Secondary metabolites are closely related to the nutritional quality and health functions of plants.We investigated the secondary metabolites of both wild(n=23)and cultivated(n=27)pomegranate plants(Punica granatum L....Secondary metabolites are closely related to the nutritional quality and health functions of plants.We investigated the secondary metabolites of both wild(n=23)and cultivated(n=27)pomegranate plants(Punica granatum L.)growing in China.The total flavonoid(TF)and tannin(TT)contents from the peel and juice were determined and the secondary metabolites in the peel(ZLP)and juice(ZLZ)of‘Zela 4’were identified using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC–ESI-MS/MS).Analysis of variance(P<0.05)showed that there were significant differences in the TF content of peel(TF(P))and juice(TF(J)),and the TT content of peel(TT(P))and juice(TT(J))among different pomegranate accessions.Pearson correlation analysis showed that latitude and altitude might be the main environmental factors affecting TF and TT contents in pomegranates.In this study,279 secondary metabolites were identified in the ZLP and ZLZ.In addition,we report for the first time 227 secondary metabolites in pomegranates.Using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,90 differential metabolites were identified in ZLP and ZLZ.In addition,we screened eight specific germplasms(high-TF(P),‘Junyong 3’;low-TF(P),‘Yanzhihong’;high-TF(J),‘Zela 4’;low-TF(J),‘Yudazi’,high-TT(P),‘Junyong 4’;low-TT(P),‘Anba 1’;high-TT(J),‘Yeba 1’;and low-TT(J),‘Baihuayushizi’).The results of our study provide a reference for the development and utilization of wild pomegranate resources and pomegranate breeding in China.展开更多
Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism...Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.展开更多
By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibit...By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibits therapeutic effects on liver injury,viral hepatitis,metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,liver fibrosis,and liver cancer.Emerging evidence suggests that these natural products may alleviate liver diseases through multi-targeted therapeutic mechanisms,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,immunoregulation,and anti-steatosis.The underlying mechanisms by which pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways,including P62/Nrf2,TGF-β1/Smad7,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK/Nrf2,Nrf2/Keap1,Akt/FOXO3a,MAPK/NF-κB,etc.Consequently,pomegranate can serve as a functional food,nutritional supplement,or adjuvant in the modern treatment of liver diseases.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported...High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.However,the combined effect of PJ and inulin on HFD-induced metabolic disorders has not been elucidated.In current study,we found that the combination of PJ and inulin prevent HFD-induced obesity,dyslipidemia,and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Moreover,the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced by inulin were increased after inulin combined with PJ.The levels of pomegranate polyphenol metabolites produced by PJ were also increased after PJ combined with inulin,especially pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the presence of inulin enhance the absorption level of urolithin A.Fecal metabolomic analysis found that PJ combined with inulin alter the metabolic status compared with PJ.It was also showed that the levels of SCFAs and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites among groups were correlated with gut microbiota and metabolic disorders indicators.Our results suggested that PJ combined with inulin prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders,which may be attributed to the promotion of mutual metabolic transformation and absorption of PJ and inulin by gut microbiota.展开更多
Eighty-five pomegranate （Punica granatum L.） cultivars from six geographical populations located at Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang Provinces were studied for its population genetic diversity b...Eighty-five pomegranate （Punica granatum L.） cultivars from six geographical populations located at Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang Provinces were studied for its population genetic diversity by means of fluorescent-AFLP markers. The results indicated that 135-185 polymorphic loci were amplified by eight pairs of primers at species level. An average of 158.25 polymorphic loci was amplified for each primer combination. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 62.5% to 86.11%, and the average polymorphism percentage was 73.26%. This indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in pomegranate cultivars. The genetic diversity at the species level was higher than that at the population level. The order of the genetic diversity was Henan population 〉 Xinjiang population 〉 Shaanxi population 〉 Anhui population 〉 Shandong population 〉 Yunnan population. Variance analysis showed that there was significant difference between populations in genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation coefficient between populations （Gsr） was 0.2018, which indicated that gene differentiation was mainly within the population, and between populations, it accounted for 20.18% of the total variation. Gene flow （Nm） between the populations measured was 1.9027 based on the genetic differentiation coefficient between populations, indicating that there was mild gene flow between populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that most accessions from the same population were clustered together, but there was partly gene exchange. All genetic parameters indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in pomegranate cultivars in China, of which Henan population was significantly higher than the other populations, and it had wide application foreground in pomegranate breeding in China.展开更多
[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and dis...[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a h...[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to com...[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of si...[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the reason for the different leaf colors of pomegranate hybrid progeny. [Method] Spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of three pigments, including chlorophyl...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the reason for the different leaf colors of pomegranate hybrid progeny. [Method] Spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of three pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin, in the leaves of eight pomegranate individuals and their parents at growth stage. [Result] The results showed that during the early growth stage, the anthocyanin contents of four pomegranate individuals with red leaves were higher than the control, to be specific, the anthocyanin content of No.5 pomegranate individual reached the highest of 4.12 mg/g; the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of four pomegranate individuals with yellow-green leaves showed consistent dynamic trends with the control, to be specific, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio of No.4 pomegranate individual reached the highest, while the chlorophyll a/carotenoid b ratio of No.3 pomegranate individual was the lowest. During vigorous growth stage, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin of eight pomegranate individuals showed consistent dynamic trends, with no significant difference with the control. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences in the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid among different pomegranate individuals at different growth stages and in the content of anthocyanin among different pomegranate individuals, while no significant difference was observed in the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio among different pomegranate individuals at different growth stages. [Conclusion] The differences in leaf colors among pomegranate hybrid progeny are caused by different contents and ratios of anthocyanin and chlorophyll at growth stage.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers. [Method] Contents of total flavones in 24 honey samples of pomegranate flowers from Mengzi City in 2011 and 2012 were measured as...[Objective] The aim was to analyze content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers. [Method] Contents of total flavones in 24 honey samples of pomegranate flowers from Mengzi City in 2011 and 2012 were measured as per- spectrophotometry method with acetone as an extractant and rutin as a control. [Result] The average content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers was at （2.36±1.36）mg/100 g in 2011 and significantly higher than that in 2012 at （1.71± 0.53）mg/100 g. Analysis was conducted on flavones content in different batches and the results indicated that content of flavones in honey in different batches changed from increasing to decreasing, namely, the content was maximal in peak flowering stage, followed by late flowering stage and initial flowering stage. [Conclusion] The research provides references for development, use and function exploration of the honey of pomegranate flowers.展开更多
At present, there is a need to develop a universal standard for the classification of pomegranate（Punica granatum L.） species, which facilitates the collection,sorting, classification and application of pomegranate ...At present, there is a need to develop a universal standard for the classification of pomegranate（Punica granatum L.） species, which facilitates the collection,sorting, classification and application of pomegranate resources. This review introduces recent research progress in pomegranate classification（in particular with molecular markers）, and finally the potential application of molecular markers in future research about pomegranate.展开更多
Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences ...Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong（soft-seeded） and Sanbai（hard-seeded） pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels（2-DE）; 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference（P〈0.05） in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS： pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） E1-β family protein（spot 4 609）; alanine aminotransferase 2-like（ALT2L）; mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein（spot 5 803）; phosphofructokinase B（Pfk B）-type family of carbohydrate kinase（spot 8 411）; and putative dna K-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70（Hsc70）（spot 9 006）. Of these, 3 proteins（spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803） were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins（spots 8 411, 9 006） were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to obtain the preparation technology of the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemulsion. [Method] The pomegranate peel polyphe- nol nanoemulsion was prepared by the titration methods and the pseud...[Objective] The aim was to obtain the preparation technology of the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemulsion. [Method] The pomegranate peel polyphe- nol nanoemulsion was prepared by the titration methods and the pseudo ternary dia- gram. The effect of various elements on the formation of the nanoemulsion was stud- ied. [Results] The optimal prescription of the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemul- sion was 4.4%（w/w） of pomegranate peel polyphenol, 34.1%（w/w） of EL-40, 17.1%（w/w） of anhydrous ethanol, 5.7%（w/w） of IPM and 38.7%（w/w） of distilled water. [Conclusion] It is feasible to produce the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemulsion by the titration methods and the pseudo ternary diagram. It consists of pomegranate peel polyphe- nol, EL-40, anhydrous ethanol, IPM and distilled water. There is 4.4%（w/w） of the pomegranate peel polyphenol in the nanoemuJsion.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide a basis for enriching the Punica granatum L. germplasm resources through investigating Punica granatum L. vari- eties in Binchuan. [Method] In this study, biological traits of P...[Objective] This study aimed to provide a basis for enriching the Punica granatum L. germplasm resources through investigating Punica granatum L. vari- eties in Binchuan. [Method] In this study, biological traits of Punica granatum L. vari- eties in Binchuan （including two local varieties-＇Binchuan Red Coat＇ and ＇Binchuan Green Coat＇, ＇Cyan Coat and Soft Seeds＇ and ＇Little Red Coat＇ introduced from Huili, Sichuan, ＇Acid Pomegranate＇ introduced from Shandong Province and ＂Ma Pomegranate＂ from Fengqiu, Henan） were investigated and their major fruit qualities were also analyzed. [Result] ＂Cyan Coat and Soft Seeds＇ and ＂Ma Pomegranate＇ grew well with good fruit quality, which adapted well to the climate and environment in Binchuan; ＂Little Red Coat＇ showed average performance in growth and major fruit qualities with inferior flavour; ＂Binchuan Red Coat＇ and ＇Binchuan Green Coat＇ also showed average performance in major fruit qualities and and inferior flavour; ＇Acid Pomegranate＇ grew while was inferior in flavour. [Conclusion] This study pro- vides references for presenting the directions for studies of P. granatum L. germplasm resources and determining the genetic relationship among germplasm resources, as well as breeding, introduction and cultivation of P. granatum L., further providing a variety basis for pomegranate production.展开更多
In this study, toxicity and control efficiency of three nicotine biopesticides against pomegranate aphids were determined via indoor toxicity test and field effica- cy test, aiming at screening the appropriate reagent...In this study, toxicity and control efficiency of three nicotine biopesticides against pomegranate aphids were determined via indoor toxicity test and field effica- cy test, aiming at screening the appropriate reagent for prevention and control of pomegranate aphids. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that LC^o of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 10 270, 12 810 and 13 040 mg/L, respectively. The results of field efficacy test showed that control efficacy of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 60.52%, 34.60% and 46.99%, respectively. Overall, reagent 1 （91% ultrafine powder of tobacco leaves, 3% silicone oil, 2% sasangua cake, 2% emulsifier, 2% ascorbic acid） exhibited the highest control efficiency against pomegranate aphids, which can be further popularized and utilized.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.展开更多
Pomegranate leaf(PGL)has a definite role in regulating lipid metabolism.However,pharmacokinetic results show the main active ingredient,ellagic acid,in PGL has lower oral bioavailability,suggesting that the lipid-lowe...Pomegranate leaf(PGL)has a definite role in regulating lipid metabolism.However,pharmacokinetic results show the main active ingredient,ellagic acid,in PGL has lower oral bioavailability,suggesting that the lipid-lowering effect of PGL may act through inhibiting lipid absorption in the small intestine.Our results demonstrated that pomegranate leaf and its main active ingredients(i.e.,ellagic acid,gallic acid,pyrogallic acid and tannic acid)were capable of inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in vitro.In computational molecular docking,the four ingredients had good affinity for pancreatic lipase.Acute lipid overload experiments showed that a large dosage of PGL significantly reduced serum total cholesterol(TG)and triglycerides(TC)levels in addition to inhibiting intestinal lipase activity,which demonstrated that PGL could inhibit lipase activity and reduce the absorption of lipids.We also found that PGL could reverse the reduced tight-junction protein expression due to intestinal lipid overload,promote Occludin and Claudin4 expression in the small intestine,and enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier.In conclusion,we demonstrated that PGL can inhibit lipid absorption and reduce blood TG and TC by targeting pancreatic lipase,promoting tight-junction protein expression and thereby preventing intestinal mucosa damage from an overload of lipids in the intestine.展开更多
Peel browning of pomegranate fruit is the key problem during storage. The mechanism of it during storage in relation to the technology of the browning control was studied in this paper. The effects of storage temperat...Peel browning of pomegranate fruit is the key problem during storage. The mechanism of it during storage in relation to the technology of the browning control was studied in this paper. The effects of storage temperature, gas component and pH value on peel browning of sweet pomegranate fruit in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. Change in tannin content was measured and the relationship between the activities of ascorbic acid oxidase （AAO）, polypenoloxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT） and peel browning was analysed. The results showed tannin was the basic substance of pomegranate peel browning. The activities of the browning index of peel were correlated positively with AAO, PPO and POD, correlated negatively with CAT activity. Application of intermittent warming for 24 h at （15 ± 0.5）℃ every 5 days for pomegranate fruit storage under the conditions of pH 4.0, （5.0± 0.5）℃ and 5.0% CO2 ＋ 8.0% O2 ＋ 87.0% N2 gas component could delay browning, with the browning index being 0.15 after 120 days of storage. Enzymatic tannin denaturation was the main cause that led to peel browning of pomegranate fruit during storage. The browning control of pomegranate fruit peel was effective using intermittent warming storage with suitable pH, temperature and gas component.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region,China(XZ201019ZRG-153)the Initiative Project for Talents of Nanjing Forestry University,China(GXL2014070 and GXL2018032)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901341)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180768)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions,China(PAPD)。
文摘Secondary metabolites are closely related to the nutritional quality and health functions of plants.We investigated the secondary metabolites of both wild(n=23)and cultivated(n=27)pomegranate plants(Punica granatum L.)growing in China.The total flavonoid(TF)and tannin(TT)contents from the peel and juice were determined and the secondary metabolites in the peel(ZLP)and juice(ZLZ)of‘Zela 4’were identified using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC–ESI-MS/MS).Analysis of variance(P<0.05)showed that there were significant differences in the TF content of peel(TF(P))and juice(TF(J)),and the TT content of peel(TT(P))and juice(TT(J))among different pomegranate accessions.Pearson correlation analysis showed that latitude and altitude might be the main environmental factors affecting TF and TT contents in pomegranates.In this study,279 secondary metabolites were identified in the ZLP and ZLZ.In addition,we report for the first time 227 secondary metabolites in pomegranates.Using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,90 differential metabolites were identified in ZLP and ZLZ.In addition,we screened eight specific germplasms(high-TF(P),‘Junyong 3’;low-TF(P),‘Yanzhihong’;high-TF(J),‘Zela 4’;low-TF(J),‘Yudazi’,high-TT(P),‘Junyong 4’;low-TT(P),‘Anba 1’;high-TT(J),‘Yeba 1’;and low-TT(J),‘Baihuayushizi’).The results of our study provide a reference for the development and utilization of wild pomegranate resources and pomegranate breeding in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679 and 31871801)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YDCGZH-13)。
文摘Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573563)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research in Southwest Minzu University(2024CXTD16)the Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team Project(2023ZD05).
文摘By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibits therapeutic effects on liver injury,viral hepatitis,metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,liver fibrosis,and liver cancer.Emerging evidence suggests that these natural products may alleviate liver diseases through multi-targeted therapeutic mechanisms,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,immunoregulation,and anti-steatosis.The underlying mechanisms by which pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways,including P62/Nrf2,TGF-β1/Smad7,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK/Nrf2,Nrf2/Keap1,Akt/FOXO3a,MAPK/NF-κB,etc.Consequently,pomegranate can serve as a functional food,nutritional supplement,or adjuvant in the modern treatment of liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)supported by the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YD-CGZH-13)。
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.However,the combined effect of PJ and inulin on HFD-induced metabolic disorders has not been elucidated.In current study,we found that the combination of PJ and inulin prevent HFD-induced obesity,dyslipidemia,and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Moreover,the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced by inulin were increased after inulin combined with PJ.The levels of pomegranate polyphenol metabolites produced by PJ were also increased after PJ combined with inulin,especially pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the presence of inulin enhance the absorption level of urolithin A.Fecal metabolomic analysis found that PJ combined with inulin alter the metabolic status compared with PJ.It was also showed that the levels of SCFAs and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites among groups were correlated with gut microbiota and metabolic disorders indicators.Our results suggested that PJ combined with inulin prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders,which may be attributed to the promotion of mutual metabolic transformation and absorption of PJ and inulin by gut microbiota.
基金2006 Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Development Plans (No. 2006GG2209009)Research Funds for Junior Scientist of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. 2005YQ012).
文摘Eighty-five pomegranate （Punica granatum L.） cultivars from six geographical populations located at Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang Provinces were studied for its population genetic diversity by means of fluorescent-AFLP markers. The results indicated that 135-185 polymorphic loci were amplified by eight pairs of primers at species level. An average of 158.25 polymorphic loci was amplified for each primer combination. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 62.5% to 86.11%, and the average polymorphism percentage was 73.26%. This indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in pomegranate cultivars. The genetic diversity at the species level was higher than that at the population level. The order of the genetic diversity was Henan population 〉 Xinjiang population 〉 Shaanxi population 〉 Anhui population 〉 Shandong population 〉 Yunnan population. Variance analysis showed that there was significant difference between populations in genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation coefficient between populations （Gsr） was 0.2018, which indicated that gene differentiation was mainly within the population, and between populations, it accounted for 20.18% of the total variation. Gene flow （Nm） between the populations measured was 1.9027 based on the genetic differentiation coefficient between populations, indicating that there was mild gene flow between populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that most accessions from the same population were clustered together, but there was partly gene exchange. All genetic parameters indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in pomegranate cultivars in China, of which Henan population was significantly higher than the other populations, and it had wide application foreground in pomegranate breeding in China.
基金Supported by National"973" Project(2011CB100400)~~
文摘[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Projects Units of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Financial Support(Project No.2013911072)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of He'nan Province(072102150001)Science and Technology Project of Zhengzhou City(083SGYG24123-6)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the reason for the different leaf colors of pomegranate hybrid progeny. [Method] Spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of three pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin, in the leaves of eight pomegranate individuals and their parents at growth stage. [Result] The results showed that during the early growth stage, the anthocyanin contents of four pomegranate individuals with red leaves were higher than the control, to be specific, the anthocyanin content of No.5 pomegranate individual reached the highest of 4.12 mg/g; the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of four pomegranate individuals with yellow-green leaves showed consistent dynamic trends with the control, to be specific, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio of No.4 pomegranate individual reached the highest, while the chlorophyll a/carotenoid b ratio of No.3 pomegranate individual was the lowest. During vigorous growth stage, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin of eight pomegranate individuals showed consistent dynamic trends, with no significant difference with the control. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences in the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid among different pomegranate individuals at different growth stages and in the content of anthocyanin among different pomegranate individuals, while no significant difference was observed in the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio among different pomegranate individuals at different growth stages. [Conclusion] The differences in leaf colors among pomegranate hybrid progeny are caused by different contents and ratios of anthocyanin and chlorophyll at growth stage.
基金Supported by Youth Entrepreneurship Foundation of Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (QC2010002)Special Funds of National Modern Agricultural and bee industry Technology System (CARS-45-SYZ17)Science&Technology Department Project of Yunnan Province (2011BB012)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers. [Method] Contents of total flavones in 24 honey samples of pomegranate flowers from Mengzi City in 2011 and 2012 were measured as per- spectrophotometry method with acetone as an extractant and rutin as a control. [Result] The average content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers was at （2.36±1.36）mg/100 g in 2011 and significantly higher than that in 2012 at （1.71± 0.53）mg/100 g. Analysis was conducted on flavones content in different batches and the results indicated that content of flavones in honey in different batches changed from increasing to decreasing, namely, the content was maximal in peak flowering stage, followed by late flowering stage and initial flowering stage. [Conclusion] The research provides references for development, use and function exploration of the honey of pomegranate flowers.
基金Supported by the Special Foundation of the President of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Young Scholars(14B0321)~~
文摘At present, there is a need to develop a universal standard for the classification of pomegranate（Punica granatum L.） species, which facilitates the collection,sorting, classification and application of pomegranate resources. This review introduces recent research progress in pomegranate classification（in particular with molecular markers）, and finally the potential application of molecular markers in future research about pomegranate.
基金funded by the Key Project of the National Science and Technology Basic Work of China(2012 FY110100)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI)
文摘Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong（soft-seeded） and Sanbai（hard-seeded） pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels（2-DE）; 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference（P〈0.05） in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS： pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） E1-β family protein（spot 4 609）; alanine aminotransferase 2-like（ALT2L）; mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein（spot 5 803）; phosphofructokinase B（Pfk B）-type family of carbohydrate kinase（spot 8 411）; and putative dna K-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70（Hsc70）（spot 9 006）. Of these, 3 proteins（spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803） were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins（spots 8 411, 9 006） were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Projects Units of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Financial Support(Project No.2013911072)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to obtain the preparation technology of the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemulsion. [Method] The pomegranate peel polyphe- nol nanoemulsion was prepared by the titration methods and the pseudo ternary dia- gram. The effect of various elements on the formation of the nanoemulsion was stud- ied. [Results] The optimal prescription of the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemul- sion was 4.4%（w/w） of pomegranate peel polyphenol, 34.1%（w/w） of EL-40, 17.1%（w/w） of anhydrous ethanol, 5.7%（w/w） of IPM and 38.7%（w/w） of distilled water. [Conclusion] It is feasible to produce the pomegranate peel polyphenol nanoemulsion by the titration methods and the pseudo ternary diagram. It consists of pomegranate peel polyphe- nol, EL-40, anhydrous ethanol, IPM and distilled water. There is 4.4%（w/w） of the pomegranate peel polyphenol in the nanoemuJsion.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Department of Education of Yunnan Province(2011Y445)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide a basis for enriching the Punica granatum L. germplasm resources through investigating Punica granatum L. vari- eties in Binchuan. [Method] In this study, biological traits of Punica granatum L. vari- eties in Binchuan （including two local varieties-＇Binchuan Red Coat＇ and ＇Binchuan Green Coat＇, ＇Cyan Coat and Soft Seeds＇ and ＇Little Red Coat＇ introduced from Huili, Sichuan, ＇Acid Pomegranate＇ introduced from Shandong Province and ＂Ma Pomegranate＂ from Fengqiu, Henan） were investigated and their major fruit qualities were also analyzed. [Result] ＂Cyan Coat and Soft Seeds＇ and ＂Ma Pomegranate＇ grew well with good fruit quality, which adapted well to the climate and environment in Binchuan; ＂Little Red Coat＇ showed average performance in growth and major fruit qualities with inferior flavour; ＂Binchuan Red Coat＇ and ＇Binchuan Green Coat＇ also showed average performance in major fruit qualities and and inferior flavour; ＇Acid Pomegranate＇ grew while was inferior in flavour. [Conclusion] This study pro- vides references for presenting the directions for studies of P. granatum L. germplasm resources and determining the genetic relationship among germplasm resources, as well as breeding, introduction and cultivation of P. granatum L., further providing a variety basis for pomegranate production.
文摘In this study, toxicity and control efficiency of three nicotine biopesticides against pomegranate aphids were determined via indoor toxicity test and field effica- cy test, aiming at screening the appropriate reagent for prevention and control of pomegranate aphids. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that LC^o of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 10 270, 12 810 and 13 040 mg/L, respectively. The results of field efficacy test showed that control efficacy of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 60.52%, 34.60% and 46.99%, respectively. Overall, reagent 1 （91% ultrafine powder of tobacco leaves, 3% silicone oil, 2% sasangua cake, 2% emulsifier, 2% ascorbic acid） exhibited the highest control efficiency against pomegranate aphids, which can be further popularized and utilized.
基金Supported by College-level Special Fund of Sichuan Agricultural University(06070904)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(2011ZX09101-002-11)the Special Foundation for Laboratory of Tsinghua University(LF20082377)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81374006 and 30801523)
文摘Pomegranate leaf(PGL)has a definite role in regulating lipid metabolism.However,pharmacokinetic results show the main active ingredient,ellagic acid,in PGL has lower oral bioavailability,suggesting that the lipid-lowering effect of PGL may act through inhibiting lipid absorption in the small intestine.Our results demonstrated that pomegranate leaf and its main active ingredients(i.e.,ellagic acid,gallic acid,pyrogallic acid and tannic acid)were capable of inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in vitro.In computational molecular docking,the four ingredients had good affinity for pancreatic lipase.Acute lipid overload experiments showed that a large dosage of PGL significantly reduced serum total cholesterol(TG)and triglycerides(TC)levels in addition to inhibiting intestinal lipase activity,which demonstrated that PGL could inhibit lipase activity and reduce the absorption of lipids.We also found that PGL could reverse the reduced tight-junction protein expression due to intestinal lipid overload,promote Occludin and Claudin4 expression in the small intestine,and enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier.In conclusion,we demonstrated that PGL can inhibit lipid absorption and reduce blood TG and TC by targeting pancreatic lipase,promoting tight-junction protein expression and thereby preventing intestinal mucosa damage from an overload of lipids in the intestine.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2004C109)Key Technology R&D Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2003K02-G6)Agricultural Science and Technology Development of Xi'an City,China(NG200313).
文摘Peel browning of pomegranate fruit is the key problem during storage. The mechanism of it during storage in relation to the technology of the browning control was studied in this paper. The effects of storage temperature, gas component and pH value on peel browning of sweet pomegranate fruit in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. Change in tannin content was measured and the relationship between the activities of ascorbic acid oxidase （AAO）, polypenoloxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT） and peel browning was analysed. The results showed tannin was the basic substance of pomegranate peel browning. The activities of the browning index of peel were correlated positively with AAO, PPO and POD, correlated negatively with CAT activity. Application of intermittent warming for 24 h at （15 ± 0.5）℃ every 5 days for pomegranate fruit storage under the conditions of pH 4.0, （5.0± 0.5）℃ and 5.0% CO2 ＋ 8.0% O2 ＋ 87.0% N2 gas component could delay browning, with the browning index being 0.15 after 120 days of storage. Enzymatic tannin denaturation was the main cause that led to peel browning of pomegranate fruit during storage. The browning control of pomegranate fruit peel was effective using intermittent warming storage with suitable pH, temperature and gas component.
