The issue of microplastic(MPs)pollution has received increased attention in recent years.Studies have indicated that inhalation of microplastics may result in the cardiovascular harm.However,the specific mechanism rem...The issue of microplastic(MPs)pollution has received increased attention in recent years.Studies have indicated that inhalation of microplastics may result in the cardiovascular harm.However,the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,5μm polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)were employed to construct in vivo and in vitro exposure models to investigate the potential mechanisms of microplastic-induced cardiac fibrosis.In vivo model of respiratory exposure to MPs,echocardiography observed a decrease in systolic-diastolic function of the mouse heart,and myocardial tissue showed significant mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and myocardial fibrosis.In vitro models also revealed upregulation of fibrosis indicators in human cardiomyocytes AC16 cells.Transcriptome and RT-qPCR assay exposed that ferroptosis-related pathways were significantly gath-ered in the MPs group,with decreased expression of ferroptosis related genes SLC7A11 and GPX4.Liproxstatin-1(Lip-1),a ferroptosis inhibitor,significantly ameliorated MPs-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis and ferroptosis.We further demonstrated that inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor𝛼(HIF-𝛼)and oxidative stress ameliorated PS-MPs-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis,and thus upregulation of the HIF pathway and oxidative stress may be the upstream mechanism of MPs-induced ferroptosis in myocardial fibrosis.Above all,our study demonstrated that MPs exposure resulted in cardiac fibrosis via the HIF-ROS-SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.展开更多
Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,B...Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,Bukyiende Subcounty in Uganda where he has been cultivating plantain,coffee and Irish potatoes for the past 16 years.展开更多
Molybdenum (VI) complex, namely molybdenum dioxobis(2,4-pentanedione) [MoO2(acac)2] used as epoxidation catalyst species, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectrum. Polystyrene-supp...Molybdenum (VI) complex, namely molybdenum dioxobis(2,4-pentanedione) [MoO2(acac)2] used as epoxidation catalyst species, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectrum. Polystyrene-supported molybdenum dioxobis(2,4-pentanedione) [MoO2(acac)2] for synthesis of epoxycyclohexane was prepared by phase transfer catalysis method. Effects of various factors in synthesis of epoxycyclohexane by reaction of cyclohexene and t-BuOOH in the atmosphere of nitrogen catalyzed by polystyrene-supported MoO2(acac)2 were also investigated. Under the following conditions, n(cyclohexene):n(t-BuOOH)=3.5:l (based on 0.1 mol of t-BuOOH), volume of solvent -10ml, reaction temperature -80℃, reaction time -60min, and mass of molybdenum in the catalyst -2.30×0^(-3)g, the yield of epoxycyclohexane on the basis of t-BuOOH is over 99.5%, and the purity of epoxycyclohexane is about 99.9% by gas chromatogram(GC) analysis.展开更多
Fabrication of superior catalytic performance palladium-based catalysts with affordable cost is the key to develop direct ethanol fuel cell.Herein,Pd-decorated three-dimensional(3D)porous constructed from graphene oxi...Fabrication of superior catalytic performance palladium-based catalysts with affordable cost is the key to develop direct ethanol fuel cell.Herein,Pd-decorated three-dimensional(3D)porous constructed from graphene oxide(GO)and MXene combining with polystyrene(PS)particles as sacrificial templates(Pd/GO-MXene-PS)to elevate the catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation was proposed.The 3D porous interconnected structure of Pd/GO-MXene-PS was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and Brunner−Emmet−Teller(BET).By optimizing the doping ratio of MXene to GO,the mass activity of Pd/GO_(5)-MXene_(5)-PS(2944.0 mA·mg^(−1))was 3.0 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C(950.4 mA·mg^(−1))toward ethanol oxidation in base solution.Meanwhile,the rotating disk electrode(RDE)results demonstrated that Pd/GO5-MXene5-PS had a faster kinetics of ethanol oxidation.The enhanced ethanol oxidation over Pd/GO5-MXene5-PS could attribute to the excellent 3D interconnected porous structure,large surface area,good conductivity and homogeneous Pd distribution.This work provided a new idea for creating 3D porous MXene composite materials in electrocatalysis.展开更多
The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn（Ⅱ） （PS-Sal-Phe-Mn ） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer heads, 2 L-phenylalanine and manganese （Ⅱ） acetate tetrahyrate., The pol...The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn（Ⅱ） （PS-Sal-Phe-Mn ） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer heads, 2 L-phenylalanine and manganese （Ⅱ） acetate tetrahyrate., The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT.IR,, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and ICP-AES. in the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2.cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3）and 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-l-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.展开更多
The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn （ Ⅱ ） （PS-Sal-Glue-Mn） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese （ Ⅱ ）...The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn （ Ⅱ ） （PS-Sal-Glue-Mn） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese （ Ⅱ ） acetate tetrahyrate. The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and 1CP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3） and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.展开更多
Polystyrene-supported selenomethyl-sulfonates have been prepared. These novel reagents were treated with LDA to produce selenium stabilized carbanions, which reacted with alkyl halide and epoxides, followed by selenox...Polystyrene-supported selenomethyl-sulfonates have been prepared. These novel reagents were treated with LDA to produce selenium stabilized carbanions, which reacted with alkyl halide and epoxides, followed by selenoxide syn-elimination, to give E-vinyl sulfones and -hydroxy-substituted-E-vinyl sulfones respectively.展开更多
A novel facile procedure for traceless solid-phase synthesis of 3-substituted isoxazoles in good yields and with excellent purities using polymer-supported vinyl selenide has been developed.
Polystyrene-supported benzyl selenide has been prepared. This novel reagent was treated with LDA to produce a selenium stabilized carbanion, which reacted with alkyl halide, followed by selenoxide syn-elimination, to...Polystyrene-supported benzyl selenide has been prepared. This novel reagent was treated with LDA to produce a selenium stabilized carbanion, which reacted with alkyl halide, followed by selenoxide syn-elimination, to give substituted olefins stereospecificly.展开更多
A polystyrene-bonded stannic chloride catalyst was synthesized by the method of lithium polystyryl combined with stannic chloride. This catalyst is a polymeric organometallic compound containing 0.25 mmol Sn (Ⅳ)/g ca...A polystyrene-bonded stannic chloride catalyst was synthesized by the method of lithium polystyryl combined with stannic chloride. This catalyst is a polymeric organometallic compound containing 0.25 mmol Sn (Ⅳ)/g catalyst. The catalyst showed sufficient stability and catalytic activity in organic reaction such as esterification, acetalation and ketal formation, and it could be reused many times without losing its catalytic activity.展开更多
Non-hygroscopic polystyrene-supported chloroaluminate ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of Merrifield resin with 1- methylimidazole followed by reaction with aluminum chloride. This Lewis acidic ionic liquid...Non-hygroscopic polystyrene-supported chloroaluminate ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of Merrifield resin with 1- methylimidazole followed by reaction with aluminum chloride. This Lewis acidic ionic liquid is environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate. The catalyst is sta^le （as a bench top catalyst） and reusable.展开更多
Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used si...Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.展开更多
Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3...Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.展开更多
The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Z...The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.展开更多
Polystyrene(PS)waste was depolymerized using a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)to increase its caking index.The mechanism of caking index modification was revealed by using Fourier transform infrared spectros...Polystyrene(PS)waste was depolymerized using a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)to increase its caking index.The mechanism of caking index modification was revealed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection,and solid-state^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The crucible coal-blending coking tests were carried out using an industrial coal mixture and the treated-PS with the highest caking index(PS300)or raw PS.Some properties of the resultant cokes were also analyzed.It was demonstrated that the caking index of PS dramatically increased by LTPT;however,exceeding 300℃ did not yield any benefit.The caking index increased due to the formation of the caking components,whose molecules are medium in size,caused by LTPT.Additionally,the coke reactivity index of the coke obtained from the mixture containing PS300 decreased by 5.1%relative to that of the coke made from the mixture with PS and the coke strength after reaction index of the former increased by 7.3% compared with that of the latter,suggesting that the ratio of depolymerized PS used for coal-blending coking could increase relative to that of PS.展开更多
Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morpho...Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morphology simulation with an enhanced agglomerate model to establish a mathematical framework elucidating pore evolution,Pt utilization,and oxygen transport in catalyst layers.Results demonstrate dominant local mass transport resistance governed by three factors:(1)active site density dictating oxygen flux;(2)ionomer film thickness defining shortest transport path;(3)ionomer-to-Pt surface area ratio modulating practical pathway length.At low ionomer-to-carbon(I/C)ratios,limited active sites elevate resistance(Factor 1 dominant).Higher I/C ratios improve the ionomer coverage but eventually thicken ionomer films,degrading transport(Factors 2–3 dominant).The results indicate that larger carbon particles result in a net increase in local transport resistance by reducing external surface area and increasing ionomer thickness.As the proportion of Pt situated in nanopores or the Pt mass fraction increases,elevated Pt density inside the nanopores exacerbates pore blockage.This leads to the increased transport resistance by reducing active sites,and increasing ionomer thickness and surface area.Lower Pt loading linearly intensifies oxygen flux resistance.The model underscores the necessity to optimize support morphology,Pt distribution,and ionomer content to prevent pore blockage while balancing catalytic activity and transport efficiency.These insights provide a systematic approach for designing high-performance mesoporous carbon catalysts.展开更多
The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,...The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ),which are predominant compared with the trivalent species,As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ),in surface waters.Here,we synthesized a novel composite adsorbent,amine-functionalized polystyrene resin loaded with nano TiO_(2)(Am PSd-Ti).The mm-scale spheres showed outstanding adsorption capacities for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),Sb(Ⅲ),and Sb(Ⅴ)at 73.85,153.29,86.80,and 123.71 mg/g,respectively.Am PSd-Ti exhibited selective adsorption for As and Sb in the presence of Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and F^(-).As and Sb were adsorbed by the nano-sized TiO_(2)confined in the porous resin via forming innersphere complexes.The protonated amine groups enhanced the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ)by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding,which was confirmed by experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations.Fixed-bed column tests showed breakthrough curves with adsorption capacities of1.38 mg/g(6600 BV)and 6.65 mg/g(1260 BV)upon treating real As-contaminated groundwater and Sbcontaminated industrial wastewater.Our study highlights a feasible strategy by incorporating inorganic metal oxides into organic polymers to achieve highly efficient removal of As and Sb in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMM...Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073520).
文摘The issue of microplastic(MPs)pollution has received increased attention in recent years.Studies have indicated that inhalation of microplastics may result in the cardiovascular harm.However,the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,5μm polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)were employed to construct in vivo and in vitro exposure models to investigate the potential mechanisms of microplastic-induced cardiac fibrosis.In vivo model of respiratory exposure to MPs,echocardiography observed a decrease in systolic-diastolic function of the mouse heart,and myocardial tissue showed significant mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and myocardial fibrosis.In vitro models also revealed upregulation of fibrosis indicators in human cardiomyocytes AC16 cells.Transcriptome and RT-qPCR assay exposed that ferroptosis-related pathways were significantly gath-ered in the MPs group,with decreased expression of ferroptosis related genes SLC7A11 and GPX4.Liproxstatin-1(Lip-1),a ferroptosis inhibitor,significantly ameliorated MPs-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis and ferroptosis.We further demonstrated that inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor𝛼(HIF-𝛼)and oxidative stress ameliorated PS-MPs-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis,and thus upregulation of the HIF pathway and oxidative stress may be the upstream mechanism of MPs-induced ferroptosis in myocardial fibrosis.Above all,our study demonstrated that MPs exposure resulted in cardiac fibrosis via the HIF-ROS-SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.
文摘Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,Bukyiende Subcounty in Uganda where he has been cultivating plantain,coffee and Irish potatoes for the past 16 years.
基金Supported by the Outstanding Personality Innovation Funds of Henan Province(No.0121001900).
文摘Molybdenum (VI) complex, namely molybdenum dioxobis(2,4-pentanedione) [MoO2(acac)2] used as epoxidation catalyst species, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectrum. Polystyrene-supported molybdenum dioxobis(2,4-pentanedione) [MoO2(acac)2] for synthesis of epoxycyclohexane was prepared by phase transfer catalysis method. Effects of various factors in synthesis of epoxycyclohexane by reaction of cyclohexene and t-BuOOH in the atmosphere of nitrogen catalyzed by polystyrene-supported MoO2(acac)2 were also investigated. Under the following conditions, n(cyclohexene):n(t-BuOOH)=3.5:l (based on 0.1 mol of t-BuOOH), volume of solvent -10ml, reaction temperature -80℃, reaction time -60min, and mass of molybdenum in the catalyst -2.30×0^(-3)g, the yield of epoxycyclohexane on the basis of t-BuOOH is over 99.5%, and the purity of epoxycyclohexane is about 99.9% by gas chromatogram(GC) analysis.
基金financially supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.A30B191410)the Sailing Project from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17YF1406600)+6 种基金Chenguang Project Supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.18CG68)Gaoyuan Discipline of Shanghai-Materials Science and Engineering(No.A30NH221903)the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&Devices(Soochow University)(No.KS2022)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devicesthe Project of Guangdong Provincial Education(No.2020KTSCX131)。
文摘Fabrication of superior catalytic performance palladium-based catalysts with affordable cost is the key to develop direct ethanol fuel cell.Herein,Pd-decorated three-dimensional(3D)porous constructed from graphene oxide(GO)and MXene combining with polystyrene(PS)particles as sacrificial templates(Pd/GO-MXene-PS)to elevate the catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation was proposed.The 3D porous interconnected structure of Pd/GO-MXene-PS was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and Brunner−Emmet−Teller(BET).By optimizing the doping ratio of MXene to GO,the mass activity of Pd/GO_(5)-MXene_(5)-PS(2944.0 mA·mg^(−1))was 3.0 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C(950.4 mA·mg^(−1))toward ethanol oxidation in base solution.Meanwhile,the rotating disk electrode(RDE)results demonstrated that Pd/GO5-MXene5-PS had a faster kinetics of ethanol oxidation.The enhanced ethanol oxidation over Pd/GO5-MXene5-PS could attribute to the excellent 3D interconnected porous structure,large surface area,good conductivity and homogeneous Pd distribution.This work provided a new idea for creating 3D porous MXene composite materials in electrocatalysis.
文摘The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn（Ⅱ） （PS-Sal-Phe-Mn ） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer heads, 2 L-phenylalanine and manganese （Ⅱ） acetate tetrahyrate., The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT.IR,, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and ICP-AES. in the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2.cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3）and 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-l-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.
文摘The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn （ Ⅱ ） （PS-Sal-Glue-Mn） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese （ Ⅱ ） acetate tetrahyrate. The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and 1CP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3） and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.
文摘Polystyrene-supported selenomethyl-sulfonates have been prepared. These novel reagents were treated with LDA to produce selenium stabilized carbanions, which reacted with alkyl halide and epoxides, followed by selenoxide syn-elimination, to give E-vinyl sulfones and -hydroxy-substituted-E-vinyl sulfones respectively.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20562005)NSF of Jiangxi Province for financial support.
文摘A novel facile procedure for traceless solid-phase synthesis of 3-substituted isoxazoles in good yields and with excellent purities using polymer-supported vinyl selenide has been developed.
基金Project 29932020 was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Polystyrene-supported benzyl selenide has been prepared. This novel reagent was treated with LDA to produce a selenium stabilized carbanion, which reacted with alkyl halide, followed by selenoxide syn-elimination, to give substituted olefins stereospecificly.
文摘A polystyrene-bonded stannic chloride catalyst was synthesized by the method of lithium polystyryl combined with stannic chloride. This catalyst is a polymeric organometallic compound containing 0.25 mmol Sn (Ⅳ)/g catalyst. The catalyst showed sufficient stability and catalytic activity in organic reaction such as esterification, acetalation and ketal formation, and it could be reused many times without losing its catalytic activity.
基金the partial support of this study by the Shahrekord University Research Council
文摘Non-hygroscopic polystyrene-supported chloroaluminate ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of Merrifield resin with 1- methylimidazole followed by reaction with aluminum chloride. This Lewis acidic ionic liquid is environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate. The catalyst is sta^le （as a bench top catalyst） and reusable.
基金supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R022-D1)Global Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s/Ph D students and Post-Doc Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00301938)+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (RS-2024-00406152,MSIT)Additional financial support was provided by the 2024 Post-Doc Development Program of Pusan National University,Korea Medical Institute,and KREONET。
文摘Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.
基金Research Institute for Smart Energy(CDB2)the grant from the Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing(CD8Z)+4 种基金the grant from the Carbon Neutrality Funding Scheme(WZ2R)at The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitysupport from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(CD9B,CDBZ and WZ4Q)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205187)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20230807140402006)Start-up Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20230426).
文摘Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.
文摘The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308006 and 22278001)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department(KJ2021A0407).
文摘Polystyrene(PS)waste was depolymerized using a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)to increase its caking index.The mechanism of caking index modification was revealed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection,and solid-state^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The crucible coal-blending coking tests were carried out using an industrial coal mixture and the treated-PS with the highest caking index(PS300)or raw PS.Some properties of the resultant cokes were also analyzed.It was demonstrated that the caking index of PS dramatically increased by LTPT;however,exceeding 300℃ did not yield any benefit.The caking index increased due to the formation of the caking components,whose molecules are medium in size,caused by LTPT.Additionally,the coke reactivity index of the coke obtained from the mixture containing PS300 decreased by 5.1%relative to that of the coke made from the mixture with PS and the coke strength after reaction index of the former increased by 7.3% compared with that of the latter,suggesting that the ratio of depolymerized PS used for coal-blending coking could increase relative to that of PS.
基金supported by the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2023YFB2504200)support of Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.24QB2703200)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202302AH360001).
文摘Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morphology simulation with an enhanced agglomerate model to establish a mathematical framework elucidating pore evolution,Pt utilization,and oxygen transport in catalyst layers.Results demonstrate dominant local mass transport resistance governed by three factors:(1)active site density dictating oxygen flux;(2)ionomer film thickness defining shortest transport path;(3)ionomer-to-Pt surface area ratio modulating practical pathway length.At low ionomer-to-carbon(I/C)ratios,limited active sites elevate resistance(Factor 1 dominant).Higher I/C ratios improve the ionomer coverage but eventually thicken ionomer films,degrading transport(Factors 2–3 dominant).The results indicate that larger carbon particles result in a net increase in local transport resistance by reducing external surface area and increasing ionomer thickness.As the proportion of Pt situated in nanopores or the Pt mass fraction increases,elevated Pt density inside the nanopores exacerbates pore blockage.This leads to the increased transport resistance by reducing active sites,and increasing ionomer thickness and surface area.Lower Pt loading linearly intensifies oxygen flux resistance.The model underscores the necessity to optimize support morphology,Pt distribution,and ionomer content to prevent pore blockage while balancing catalytic activity and transport efficiency.These insights provide a systematic approach for designing high-performance mesoporous carbon catalysts.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230706)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund(Overseas)of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022HWYQ-015)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund(No.tsqn202211039)Qilu Youth Talent Program of Shandong University(No.61440082163171)。
文摘The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ),which are predominant compared with the trivalent species,As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ),in surface waters.Here,we synthesized a novel composite adsorbent,amine-functionalized polystyrene resin loaded with nano TiO_(2)(Am PSd-Ti).The mm-scale spheres showed outstanding adsorption capacities for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),Sb(Ⅲ),and Sb(Ⅴ)at 73.85,153.29,86.80,and 123.71 mg/g,respectively.Am PSd-Ti exhibited selective adsorption for As and Sb in the presence of Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and F^(-).As and Sb were adsorbed by the nano-sized TiO_(2)confined in the porous resin via forming innersphere complexes.The protonated amine groups enhanced the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ)by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding,which was confirmed by experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations.Fixed-bed column tests showed breakthrough curves with adsorption capacities of1.38 mg/g(6600 BV)and 6.65 mg/g(1260 BV)upon treating real As-contaminated groundwater and Sbcontaminated industrial wastewater.Our study highlights a feasible strategy by incorporating inorganic metal oxides into organic polymers to achieve highly efficient removal of As and Sb in real-world scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12027813)the fund of National Innovation Center of Radiation Application of China(Nos.KFZC2020020501,KFZC2021010101).
文摘Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.
