to detect.Traditional manual inspectio...Cracks,potholes,and other defects often occur on infrastructure such as bridges,among which cracks are one of the most frequent defects.They have diverse shapes and are difficult to detect.Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient and have low accuracy,while automated inspection machines are bulky and inconvenient to carry and use.Based on the shortcomings of existing detection technologies,this paper proposes a portable structural surface crack detection system based on the Android platform using a portable hand-held image acquisition device.The system captures cracks on the structure's surface and obtains high-definition crack images.Then,these images are transmitted to portable smartphone terminals through Wi-Fi.Next,the image is pre-processed using weighted averaging,grayscale linear transformation,and adaptive median filtering.Then,the improved Canny edge detection algorithm is applied to identify crack information,and the edge segmentation algorithm is used to determine the crack width.Finally,based on camera calibration,the pixels are converted into the length data required for actual measurement.The results show that the system is easy to operate,and it not only has crack storage and tracking functions,but also can effectively measure the crack width on the surface of components.The measurement accuracy of this system reaches the sub-pixel level,and in actual testing,compared with the crack width gauge,the maximum relative error does notexceed6.25%.展开更多
Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic...Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.展开更多
Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the fe...Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.展开更多
The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is...The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.展开更多
Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation sys...Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation systems face challenges such as high equipment costs,complex operation,bulky size,and insufficient anti-interference performance.To address these limitations,our study developed and validated a novel portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system designed to improve the precision,accessibility,and clinical applicability of electromagnetic navigation technology in cranial surgery.Methods The software and hardware architecture of a portable neural magnetic navigation system was designed.The key technologies of the system were analysed,including electromagnetic positioning algorithms,miniaturized sensor design,optimization of electromagnetic positioning and navigation algorithms,anti-interference signal processing methods,and fast three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.A prototype was developed,and its accuracy was tested.Finally,a preliminary clinical application evaluation was conducted.Results This study successfully developed a comprehensive portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system capable of achieving preoperative planning,intraoperative real-time positioning and navigation,and postoperative evaluation of navigation outcomes.Through rigorous collaborative testing of the system’s software and hardware,the accuracy of electromagnetic neuronavigation has been validated to meet clinical requirements.Conclusions This study developed a portable neuroelectromagnetic navigation system and validated its effectiveness and safety through rigorous model testing and preliminary clinical applications.The system is characterized by its compact size,high precision,excellent portability,and user-friendly operation,making it highly valuable for promoting navigation technology and advancing the precision and minimally invasive nature of neurosurgical procedures.展开更多
Nearly 1.03×10~8 t of rice husk per year is extracted from paddy as waste globally. Investigations have been carried out at CNRRI to design a portable rice husk Gasifier-Engine System (GASOGENO) for an effective ...Nearly 1.03×10~8 t of rice husk per year is extracted from paddy as waste globally. Investigations have been carried out at CNRRI to design a portable rice husk Gasifier-Engine System (GASOGENO) for an effective utilization of rice husk as farm energy source. Gasifier with 25 cm diameter based on the design of the University of California at Davis was matched with the Chinese S-195 engine. A mixture device to give air and gas with the ratio of 1.5: 1 was mounted to upstream of engine for the purpose of dual fuel running. Tests were conducted on a hydraulic dynamometer. The gasifier generates a nearly uniform gas flow at the rate of 18 Nm~3/h with lower heating value of 4.02 MJ/Nm~3. One kg rice husk can produce 2.39 Nm~3 gas. The optimal strength for gasification is 195 kg/m~29·h. The transfer efficiency for cold gas is 52.4%. To achieve satisfactory dual fuel engine performance, a slight展开更多
Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers....Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of portable energy devices and sensor technologies,enhancing their catalytic performance,sensing capabilities,and application reliability has become a critical challenge in the fields of mat...With the rapid advancement of portable energy devices and sensor technologies,enhancing their catalytic performance,sensing capabilities,and application reliability has become a critical challenge in the fields of materials and energy science.Single-atom catalysts(SACs),owing to their high atomic utilization,outstanding catalytic activity,and precisely engineered structures enabled by density functional theory and enhanced by artificial intelligence,have shown tremendous potential in advancing portable energy and sensing technologies.While existing reviews predominantly focus on the application of SACs in individual portable devices,systematic discussions on their overall development prospects and challenges within portable energy and sensor fields remain scarce.Therefore,this review comprehensively explores the application potential and recent advancements of SACs in portable zinc-air batteries,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,and sensor technologies.The article highlights the influence of key factors such as material design,structural optimization,and packaging integration on device performance,while also addressing the primary bottlenecks and challenges encountered in current practical applications.Furthermore,it suggests possible future development directions,aiming to offer theoretical insights and engineering guidance for the large-scale deployment of SACs in wearable electronic devices,portable energy systems,and smart sensing technologies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channe...BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.展开更多
The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletio...The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.展开更多
Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant...Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant on traditional laptops and computers, which, while portable, lack true ultra-portability. This paper explores the potential impact of developing a dedicated, ultra-portable, low-cost device for on-the-go penetration testing. Such a device could replicate the core functionalities of advanced penetration testing tools, including those found in Kali Linux, within a compact form factor that fits easily into a pocket. By offering the convenience and portability akin to a smartphone, this innovative device could redefine the way penetration testers operate, enabling them to carry essential tools wherever they go and ensuring they are always prepared to conduct security assessments efficiently. This approach aims to revolutionize penetration testing by merging high functionality with unparalleled portability.展开更多
The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides ide...The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.展开更多
This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is ...This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.展开更多
文摘Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four types such as blood, nerve,vesicant,and choking agent.To detect various CWAs,semiconductor thick film sensor array based on tin oxide was fabricated and their gas responses were examined.Operating temperature was range of 250℃to 350℃and gas concentration was range of 0.1μg/g to 10μg/g.Sensor array was measured as operating temperatures,concentrations for four simulant agents of CWAs.Extracted parameters from results were carried out classification among CWAs through the principal component analysis (PCA).Also,classification of gases is studied using adaptive resonance theory (ART) that is one of neural network algorithm.Results displayed using PDA system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62006092)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2023AH030081)+1 种基金2023 New Era Education Provincial Quality Engineering Project(Graduate Education)(No.2023cxcysj103)2024 New Era Education Provincial Quality Engineering Project(Graduate Education)。
文摘Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbersome instrumentation.This study developed a portable and low-cost lactate measurement system,including independently detectable hardware circuits and user-friendly embedded software,computer,and smartphone applications.The experiment verified that the relative error of the detection current in the device circuit was less than 1%.The electrochemical performance was measured by comparing the[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−)/[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−)solution with the desktop electrochemical workstation CHI660E,and a nearly consistent chronoamperometry(CA)curve was obtained.Two modified lactate sensors were used for CA testing of lactate.Within the concentration range of 0.1 mmol·L^(−1)to 20 mmol·L^(−1),there was a good linear relationship between lactate concentration and steady-state current,with a correlation coefficient(R2)greater than 0.99 and good repeatability,demonstrating the reliability of the developed device.The lactate measurement system developed in this study not only provides excellent detection performance and reliability,but also achieves portability and low cost,providing a new solution for lactate measurement.
文摘Non-road equipment is one of the key contributing sources to air pollution.Thus,an accurate development of emission inventory from non-road equipment is imperative for air quality management,especially for equipment with a large population such as diesel-fueled forklifts.The objective of this paper is to characterize duty-cycle based emissions from diesel-fueled forklifts using a portable emission measurement system(PEMS).Three dutycycles were defined in this study,including idling,moving,and working(active duty operation)and used to characterize in-use emissions for diesel-fueled forklifts.A total of twelve diesel-fueled forklifts were selected for real-world emission measurements.Results showed that fuel-based emission factors appear to have smaller variability compared to time-based ones.For example,the time-based emission factors for CO,HC,NO,and PM 2.5 for forklifts were estimated to be 16.6-43.9,5.3-15.1,26.2-49.9,5.5-11.1 g/hr with the fuel-based emission factors being 12.1-20.3,4.1-8.3,19.1-32.4,3.5-6.5 g/kg-fuel,respectively.NO emissions appear to be the biggest concern for emissions control.Furthermore,most of the emissions factors estimated from this study are significantly different from those in both National Guideline for Emission Inventory Development for Non-Road Equipment in China and welldeveloped emission factor models such as NONROAD by US EPA.This implies that localized,preferably fuel-based emission factors should be adjusted based on real-world emission measurements in order to develop a representative emission inventory for non-road equipment.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006BAK31B04)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2007AA01Z341)
文摘For a portable structured light system,it must be easy to use and fiexible.So the inconvenient and expensive equipment for calibration such as two or three orthogonal planes or extra fixed equipment should not be considered.For the purpose of fast 3D acquisition,the projection matrices of a portable structured light system should be estimated.This paper proposes a flexible calibration method to meet the requirements of the portable structured light system through a surface plane.A calibration board is attached to the surface plane,and a reference pattern is also projected by an LCD projector onto the surface plane.The camera observes the surface plane at a few different positions.Then,the world-to-image point pairs for the camera and projector are obtained based on the cross ratio and epipolar geometry,and the system is thus calibrated.The experiments conducted for the proposed calibration method demonstrate its accuracy and robustness.
文摘The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and pH inspection. Localization of the capsule in GI tract with time is a necessary condition for subsequent data analysis and medical diagnosis. It is also a common problem facing all in vivo mobile micro-systems. An approach of segment localization by utilizing some key points along GI tract is proposed. A portable ultrasonic detecting device was designed for this purpose. Experiments under conditions similar to GI tract were carried out and the results proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method and the device.
文摘Background:Intestinal ultrasound(IUS)is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease(CD).With advancements in technology,portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available,and the inevitable change to their use by non-radiologist clinicians would be a valuable contribution to improving patient care.This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of IUS examination performed by a gastroenterologist with a portable system as an adjunct imaging modality in the routine care of CD patients.Methods:A total of 117 CD patients were assessed by IUS imaging.Pre-and post-IUS clinical-management decisions were recorded.The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in the patients’clinical-management decision following the IUS examination.The diagnostic accuracy was compared against the reference decision reached via a multidisiplinary meeting after the evaluation of all patient-related data.The endoscopic disease activity was determined using the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease(SES-CD).Results:The initial clinical-management decision was changed in 47 patients(40.2%)after the IUS examination(P=0.001).The accuracy of patient-management decisions improved from 63.2%to 90.6%in comparison to reference decisions(P<0.001).After IUS examination,a further 13 cases(11.1%)were identified for urgent surgical/interventional procedures.The accuracy of colonoscopic(SES-CD≥3)assessment was shown to be comparable to that of IUS(94%vs 91%).The sensitivity for disease presence was 95%with colonoscopy and 94%with the IUS assessment.Conclusion:IUS examination with the use of a portable ultrasonography system significantly improves clinicalmanagement decisions.With further supporting data,this practice would possibly become a requirement for CD management.
基金Supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2024GX-YBXM-288)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172324)+1 种基金Beilin District Science and Technology Program(GX2350)the Special Fund Project for Basic Research Business Expenses of Central level Public Welfare Research Institutes(2023-9062)。
文摘Cracks,potholes,and other defects often occur on infrastructure such as bridges,among which cracks are one of the most frequent defects.They have diverse shapes and are difficult to detect.Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient and have low accuracy,while automated inspection machines are bulky and inconvenient to carry and use.Based on the shortcomings of existing detection technologies,this paper proposes a portable structural surface crack detection system based on the Android platform using a portable hand-held image acquisition device.The system captures cracks on the structure's surface and obtains high-definition crack images.Then,these images are transmitted to portable smartphone terminals through Wi-Fi.Next,the image is pre-processed using weighted averaging,grayscale linear transformation,and adaptive median filtering.Then,the improved Canny edge detection algorithm is applied to identify crack information,and the edge segmentation algorithm is used to determine the crack width.Finally,based on camera calibration,the pixels are converted into the length data required for actual measurement.The results show that the system is easy to operate,and it not only has crack storage and tracking functions,but also can effectively measure the crack width on the surface of components.The measurement accuracy of this system reaches the sub-pixel level,and in actual testing,compared with the crack width gauge,the maximum relative error does notexceed6.25%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708327 and 51978404)。
文摘Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.30570485)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)(No.2006AA04Z368)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.06ER1406)
文摘Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.
文摘The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272134)Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272134,Xiao-lei Chen).
文摘Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation systems face challenges such as high equipment costs,complex operation,bulky size,and insufficient anti-interference performance.To address these limitations,our study developed and validated a novel portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system designed to improve the precision,accessibility,and clinical applicability of electromagnetic navigation technology in cranial surgery.Methods The software and hardware architecture of a portable neural magnetic navigation system was designed.The key technologies of the system were analysed,including electromagnetic positioning algorithms,miniaturized sensor design,optimization of electromagnetic positioning and navigation algorithms,anti-interference signal processing methods,and fast three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.A prototype was developed,and its accuracy was tested.Finally,a preliminary clinical application evaluation was conducted.Results This study successfully developed a comprehensive portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system capable of achieving preoperative planning,intraoperative real-time positioning and navigation,and postoperative evaluation of navigation outcomes.Through rigorous collaborative testing of the system’s software and hardware,the accuracy of electromagnetic neuronavigation has been validated to meet clinical requirements.Conclusions This study developed a portable neuroelectromagnetic navigation system and validated its effectiveness and safety through rigorous model testing and preliminary clinical applications.The system is characterized by its compact size,high precision,excellent portability,and user-friendly operation,making it highly valuable for promoting navigation technology and advancing the precision and minimally invasive nature of neurosurgical procedures.
文摘Nearly 1.03×10~8 t of rice husk per year is extracted from paddy as waste globally. Investigations have been carried out at CNRRI to design a portable rice husk Gasifier-Engine System (GASOGENO) for an effective utilization of rice husk as farm energy source. Gasifier with 25 cm diameter based on the design of the University of California at Davis was matched with the Chinese S-195 engine. A mixture device to give air and gas with the ratio of 1.5: 1 was mounted to upstream of engine for the purpose of dual fuel running. Tests were conducted on a hydraulic dynamometer. The gasifier generates a nearly uniform gas flow at the rate of 18 Nm~3/h with lower heating value of 4.02 MJ/Nm~3. One kg rice husk can produce 2.39 Nm~3 gas. The optimal strength for gasification is 195 kg/m~29·h. The transfer efficiency for cold gas is 52.4%. To achieve satisfactory dual fuel engine performance, a slight
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0212400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371453.
文摘Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.
文摘With the rapid advancement of portable energy devices and sensor technologies,enhancing their catalytic performance,sensing capabilities,and application reliability has become a critical challenge in the fields of materials and energy science.Single-atom catalysts(SACs),owing to their high atomic utilization,outstanding catalytic activity,and precisely engineered structures enabled by density functional theory and enhanced by artificial intelligence,have shown tremendous potential in advancing portable energy and sensing technologies.While existing reviews predominantly focus on the application of SACs in individual portable devices,systematic discussions on their overall development prospects and challenges within portable energy and sensor fields remain scarce.Therefore,this review comprehensively explores the application potential and recent advancements of SACs in portable zinc-air batteries,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,and sensor technologies.The article highlights the influence of key factors such as material design,structural optimization,and packaging integration on device performance,while also addressing the primary bottlenecks and challenges encountered in current practical applications.Furthermore,it suggests possible future development directions,aiming to offer theoretical insights and engineering guidance for the large-scale deployment of SACs in wearable electronic devices,portable energy systems,and smart sensing technologies.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201499,32222057,and 22478142)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515012519,2023A0505050114,and 2024B1515040004)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No 2023YFE0109600)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials(2024C02).
文摘The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.
文摘Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant on traditional laptops and computers, which, while portable, lack true ultra-portability. This paper explores the potential impact of developing a dedicated, ultra-portable, low-cost device for on-the-go penetration testing. Such a device could replicate the core functionalities of advanced penetration testing tools, including those found in Kali Linux, within a compact form factor that fits easily into a pocket. By offering the convenience and portability akin to a smartphone, this innovative device could redefine the way penetration testers operate, enabling them to carry essential tools wherever they go and ensuring they are always prepared to conduct security assessments efficiently. This approach aims to revolutionize penetration testing by merging high functionality with unparalleled portability.
文摘The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.
文摘This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.
