The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering...The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering fertilizer is still unclear. In this study, the early rice cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 and late rice cultivar H You 518 were used as materials, and the effects of different application times of tillering fertilizer on yield and population development of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine were investigated. The tillering fertilizer was applied 7（D07）, 10（D10） and 13（D13） d after the transplanting, respectively. The results showed that compared with those in the D07 treatment groups, the yield of early rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 9.4% and 3.8%, respectively, and the yield of late rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 4.5% and 12.6%,respectively. However, there were no significant differences in rice yield among the treatment groups. The application time of tillering fertilizer showed significant effects on grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of early rice. The grain number per panicle in the D10 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group, and the seed setting rate of the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. For the late rice, the effect of application time of tillering fertilizer on effective tiller number was most obvious, and the effective tiller number in the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. Compared with those in the D07 treatment group, the effective tiller numbers, leaf area indexes and biomasses in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were all trended to be decreased. Therefore,to improve the quality of population and fulfill the high-yielding potential of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine, the tillering fertilizer should be applied as early as possible after rice seedlings turn green.展开更多
Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped ste...Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.展开更多
China’s population increased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.4 billion in 2018.Demo-graphic transition provides a theoretical framework to understand China’s popula-tion changes,and we can divide the history of China...China’s population increased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.4 billion in 2018.Demo-graphic transition provides a theoretical framework to understand China’s popula-tion changes,and we can divide the history of China’s population development into three periods:the period of mortality decline-driven demographic transition(prior to 1970),the period of fertility decline-driven demographic transition(1970-1999),and post-demographic transition period(after 2000).This paper provides a histori-cal overview of China’s population development,and concludes by identifying the main characteristics of this development and the main lessons learned from the pro-cess of population development.展开更多
MY ancestors have lived in Lhasa, Tibet, for generations. I have personally witnessed the great changes in modern Tibetan society. The total population of the region has doubled since 1951. The Fourth National Census ...MY ancestors have lived in Lhasa, Tibet, for generations. I have personally witnessed the great changes in modern Tibetan society. The total population of the region has doubled since 1951. The Fourth National Census in 1990 revealed that the human fertility rate in the Tibet Autonomous Region was 27.60 per thousand, the natural population growth rate 18.40 per thousand, and the total fertility rate of women at childbearing age 4.22.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.This retrospective study aimed to establish a risk score for postoperative AKI ...BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.This retrospective study aimed to establish a risk score for postoperative AKI in a Chinese population.METHODS A total of 1138 patients undergoing CABG were collected from September 2018 to May 2020 and divided into a derivation and validation cohort.AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)criteria.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of AKI,and the predictive ability of the model was determined using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS The incidence of cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury(CSA-AKI)was 24.17%,and 0.53%of AKI patients required dialysis(AKI-D).Among the derivation cohort,multivariable logistic regression showed that age≥70 years,body mass index(BMI)≥25 kg/m2,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)≤60 mL/min per 1.73 m2,ejection fraction(EF)≤45%,use of statins,red blood cell transfusion,use of adrenaline,intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)implantation,postoperative low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS)and reoperation for bleeding were independent predictors.The predictive model was scored from 0 to32 points with three risk categories.The AKI frequencies were as follows:0-8 points(15.9%),9-17 points(36.5%)and≥18 points(90.4%).The area under of the ROC curve was 0.730(95%CI:0.691-0.768)in the derivation cohort.The predictive index had good discrimination in the validation cohort,with an area under the curve of 0.735(95%CI:0.655-0.815).The model was well calibrated according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(P=0.372).CONCLUSION The performance of the prediction model was valid and accurate in predicting KDIGO-AKI after CABG surgery in Chinese patients,and could improve the early prognosis and clinical interventions.展开更多
Recombinant inbred lines(RILs) serve as powerful tools for genetic mapping.RILs are obtained by crossing two inbred lines followed by repeated selfing or sib-mating to create a set of new
the Interntaional Workshop on China's Agenda 21 held in October 1993, Professor Zeng Yi proposed three issues important to the field of population and sustainable development: 1) Promote basic education for childr...the Interntaional Workshop on China's Agenda 21 held in October 1993, Professor Zeng Yi proposed three issues important to the field of population and sustainable development: 1) Promote basic education for children and impede the newly emerging trend of dropping out from school, 2) Improve the social, economic and family status of women and change the traditional 'son-preference' ideology, and 3) Improve the social security system for the elderly to counter the negative effects of accelerating aging of the population.展开更多
This article analyses the causes for the decline in the fertility rate of China's population The author attributes the tremendous decline to the following leading causes: the profound understanding and high politi...This article analyses the causes for the decline in the fertility rate of China's population The author attributes the tremendous decline to the following leading causes: the profound understanding and high political commitment of top Chinese leaders, integration of population with development, the extensive IEC programme and effective technical service, on top of others. The author tells how population and development are integrated in practice in the past decades and the overall effectiveness of the integration approach.展开更多
Focusing on the 18 counties along “One River and Two Tributaries” region, and based on the data from China 3nl, 4th and 5th population censuses, this article has analyzed the time and spatial changing patterns of th...Focusing on the 18 counties along “One River and Two Tributaries” region, and based on the data from China 3nl, 4th and 5th population censuses, this article has analyzed the time and spatial changing patterns of the population in this region. The analyses show that since the 3nl population census, total population, average age and total birth rate have all changed considerably: ① Total population has grown, fast, with most counties' annual average growth rate of more than 10. ② In terms of the region's average age, in 2000 the age in the 18 counties is younger than 30 years old. ③ Compared with the 3nl population census, labor force by the 5th census is much younger. ④ Countermeasures are proposed to control population by controlling birth rate as the result of the local resident's quality improvement by education.展开更多
Since the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)in 1994,global initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and Sustain-able Development Goals(SDGs)have evolved from simple population c...Since the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)in 1994,global initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and Sustain-able Development Goals(SDGs)have evolved from simple population control to a comprehensive focus on human rights,social justice,and sustainable development,emphasizing social equity,gender equality,sustainability,and global cooperation.This paper reviews China’s response to these initiatives,focusing on the ICPD Pro-gram of Action and SDGs,and assesses how its demographic transformation over the past 30 years has influenced global population trends and other development areas.We find that China has actively embraced these global principles,integrat-ing them into its national strategy through improved fertility policies,population structure optimization,and addressing population aging.These measures have sig-nificantly reshaped China’s demographic landscape and impacted global population dynamics.The paper also highlights China’s substantial progress in health and well-being,life expectancy,gender equality,social equity,and climate action.To address its rapid population aging,China has developed robust social security systems,par-ticularly in pensions and health insurance.China’s experience in urbanization and economic growth has provided valuable insights for global development.Addition-ally,China’s efforts have advanced education,improved women’s rights,and sup-ported disadvantaged groups,contributing to the undertaking of global sustainable development.We conclude that China’s efforts in implementing international action plans since the ICPD have laid a strong foundation for achieving global SDGs,that China has become a role model for the international community in the domain of population and development,and that China will continuously contribute signifi-cantly to global development agendas in the years to come.展开更多
The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the mos...The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the most crucial conservation approach involves the establishment and management of both in-situ and ex-situ nature reserves.Since the 1990s,seven nature reserves have been established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,covering nearly one-third of its main stream.Additionally,two nature reserves,one in the Dongting Lake and another in the Poyang Lake,have been set up;and three ex-situ nature reserves have been established in three oxbows respectively in Hunan,Hubei,and Anhui provinces.Through measures such as improving the ecological environment quality within the reserves,regulating human activities,and conducting continuous monitoring,the finless porpoise population showed a slight increase in 2022 for the first time.The ex-situ population has continued to grow,with four individuals being released back into the main stream of the Yangtze River after undergoing reintroduction training in 2023.Based on the population development lasting for over three decades,and predictions of future ecological changes,orderly establishment and scientific management of nature reserves have played a key role in and will remain an important basis for the sustaining growth of the finless porpoise population.展开更多
The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies...The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].展开更多
This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques...This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population growth.The findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism activities.Hence,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of the National Twelfth-Five Year Research Program of China(2011BAD16B04)"Gan-Po Talent 555"Project of Jiangxi Province[GCZ2012(1)]+2 种基金National Transformation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements(2013GB2C500244)Science and Technology Plan of Action for Universities and Colleges in Jiangxi Province(12003)Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303102)~~
文摘The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering fertilizer is still unclear. In this study, the early rice cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 and late rice cultivar H You 518 were used as materials, and the effects of different application times of tillering fertilizer on yield and population development of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine were investigated. The tillering fertilizer was applied 7（D07）, 10（D10） and 13（D13） d after the transplanting, respectively. The results showed that compared with those in the D07 treatment groups, the yield of early rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 9.4% and 3.8%, respectively, and the yield of late rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 4.5% and 12.6%,respectively. However, there were no significant differences in rice yield among the treatment groups. The application time of tillering fertilizer showed significant effects on grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of early rice. The grain number per panicle in the D10 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group, and the seed setting rate of the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. For the late rice, the effect of application time of tillering fertilizer on effective tiller number was most obvious, and the effective tiller number in the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. Compared with those in the D07 treatment group, the effective tiller numbers, leaf area indexes and biomasses in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were all trended to be decreased. Therefore,to improve the quality of population and fulfill the high-yielding potential of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine, the tillering fertilizer should be applied as early as possible after rice seedlings turn green.
文摘Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.
基金This work was supported in part by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Research and Innovation Project(E00026).
文摘China’s population increased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.4 billion in 2018.Demo-graphic transition provides a theoretical framework to understand China’s popula-tion changes,and we can divide the history of China’s population development into three periods:the period of mortality decline-driven demographic transition(prior to 1970),the period of fertility decline-driven demographic transition(1970-1999),and post-demographic transition period(after 2000).This paper provides a histori-cal overview of China’s population development,and concludes by identifying the main characteristics of this development and the main lessons learned from the pro-cess of population development.
文摘MY ancestors have lived in Lhasa, Tibet, for generations. I have personally witnessed the great changes in modern Tibetan society. The total population of the region has doubled since 1951. The Fourth National Census in 1990 revealed that the human fertility rate in the Tibet Autonomous Region was 27.60 per thousand, the natural population growth rate 18.40 per thousand, and the total fertility rate of women at childbearing age 4.22.
基金supported by National Natural S cience Foundation of China(81570373)。
文摘BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.This retrospective study aimed to establish a risk score for postoperative AKI in a Chinese population.METHODS A total of 1138 patients undergoing CABG were collected from September 2018 to May 2020 and divided into a derivation and validation cohort.AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)criteria.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of AKI,and the predictive ability of the model was determined using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS The incidence of cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury(CSA-AKI)was 24.17%,and 0.53%of AKI patients required dialysis(AKI-D).Among the derivation cohort,multivariable logistic regression showed that age≥70 years,body mass index(BMI)≥25 kg/m2,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)≤60 mL/min per 1.73 m2,ejection fraction(EF)≤45%,use of statins,red blood cell transfusion,use of adrenaline,intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)implantation,postoperative low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS)and reoperation for bleeding were independent predictors.The predictive model was scored from 0 to32 points with three risk categories.The AKI frequencies were as follows:0-8 points(15.9%),9-17 points(36.5%)and≥18 points(90.4%).The area under of the ROC curve was 0.730(95%CI:0.691-0.768)in the derivation cohort.The predictive index had good discrimination in the validation cohort,with an area under the curve of 0.735(95%CI:0.655-0.815).The model was well calibrated according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(P=0.372).CONCLUSION The performance of the prediction model was valid and accurate in predicting KDIGO-AKI after CABG surgery in Chinese patients,and could improve the early prognosis and clinical interventions.
文摘Recombinant inbred lines(RILs) serve as powerful tools for genetic mapping.RILs are obtained by crossing two inbred lines followed by repeated selfing or sib-mating to create a set of new
文摘the Interntaional Workshop on China's Agenda 21 held in October 1993, Professor Zeng Yi proposed three issues important to the field of population and sustainable development: 1) Promote basic education for children and impede the newly emerging trend of dropping out from school, 2) Improve the social, economic and family status of women and change the traditional 'son-preference' ideology, and 3) Improve the social security system for the elderly to counter the negative effects of accelerating aging of the population.
文摘This article analyses the causes for the decline in the fertility rate of China's population The author attributes the tremendous decline to the following leading causes: the profound understanding and high political commitment of top Chinese leaders, integration of population with development, the extensive IEC programme and effective technical service, on top of others. The author tells how population and development are integrated in practice in the past decades and the overall effectiveness of the integration approach.
文摘Focusing on the 18 counties along “One River and Two Tributaries” region, and based on the data from China 3nl, 4th and 5th population censuses, this article has analyzed the time and spatial changing patterns of the population in this region. The analyses show that since the 3nl population census, total population, average age and total birth rate have all changed considerably: ① Total population has grown, fast, with most counties' annual average growth rate of more than 10. ② In terms of the region's average age, in 2000 the age in the 18 counties is younger than 30 years old. ③ Compared with the 3nl population census, labor force by the 5th census is much younger. ④ Countermeasures are proposed to control population by controlling birth rate as the result of the local resident's quality improvement by education.
文摘Since the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)in 1994,global initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and Sustain-able Development Goals(SDGs)have evolved from simple population control to a comprehensive focus on human rights,social justice,and sustainable development,emphasizing social equity,gender equality,sustainability,and global cooperation.This paper reviews China’s response to these initiatives,focusing on the ICPD Pro-gram of Action and SDGs,and assesses how its demographic transformation over the past 30 years has influenced global population trends and other development areas.We find that China has actively embraced these global principles,integrat-ing them into its national strategy through improved fertility policies,population structure optimization,and addressing population aging.These measures have sig-nificantly reshaped China’s demographic landscape and impacted global population dynamics.The paper also highlights China’s substantial progress in health and well-being,life expectancy,gender equality,social equity,and climate action.To address its rapid population aging,China has developed robust social security systems,par-ticularly in pensions and health insurance.China’s experience in urbanization and economic growth has provided valuable insights for global development.Addition-ally,China’s efforts have advanced education,improved women’s rights,and sup-ported disadvantaged groups,contributing to the undertaking of global sustainable development.We conclude that China’s efforts in implementing international action plans since the ICPD have laid a strong foundation for achieving global SDGs,that China has become a role model for the international community in the domain of population and development,and that China will continuously contribute signifi-cantly to global development agendas in the years to come.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225604,31500456,31430080)the 2023 Strategic Consultation Project of the Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere,the National Key Programme of Research and Development of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFF1301603)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23040403).
文摘The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is distributed in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as in Dongting and Poyang lakes.Currently,the most crucial conservation approach involves the establishment and management of both in-situ and ex-situ nature reserves.Since the 1990s,seven nature reserves have been established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,covering nearly one-third of its main stream.Additionally,two nature reserves,one in the Dongting Lake and another in the Poyang Lake,have been set up;and three ex-situ nature reserves have been established in three oxbows respectively in Hunan,Hubei,and Anhui provinces.Through measures such as improving the ecological environment quality within the reserves,regulating human activities,and conducting continuous monitoring,the finless porpoise population showed a slight increase in 2022 for the first time.The ex-situ population has continued to grow,with four individuals being released back into the main stream of the Yangtze River after undergoing reintroduction training in 2023.Based on the population development lasting for over three decades,and predictions of future ecological changes,orderly establishment and scientific management of nature reserves have played a key role in and will remain an important basis for the sustaining growth of the finless porpoise population.
文摘The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].
文摘This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population growth.The findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism activities.Hence,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.
