A treatment based on the acetogenin fraction of the methanol extract of Rollinia occidentalis seeds was applied to soybean crops for three consecutive years. In relation to the control population, the treatment reduce...A treatment based on the acetogenin fraction of the methanol extract of Rollinia occidentalis seeds was applied to soybean crops for three consecutive years. In relation to the control population, the treatment reduced the population of Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, Pseudoplusia includens, Loxostege bifidalis and Spodoptera frugiperda to 52% and 65% after 48 h of application at concentrations of 500 and 750 μg/mL respectively, while low toxic effects were detected on natural enemies. The extract treatment at 500 μg/mL and a solution of the annonaceous acetogenin, squamocin, at 50 and 100 μg/mL, were also applied to a corn field to produce 75%, 93% and 100% mortality rates on the population of S. frugiperda, respectively, after 72 h of application. In addition, damages caused by lepidopterans in treated crops were lower than those observed in non treated fields, evaluated by residual biomass. This statement is based on data from trials with the commercially available insecticides lufenuron and cypermethrin.展开更多
Toxic and nutritional effects of annonaceous acetogenins and their semisynthetic analogues on Spodoptera frugiperda were evaluated. Structural modification of the natural ACG, blocking the OH flanking THF with MOM, al...Toxic and nutritional effects of annonaceous acetogenins and their semisynthetic analogues on Spodoptera frugiperda were evaluated. Structural modification of the natural ACG, blocking the OH flanking THF with MOM, allowed us to suggest the mode of action of ACG in the membrane. Our study emphasizes the role of the flanking OH and acetyl groups of THF with the membrane hydrophilic polar head groups. They are essential structural factors in the ACG that facilitate the intermolecular interaction that dehydrates the membrane and makes it potentially toxic against Spodoptera frugiperda.展开更多
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drug...Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drugs.The expression levels of SDR genes are reportedly upregulated in the fenpropathrin(FEN)-resistant(FeR)strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus.However,the functions of these SDR genes in acaricide tolerance remain elusive.In this study,the activity of SDRs was found to be significantly higher(2.26-fold)in the FeR strain compared to the susceptible strain(SS)of T.cinnabarinus.A specific upregulated SDR gene,named SDR112C1,exhibited significant overexpression(3.13-fold)in the FeR population compared with that in the SS population.Furthermore,the expression of SDR112C1 showed a significant increase in the response to FEN induction.Additionally,knockdown of the SDR112C1 gene resulted in decreased SDR activity and reduced mite viability against FEN.Importantly,heterologous expression and in vitro incubation assays confirmed that recombinant SDR112C1 could effectively deplete FEN.Moreover,the overexpression of the SDR112C1 gene in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of FEN to transgenic fruit flies.These findings suggest that the overexpression of SDR SDR112C1 is a crucial factor contributing to FEN tolerance in T.cinnabarinus.This discovery not only enhances our understanding of SDR-mediated acaricide tolerance but also introduces a new family of detoxification enzymes to consider in practice,beyond cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases and glutathione S-transferases.展开更多
Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Prev...Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.展开更多
文摘A treatment based on the acetogenin fraction of the methanol extract of Rollinia occidentalis seeds was applied to soybean crops for three consecutive years. In relation to the control population, the treatment reduced the population of Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, Pseudoplusia includens, Loxostege bifidalis and Spodoptera frugiperda to 52% and 65% after 48 h of application at concentrations of 500 and 750 μg/mL respectively, while low toxic effects were detected on natural enemies. The extract treatment at 500 μg/mL and a solution of the annonaceous acetogenin, squamocin, at 50 and 100 μg/mL, were also applied to a corn field to produce 75%, 93% and 100% mortality rates on the population of S. frugiperda, respectively, after 72 h of application. In addition, damages caused by lepidopterans in treated crops were lower than those observed in non treated fields, evaluated by residual biomass. This statement is based on data from trials with the commercially available insecticides lufenuron and cypermethrin.
文摘Toxic and nutritional effects of annonaceous acetogenins and their semisynthetic analogues on Spodoptera frugiperda were evaluated. Structural modification of the natural ACG, blocking the OH flanking THF with MOM, allowed us to suggest the mode of action of ACG in the membrane. Our study emphasizes the role of the flanking OH and acetyl groups of THF with the membrane hydrophilic polar head groups. They are essential structural factors in the ACG that facilitate the intermolecular interaction that dehydrates the membrane and makes it potentially toxic against Spodoptera frugiperda.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2202202)the National Key Research,Development Program of China(2023YFD1400000)Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum independent project(3GM2022-KTZ06).
文摘Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drugs.The expression levels of SDR genes are reportedly upregulated in the fenpropathrin(FEN)-resistant(FeR)strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus.However,the functions of these SDR genes in acaricide tolerance remain elusive.In this study,the activity of SDRs was found to be significantly higher(2.26-fold)in the FeR strain compared to the susceptible strain(SS)of T.cinnabarinus.A specific upregulated SDR gene,named SDR112C1,exhibited significant overexpression(3.13-fold)in the FeR population compared with that in the SS population.Furthermore,the expression of SDR112C1 showed a significant increase in the response to FEN induction.Additionally,knockdown of the SDR112C1 gene resulted in decreased SDR activity and reduced mite viability against FEN.Importantly,heterologous expression and in vitro incubation assays confirmed that recombinant SDR112C1 could effectively deplete FEN.Moreover,the overexpression of the SDR112C1 gene in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of FEN to transgenic fruit flies.These findings suggest that the overexpression of SDR SDR112C1 is a crucial factor contributing to FEN tolerance in T.cinnabarinus.This discovery not only enhances our understanding of SDR-mediated acaricide tolerance but also introduces a new family of detoxification enzymes to consider in practice,beyond cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases and glutathione S-transferases.
文摘Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.
