Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid ...Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.展开更多
AIM: To determine the role of leukocyte functionassociated antigen-1(LFA-1) in polymicrobial sepsis model in mice.METHODS: Cecal ligation and puncture model was used to study polymicrobial sepsis in wild type and LFA-...AIM: To determine the role of leukocyte functionassociated antigen-1(LFA-1) in polymicrobial sepsis model in mice.METHODS: Cecal ligation and puncture model was used to study polymicrobial sepsis in wild type and LFA-1 knockout(KO)(= CD11 a KO) mice. Their survivals were examined. Neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, bacterial tissue load and bacterial killing by neutrophils, tissue cytokine profiles, and serum cytokines were examined. Apoptosis of tissues was assessed using cleaved-caspase 3 and TUNNEL staining. The recruitment of neutrophils to various tissues was assessed using myeloperoxidase staining or measuring myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS: LFA-1 deficiency significantly decreased survival(P = 0.0024) with the reduction of neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity and higher bacterial load in blood. It was also associated with increased apoptosis in spleen and more organ injuries probed by interleukin-6 m RNA level. However, the deficiency of LFA-1 did not prevent neutrophil recruitment to lung, liver, spleen or kidney, which suggested the existence of LFA-1 independent recruitment mechanism in these organs. CONCLUSION: LFA-1 deficiency did not attenuate neutrophil recruitment to various organs to adequately mitigate secondary tissue injury in sepsis. It was associated with decreased neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, higher bacterial load, leading to increased mortality in an abdominal, polymicrobial sepsis.展开更多
Corneal ulcers may become non-healing if inappropriately managed. Empirically giving broad spectrum antibiotics or prescription of a “cocktail” of topical antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral medication may only ...Corneal ulcers may become non-healing if inappropriately managed. Empirically giving broad spectrum antibiotics or prescription of a “cocktail” of topical antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral medication may only add to drug toxicity and drug resistance. We present a series of four cases of microbial keratitis which are complicated due to presence of more than one causative organism. Microbiological work-up revealed Proteus species and fungal hyphae in smears only in the first case, atypical Mycobacteria and Staphyloccocus species in the second case, Moraxella and Streptococcus viridans in the third case and Aspergillus flavus and Nocardia species in the fourth case. Authors would like to emphasize the need for laboratory support in the treatment of corneal ulcers and importance of proper management of this sight threatening disease.展开更多
Genital ulceration is the loss of integrity of the mucous membranes (or genital skin) leaving the dermis uncovered and almost always accompanied by satellite lymphadenopathies. Beyond a month of evolution, it is said ...Genital ulceration is the loss of integrity of the mucous membranes (or genital skin) leaving the dermis uncovered and almost always accompanied by satellite lymphadenopathies. Beyond a month of evolution, it is said to be chronic. Sexually transmitted diseases are infections due to microbial agents among which parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi that can be associated with each other to varying degrees. Sexually transmitted infections must be mentioned before any genital ulceration. Hence the interest of the case that we report of chronic anogenital ulcerations complicating a polymicrobial pelvic infection in a patient immunocompromised to HIV. The physical examination reveals a hypogastric sensitivity to deep palpation, the presence of a superinfected anogenital ulceration exposing the deep dermis covered with purulent serosities interesting the labia minora, the posterior vaginal fork, the anal region, the clitoris and an extension of the lesions to the gluteal fold is observed. We found a satellite lymphadenopathy in the right inguinal fold. The screening finds the HIV1 positive serology with a viral load of 28,000 copies, the herpes simplex 1&2 and Chlamydia trachomatis serologies were all positive. The genital samples are marked by the presence of bacterial vaginosis with Candida Albicans and Gardnerella Vaginalis, the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas of the Ureaplasma Urealyticum The pelvic ultrasound was in favor of a bilateral adnexitis. A protocol was put in place: the first step consisted of seat baths, antifungi and antibiotics administration: fluconazole 150 mg and tinidazole 2 g in single doses, then josamycin 1 g/24h in two doses per os for two weeks. The second stage consists of the administration of doxycycline 200 mg for 21 days, Aciclovir 500 mg for 10 days, and the administration of ARV (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir) or one tablet daily. The evolution is marked by a progressive healing of the clitoris, the labia majora and labia minora, the posterior vaginal fork. In case of chronicity, a biopsy in search of a tumor process is not mandatory when there is a satisfactory response to treatment and good healing. The patient’s death two weeks after the beginning of ARV treatment, can be explained by a probable immune reconstitution syndrome.展开更多
Renewed studies of chronic infection have shifted the focus from single pathogens to multi-microbial communities as culture-independent techniques reveal complex consortia of microbes associated with chronic disease.D...Renewed studies of chronic infection have shifted the focus from single pathogens to multi-microbial communities as culture-independent techniques reveal complex consortia of microbes associated with chronic disease.Despite a general acceptance that some chronic diseases are caused by mixed microbial communities,areas of research exploring community interactions as they relate to the alteration of virulence are still in the early stages.Members of the NIH Human Microbiome Project have been actively characterizing the microbial communities of the skin,nasal,oral,gastrointestinal,and urogenital cavities of healthy adults.Concomitantly,several independent studies have begun to characterize the oral,nasal,sinus,upper and lower respiratory microbiomes in healthy and diseased human tissue.The interactions among the members of these polymicrobial communities have not been thoroughly explored and it is clear there is a need to identify the functional interactions that drive population-level virulence if new therapeutic approaches to chronic disease are to be developed.For example,multiple studies have examined the role of quorum sensing(QS)in microbial virulence,and QS antagonists are being developed and tested as novel therapeutics.Other potential targets include the Gram-negative type III signaling system(T3SS),type IV pili,and two component regulatory systems(TCRS).Initial results from these studies indicate limited efficacy in vivo,further suggesting that the interactions in a heterogeneous community are complex and poorly understood.If progress is to be made in the development of more effective treatments for chronic diseases,a better understanding of the composition and functional interactions that occur within multi-microbial communities must be developed.展开更多
Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year o...Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year on dialy-sis, the reported overall rate of PD associated infection is 0.24-1.66 episodes/patient/year. It is estimated that for every 0.5-per-year increase in peritonitis rate, the risk of death increases by 4% and 18% of the episodes resulted in removal of the PD catheter and 3.5% re-sulted in death. Improved diagnosis, increased aware-ness of causative agents in addition to other measures will facilitate prompt management of PD associated infection and salvage of PD modality. The aims of this review are to determine the magnitude of the infection problem, identify possible risk factors and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of PD as-sociated infection. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphy-lococcus epidermidis , other coagulase negative staphy-lococcoci, and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus ） are the most frequent aetiological agents of PD-associated peritonitis worldwide. Empiric antibiotic therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organ-isms. However, use of systemic vancomycin and cip-rofoxacin administration for example, is a simple and efficient first-line protocol antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis - success rate of 77%. However, for fungal PD peritonitis, it is now standard practice to remove PD catheters in addition to antifungal treatment for a minimum of 3 wk and subsequent transfer to hemodi-alysis. To prevent PD associated infections, prophylactic antibiotic administration before catheter placement, adequate patient training, exit-site care, and treatment for S. aureus nasal carriage should be employed. Mupi-rocin treatment can reduce the risk of exit site infection by 46% but it cannot decrease the risk of peritonitis due to all organisms.展开更多
BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surge...BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surgery.This report raises awareness among dermatologists that when a patient is clinically suspected of a special type of pathogenic infection,the mNGS method should be preferred to identify the patient’s pathogen infection as soon as possible and then take effective treatment in time to save patients’lives.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male who worked in the aquatic market complained of redness and swelling of the lower limbs,blisters and ulcers with fever for 3 d.We used mNGS to test the pathogens in ulcer secretions.The results were returned in 24 h and indicated:V.vulnificus,Fusobacterium necrophorum,Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Klebsiella aerogenes.This patient was diagnosed with V.vulnificus infection.The emergency operation was performed immediately under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia:Left leg expansion and exploration(August 10,2021).After surgery,we continued to use piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium 4.5 g every 8 h and levofloxacin 0.5 g for anti-infection treatment.The patient underwent further surgery under lumbar anesthesia on August 17,2021 and August 31,2021:Left leg deactivation and skin grafting,negative pressure closed drainage and right thigh skin removal.After treatment,the transplanted flap survived.CONCLUSION We could confirm the diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus infection within 24 h through mNGS detection and then immediately performed emergency surgery.展开更多
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common maladies afflicting the human population globally. A wide variety of microbial pathogens are responsible for causing UTIs that are often recurrent, especially ...Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common maladies afflicting the human population globally. A wide variety of microbial pathogens are responsible for causing UTIs that are often recurrent, especially in the elderly population, resulting in an economic burden of billions of dollars annually. In this study, we present data from a large population of symptomatic UTI patients tested using a multiplexed, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) strategy. Our data demonstrate that instances of UTI increase with age for all the tested pathogens, with the exception of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp., which were found to be significantly higher in the younger population. Furthermore, the use of the qRT-PCR approach was also found to be effective in detecting polymicrobial UTIs. With the limitations of classical microbial culture techniques traditionally used for UTI diagnosis, we demonstrate that a rapid and comprehensive technique like RT-PCR can be an effective tool for detecting and managing UTIs.展开更多
Commensal enterococci with pathogenic potential often facilitate the growth of diverse pathogens,thereby exacerbating infections.However,there are few effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and intervene in enter...Commensal enterococci with pathogenic potential often facilitate the growth of diverse pathogens,thereby exacerbating infections.However,there are few effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and intervene in enterococci-mediated polymicrobial infections.Here,we find that enterococci at high density drive the expansion and pathogenicity of enteric Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium(S.Tm).Subsequently,we show that the driving role of enterococci in such infections is counteracted by dietary coumarin glycosides in vivo.Enterococci,which are tolerant of iron-deficient environments,produceβ-glucosidases to hydrolyze coumarin glycosides into bioactive aglycones,inhibiting S.Tm growth and ameliorating the severity of S.Tm-induced symptoms by inducing iron limitation.Overall,we demonstrate that coumarin glycosides as a common diet effectively reverse enterococci-facilitated enteric infections,providing an alternative intervention to combat polymicrobial infections.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596,32071549)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02062)+2 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(2021C02069-5-2)Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2023S003)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project of Ningbo University(HZ202404)。
文摘Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.
基金Supported by CHMC Anesthesia Foundation(Soriano SG and Yuki K)William F.Milton Fund(Yuki K)BCH Endowed Chair in Pediatric Neuroanesthesia(Soriano SG)
文摘AIM: To determine the role of leukocyte functionassociated antigen-1(LFA-1) in polymicrobial sepsis model in mice.METHODS: Cecal ligation and puncture model was used to study polymicrobial sepsis in wild type and LFA-1 knockout(KO)(= CD11 a KO) mice. Their survivals were examined. Neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, bacterial tissue load and bacterial killing by neutrophils, tissue cytokine profiles, and serum cytokines were examined. Apoptosis of tissues was assessed using cleaved-caspase 3 and TUNNEL staining. The recruitment of neutrophils to various tissues was assessed using myeloperoxidase staining or measuring myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS: LFA-1 deficiency significantly decreased survival(P = 0.0024) with the reduction of neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity and higher bacterial load in blood. It was also associated with increased apoptosis in spleen and more organ injuries probed by interleukin-6 m RNA level. However, the deficiency of LFA-1 did not prevent neutrophil recruitment to lung, liver, spleen or kidney, which suggested the existence of LFA-1 independent recruitment mechanism in these organs. CONCLUSION: LFA-1 deficiency did not attenuate neutrophil recruitment to various organs to adequately mitigate secondary tissue injury in sepsis. It was associated with decreased neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, higher bacterial load, leading to increased mortality in an abdominal, polymicrobial sepsis.
文摘Corneal ulcers may become non-healing if inappropriately managed. Empirically giving broad spectrum antibiotics or prescription of a “cocktail” of topical antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral medication may only add to drug toxicity and drug resistance. We present a series of four cases of microbial keratitis which are complicated due to presence of more than one causative organism. Microbiological work-up revealed Proteus species and fungal hyphae in smears only in the first case, atypical Mycobacteria and Staphyloccocus species in the second case, Moraxella and Streptococcus viridans in the third case and Aspergillus flavus and Nocardia species in the fourth case. Authors would like to emphasize the need for laboratory support in the treatment of corneal ulcers and importance of proper management of this sight threatening disease.
文摘Genital ulceration is the loss of integrity of the mucous membranes (or genital skin) leaving the dermis uncovered and almost always accompanied by satellite lymphadenopathies. Beyond a month of evolution, it is said to be chronic. Sexually transmitted diseases are infections due to microbial agents among which parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi that can be associated with each other to varying degrees. Sexually transmitted infections must be mentioned before any genital ulceration. Hence the interest of the case that we report of chronic anogenital ulcerations complicating a polymicrobial pelvic infection in a patient immunocompromised to HIV. The physical examination reveals a hypogastric sensitivity to deep palpation, the presence of a superinfected anogenital ulceration exposing the deep dermis covered with purulent serosities interesting the labia minora, the posterior vaginal fork, the anal region, the clitoris and an extension of the lesions to the gluteal fold is observed. We found a satellite lymphadenopathy in the right inguinal fold. The screening finds the HIV1 positive serology with a viral load of 28,000 copies, the herpes simplex 1&2 and Chlamydia trachomatis serologies were all positive. The genital samples are marked by the presence of bacterial vaginosis with Candida Albicans and Gardnerella Vaginalis, the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas of the Ureaplasma Urealyticum The pelvic ultrasound was in favor of a bilateral adnexitis. A protocol was put in place: the first step consisted of seat baths, antifungi and antibiotics administration: fluconazole 150 mg and tinidazole 2 g in single doses, then josamycin 1 g/24h in two doses per os for two weeks. The second stage consists of the administration of doxycycline 200 mg for 21 days, Aciclovir 500 mg for 10 days, and the administration of ARV (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir) or one tablet daily. The evolution is marked by a progressive healing of the clitoris, the labia majora and labia minora, the posterior vaginal fork. In case of chronicity, a biopsy in search of a tumor process is not mandatory when there is a satisfactory response to treatment and good healing. The patient’s death two weeks after the beginning of ARV treatment, can be explained by a probable immune reconstitution syndrome.
文摘Renewed studies of chronic infection have shifted the focus from single pathogens to multi-microbial communities as culture-independent techniques reveal complex consortia of microbes associated with chronic disease.Despite a general acceptance that some chronic diseases are caused by mixed microbial communities,areas of research exploring community interactions as they relate to the alteration of virulence are still in the early stages.Members of the NIH Human Microbiome Project have been actively characterizing the microbial communities of the skin,nasal,oral,gastrointestinal,and urogenital cavities of healthy adults.Concomitantly,several independent studies have begun to characterize the oral,nasal,sinus,upper and lower respiratory microbiomes in healthy and diseased human tissue.The interactions among the members of these polymicrobial communities have not been thoroughly explored and it is clear there is a need to identify the functional interactions that drive population-level virulence if new therapeutic approaches to chronic disease are to be developed.For example,multiple studies have examined the role of quorum sensing(QS)in microbial virulence,and QS antagonists are being developed and tested as novel therapeutics.Other potential targets include the Gram-negative type III signaling system(T3SS),type IV pili,and two component regulatory systems(TCRS).Initial results from these studies indicate limited efficacy in vivo,further suggesting that the interactions in a heterogeneous community are complex and poorly understood.If progress is to be made in the development of more effective treatments for chronic diseases,a better understanding of the composition and functional interactions that occur within multi-microbial communities must be developed.
文摘Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year on dialy-sis, the reported overall rate of PD associated infection is 0.24-1.66 episodes/patient/year. It is estimated that for every 0.5-per-year increase in peritonitis rate, the risk of death increases by 4% and 18% of the episodes resulted in removal of the PD catheter and 3.5% re-sulted in death. Improved diagnosis, increased aware-ness of causative agents in addition to other measures will facilitate prompt management of PD associated infection and salvage of PD modality. The aims of this review are to determine the magnitude of the infection problem, identify possible risk factors and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of PD as-sociated infection. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphy-lococcus epidermidis , other coagulase negative staphy-lococcoci, and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus ） are the most frequent aetiological agents of PD-associated peritonitis worldwide. Empiric antibiotic therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organ-isms. However, use of systemic vancomycin and cip-rofoxacin administration for example, is a simple and efficient first-line protocol antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis - success rate of 77%. However, for fungal PD peritonitis, it is now standard practice to remove PD catheters in addition to antifungal treatment for a minimum of 3 wk and subsequent transfer to hemodi-alysis. To prevent PD associated infections, prophylactic antibiotic administration before catheter placement, adequate patient training, exit-site care, and treatment for S. aureus nasal carriage should be employed. Mupi-rocin treatment can reduce the risk of exit site infection by 46% but it cannot decrease the risk of peritonitis due to all organisms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82173437and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2020A15150875.
文摘BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surgery.This report raises awareness among dermatologists that when a patient is clinically suspected of a special type of pathogenic infection,the mNGS method should be preferred to identify the patient’s pathogen infection as soon as possible and then take effective treatment in time to save patients’lives.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male who worked in the aquatic market complained of redness and swelling of the lower limbs,blisters and ulcers with fever for 3 d.We used mNGS to test the pathogens in ulcer secretions.The results were returned in 24 h and indicated:V.vulnificus,Fusobacterium necrophorum,Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Klebsiella aerogenes.This patient was diagnosed with V.vulnificus infection.The emergency operation was performed immediately under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia:Left leg expansion and exploration(August 10,2021).After surgery,we continued to use piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium 4.5 g every 8 h and levofloxacin 0.5 g for anti-infection treatment.The patient underwent further surgery under lumbar anesthesia on August 17,2021 and August 31,2021:Left leg deactivation and skin grafting,negative pressure closed drainage and right thigh skin removal.After treatment,the transplanted flap survived.CONCLUSION We could confirm the diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus infection within 24 h through mNGS detection and then immediately performed emergency surgery.
文摘Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common maladies afflicting the human population globally. A wide variety of microbial pathogens are responsible for causing UTIs that are often recurrent, especially in the elderly population, resulting in an economic burden of billions of dollars annually. In this study, we present data from a large population of symptomatic UTI patients tested using a multiplexed, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) strategy. Our data demonstrate that instances of UTI increase with age for all the tested pathogens, with the exception of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp., which were found to be significantly higher in the younger population. Furthermore, the use of the qRT-PCR approach was also found to be effective in detecting polymicrobial UTIs. With the limitations of classical microbial culture techniques traditionally used for UTI diagnosis, we demonstrate that a rapid and comprehensive technique like RT-PCR can be an effective tool for detecting and managing UTIs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1801600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230106).
文摘Commensal enterococci with pathogenic potential often facilitate the growth of diverse pathogens,thereby exacerbating infections.However,there are few effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and intervene in enterococci-mediated polymicrobial infections.Here,we find that enterococci at high density drive the expansion and pathogenicity of enteric Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium(S.Tm).Subsequently,we show that the driving role of enterococci in such infections is counteracted by dietary coumarin glycosides in vivo.Enterococci,which are tolerant of iron-deficient environments,produceβ-glucosidases to hydrolyze coumarin glycosides into bioactive aglycones,inhibiting S.Tm growth and ameliorating the severity of S.Tm-induced symptoms by inducing iron limitation.Overall,we demonstrate that coumarin glycosides as a common diet effectively reverse enterococci-facilitated enteric infections,providing an alternative intervention to combat polymicrobial infections.
