Mature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma,extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization.The success of this process is an important factor that limits output.The flavonoid conten...Mature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma,extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization.The success of this process is an important factor that limits output.The flavonoid content increased signi ficantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth,which suggests it may play an important role in these processes.However,the speci fi c mechanism of this involvement has been little researched.Our previous research found that hyperoside can prolong the flowering period of Abelmoschus esculentus(okra),but its speci fic mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,in this study,we focused on the effect of hyperoside in regulating the actin-depolymerizing factor(ADF),which further affects the germination and growth of pollen.We found that hyperoside can prolong the effective pollination period of okra by 2-3-fold and promote the growth of pollen tubes in the style.Then,we used Nicotiana benthamiana cells as a research system and found that hyperoside accelerates the depolymerization of intercellular micro fi laments.Hyperoside can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro.Moreover,AeADFl was identi fied out of all AeADF genes as being highly expressed in pollen tubes in response to hyperoside.In addition,hyperoside promoted AeADF1-mediated micro filament dissipation according to micro filament severing experiments in vitro.In the pollen tube,the gene expression of AeADFl was reduced to 1/5 by oligonucleotide transfection.The decrease in the expression level of AeADFl partially reduced the promoting effect of hyperoside on pollen germination and pollen tube growth.This research provides new research directions for flavonoids in reproductive development.展开更多
One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer accepto...One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer acceptors. Here, two ladder-type heteroheptacene-containing small-molecule acceptors with branched 2-octyldodecyl or 2-hexyldecyl side-chains are synthesized and polymerized with the thiophene co-monomer to afford polymer acceptors (PW-OD and PW-HD) with strong near-infrared absorption. Experimental results reveal that the alkyl chain length has a large impact on the molecular packing behavior of the resulting polymers, which in turn affects their light-absorbing and charge transport properties, and thus the photovoltaic performance of the final devices. When blended with the polymer donor PM6, PW-HD-based all-PSCs deliver a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12% compared to the PCE of 6.47% for the PW-OD-based all-PSCs, mainly due to its more ordered inter-chain packing and more favorable blend morphology. This work provides a promising building block for the development of high-performance narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors and highlights the importance of side-chain substitution in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of polymer acceptors.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoin...To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer(PET-RAFT)polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well-defined structures.However,conventional semiconductor-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment.Herein,sulfur-doped carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET-RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h-1.The resulting polymers have well-controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion(Ð<1.10).Based on the optoelectronic characterizations,we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization.In addition,as-synthesized CPDs for PET-RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources(blue/green/solar irradiation),numerous monomers,low catalyst loading(low as 0.01 mg mL^(-1)),and multiple polar solvent environments,all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor-mediated methods.Finally,the CPDs were confirmed to be non-cytotoxic and catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media,indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.展开更多
Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based ...Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and s...Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.展开更多
The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers...The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.展开更多
Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors....Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.展开更多
Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a b...Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a binary nanophotocatalyst fabricated by blending two polymers,PS-PEG5(PS)and PBT-PEG5(PBT),with matched absorption and emission spectra,enabling a Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process for enhanced photocatalysis.These heterostructure nanophotocatalysts are processed using a facile and scalable flash nanoprecipitation(FNP)technique with precious kinetic control over binary nanoparticle formation.The resulting nanoparticles exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 65 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),2.5 times higher than that single component nanoparticles.Characterizations through fluorescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm the hetero-energy transfer within the binary nanoparticles,which prolongs the excited-state lifetime and extends the namely“effective exciton diffusion length”.Our finding opens new avenues for designing efficient organic photocatalysts by improving exciton migration.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side react...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.展开更多
In this study,the effects of different salinity gradients and addition of compatible solutes on anaerobic treated effluent water qualities,sludge characteristics and microbial communities were investigated.The increas...In this study,the effects of different salinity gradients and addition of compatible solutes on anaerobic treated effluent water qualities,sludge characteristics and microbial communities were investigated.The increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in particle size of the granular sludge,which was concentrated in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm.The content of EPS(extracellular polymeric substances)in the granular sludge gradually increased with increasing salinity and the addition of betaine(a typical compatible solute).Meanwhile,the microbial community structure was significantly affected by salinity,with high salinity reducing the diversity of bacteria.At higher salinity,Patescibacteria and Proteobacteria gradually became the dominant phylum,with relative abundance increasing to 13.53%and 12.16%at 20 g/L salinity.Desulfobacterota and its subordinate Desulfovibrio,which secrete EPS in large quantities,dominated significantly after betaine addition.Their relative abundance reached 13.65%and 7.86%at phylum level and genus level.The effect of these changes on the treated effluent was shown as the average chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate decreased from 82.10%to 79.71%,78.01%,68.51%and 64.55%when the salinity gradually increased from 2 g/L to 6,10,16 and 20 g/L.At the salinity of 20 g/L,average COD removal increased to 71.65%by the addition of 2 mmol/L betaine.The gradient elevated salinity and the exogenous addition of betaine played an important role in achieving stability of the anaerobic system in a highly saline environment,which provided a feasible strategy for anaerobic treatment of organic saline wastewater.展开更多
Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration eff...Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.展开更多
To prepare a conductive polymer actuator with decent performance,a self-built experimental platform for the preparation of polypyrrole film is employed.One of the essential goals is to examine the mechanical character...To prepare a conductive polymer actuator with decent performance,a self-built experimental platform for the preparation of polypyrrole film is employed.One of the essential goals is to examine the mechanical characteristics of the actuator in the presence of various combinations of process parameters,combined with the orthogonal test method of"four factors and three levels".The bending and sensing characteristics of actuators of various sizes are methodically examined using a self-made bending polypyrrole actuator.The functional relationship between the bending displacement and the output voltage signal is established by studying the characteristics of the actuator sensor subjected to various degrees of bending.The experimental results reveal that the bending displacement of the actuator tip almost exhibits a linear variation as a function of length and width.When the voltage reaches 0.8 V,the bending speed of the actuator tends to be stable.Finally,the mechanical properties of the self-assembled polypyrrole actuator are verified by the design and fabrication of the microgripper.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of h...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of high-temperature treatments has introduced uncertainties regarding the compositions and microstructures of resulting derivatives.Additionally,complete carbonization has led to diminished yields of the produced carbon composites,significantly limiting their practical applications.Consequently,the exploration of pristine MOF-based EMW absorbers presents an intriguing yet challenging endeavor,primarily due to inherently low electrical conductivity.In this study,we showcase the utilization of structurally robust Zr-MOFs as scaffolds to build highly conductive Zr-MOF/PPy composites via an inner-outer dual-modification approach,which involves the production of conducting polypyrrole(PPy)both within the confined nanoporous channels and the external surface of Zr-MOFs via post-synthetic modification.The interconnection of confined PPy and surface-lined PPy together leads to a consecutive and extensive conducting network to the maximum extent.This therefore entails outstanding conductivity up to~14.3 S cm^(-1) in Zr-MOF/PPy composites,which is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that for conductive MOF nanocomposites constructed from either inner or outer modification.Benefiting from the strong and tunable conduction loss,as well as the induced dielectric polarization originated from the porous structures and MOF-polymer interfaces,Zr-MOF/PPy exhibits excellent microwave attenuation capabilities and a tunable absorption frequency range.Specifically,with only 15 wt.%loading,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)can reach up to-67.4 dB,accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)extending to 6.74 GHz.Furthermore,the microwave absorption characteristics can be tailored from the C-band to the Ku-band by adjusting the loading of PPy.This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of conductive MOF composites by presenting a straightforward pathway to enhance and reg-ulate electrical conduction in MOF-based nanocomposites,thus paving a way to facilely fabricate pristine MOF-based microwave absorbers.展开更多
Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to...Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to achieve efficient separation and to break the Robson upper bound.This paper reviews the progress of facilitated transport membranes research regarding polymer materials,principles,and problems faced at this stage.Firstly,we briefly introduce the transport mechanism of the facilitated transport membranes.Then the research progress of several major polymers used for facilitated transport membranes for CO_(2)/N_(2) separation was presented in the past five years.Additionally,we analyze the primary challenges of facilitated transport membranes,including the influence of water,the effect of temperature,the saturation effect of the carrier,and the process configuration.Finally,we also delve into the challenges and competitiveness of facilitated transport membranes.展开更多
CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pe...CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.展开更多
A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses the...A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.展开更多
Conductive polymer foam(CPF)with excellent compressibility and variable resistance has promising applications in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and other integrated functions for wearable electronics.Howev...Conductive polymer foam(CPF)with excellent compressibility and variable resistance has promising applications in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and other integrated functions for wearable electronics.However,its insufficient change amplitude of resistance with compressive strain generally leads to a degradation of shielding performance during deformation.Here,an innovative loading strategy of conductive materials on polymer foam is proposed to significantly increase the contact probability and contact area of conductive components under compression.Unique inter-skeleton conductive films are constructed by loading alginate-decorated magnetic liquid metal on the polymethacrylate films hanged between the foam skeleton(denoted as AMLM-PM foam).Traditional point contact between conductive skeletons under compression is upgraded to planar contact between conductive films.Therefore,the resistance change of AMLM-PM reaches four orders of magnitude under compression.Moreover,the inter-skeleton conductive films can improve the mechanical strength of foam,prevent the leakage of liquid metal and increase the scattering area of EM wave.AMLM-PM foam has strain-adaptive EMI shielding performance and shows compression-enhanced shielding effectiveness,solving the problem of traditional CPFs upon compression.The upgrade of resistance response also enables foam to achieve sensitive pressure sensing over a wide pressure range and compression-regulated Joule heating function.展开更多
基金The auth ors gratefully ack no wledge the fi nan cial supp ort of the"Nati onal Key R&D Program of China"(2019YFD1000605-1)"The National Natural Science Foun dati on of Ch ina"(31922058)+3 种基金"Outsta nding Young Tale nt Fund in Beij ing Forestry University"(2019JQ03009)"The National Natural Science Foundation of China"(31800509),(31901281),(31930076)"The 111 Project"(B20088)"Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program"(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘Mature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma,extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization.The success of this process is an important factor that limits output.The flavonoid content increased signi ficantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth,which suggests it may play an important role in these processes.However,the speci fi c mechanism of this involvement has been little researched.Our previous research found that hyperoside can prolong the flowering period of Abelmoschus esculentus(okra),but its speci fic mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,in this study,we focused on the effect of hyperoside in regulating the actin-depolymerizing factor(ADF),which further affects the germination and growth of pollen.We found that hyperoside can prolong the effective pollination period of okra by 2-3-fold and promote the growth of pollen tubes in the style.Then,we used Nicotiana benthamiana cells as a research system and found that hyperoside accelerates the depolymerization of intercellular micro fi laments.Hyperoside can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro.Moreover,AeADFl was identi fied out of all AeADF genes as being highly expressed in pollen tubes in response to hyperoside.In addition,hyperoside promoted AeADF1-mediated micro filament dissipation according to micro filament severing experiments in vitro.In the pollen tube,the gene expression of AeADFl was reduced to 1/5 by oligonucleotide transfection.The decrease in the expression level of AeADFl partially reduced the promoting effect of hyperoside on pollen germination and pollen tube growth.This research provides new research directions for flavonoids in reproductive development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130306,22075287 and 22101285)the Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01515)the Program of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021299).
文摘One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer acceptors. Here, two ladder-type heteroheptacene-containing small-molecule acceptors with branched 2-octyldodecyl or 2-hexyldecyl side-chains are synthesized and polymerized with the thiophene co-monomer to afford polymer acceptors (PW-OD and PW-HD) with strong near-infrared absorption. Experimental results reveal that the alkyl chain length has a large impact on the molecular packing behavior of the resulting polymers, which in turn affects their light-absorbing and charge transport properties, and thus the photovoltaic performance of the final devices. When blended with the polymer donor PM6, PW-HD-based all-PSCs deliver a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12% compared to the PCE of 6.47% for the PW-OD-based all-PSCs, mainly due to its more ordered inter-chain packing and more favorable blend morphology. This work provides a promising building block for the development of high-performance narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors and highlights the importance of side-chain substitution in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of polymer acceptors.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.22035001 and No.52233005.
文摘To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer(PET-RAFT)polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well-defined structures.However,conventional semiconductor-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment.Herein,sulfur-doped carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET-RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h-1.The resulting polymers have well-controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion(Ð<1.10).Based on the optoelectronic characterizations,we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization.In addition,as-synthesized CPDs for PET-RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources(blue/green/solar irradiation),numerous monomers,low catalyst loading(low as 0.01 mg mL^(-1)),and multiple polar solvent environments,all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor-mediated methods.Finally,the CPDs were confirmed to be non-cytotoxic and catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media,indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.
基金supported by the GRDC(Global Research Development Center)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00257595).
文摘Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171623 and 31770548)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFD0800306 and 2017YFD0800305).
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104082)Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2024-ZJ-911).
文摘The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233001,51927805,and 52173110)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2023ZKZD07)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1401200)。
文摘Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22338006,92356301,9235630033 and 22375062)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(21JC1401700)+4 种基金Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-10)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesShanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1402400)“Chenguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(22CGA32)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001).
文摘Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a binary nanophotocatalyst fabricated by blending two polymers,PS-PEG5(PS)and PBT-PEG5(PBT),with matched absorption and emission spectra,enabling a Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process for enhanced photocatalysis.These heterostructure nanophotocatalysts are processed using a facile and scalable flash nanoprecipitation(FNP)technique with precious kinetic control over binary nanoparticle formation.The resulting nanoparticles exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 65 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),2.5 times higher than that single component nanoparticles.Characterizations through fluorescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm the hetero-energy transfer within the binary nanoparticles,which prolongs the excited-state lifetime and extends the namely“effective exciton diffusion length”.Our finding opens new avenues for designing efficient organic photocatalysts by improving exciton migration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102241042)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810093)+1 种基金the Startup Research of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.231817001)the Key Innovation Projects for Postgraduates of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.24331712)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.
基金supported by the Guangdong Special Support ProgramProject(No.2021JC060580)the Foshan Innovation Team Project(No.2130218003140).
文摘In this study,the effects of different salinity gradients and addition of compatible solutes on anaerobic treated effluent water qualities,sludge characteristics and microbial communities were investigated.The increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in particle size of the granular sludge,which was concentrated in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm.The content of EPS(extracellular polymeric substances)in the granular sludge gradually increased with increasing salinity and the addition of betaine(a typical compatible solute).Meanwhile,the microbial community structure was significantly affected by salinity,with high salinity reducing the diversity of bacteria.At higher salinity,Patescibacteria and Proteobacteria gradually became the dominant phylum,with relative abundance increasing to 13.53%and 12.16%at 20 g/L salinity.Desulfobacterota and its subordinate Desulfovibrio,which secrete EPS in large quantities,dominated significantly after betaine addition.Their relative abundance reached 13.65%and 7.86%at phylum level and genus level.The effect of these changes on the treated effluent was shown as the average chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate decreased from 82.10%to 79.71%,78.01%,68.51%and 64.55%when the salinity gradually increased from 2 g/L to 6,10,16 and 20 g/L.At the salinity of 20 g/L,average COD removal increased to 71.65%by the addition of 2 mmol/L betaine.The gradient elevated salinity and the exogenous addition of betaine played an important role in achieving stability of the anaerobic system in a highly saline environment,which provided a feasible strategy for anaerobic treatment of organic saline wastewater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92367107)。
文摘Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Chinal(No.2021JJ60012)。
文摘To prepare a conductive polymer actuator with decent performance,a self-built experimental platform for the preparation of polypyrrole film is employed.One of the essential goals is to examine the mechanical characteristics of the actuator in the presence of various combinations of process parameters,combined with the orthogonal test method of"four factors and three levels".The bending and sensing characteristics of actuators of various sizes are methodically examined using a self-made bending polypyrrole actuator.The functional relationship between the bending displacement and the output voltage signal is established by studying the characteristics of the actuator sensor subjected to various degrees of bending.The experimental results reveal that the bending displacement of the actuator tip almost exhibits a linear variation as a function of length and width.When the voltage reaches 0.8 V,the bending speed of the actuator tends to be stable.Finally,the mechanical properties of the self-assembled polypyrrole actuator are verified by the design and fabrication of the microgripper.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2232023D-01 and 2232023D-07)the Shanghai Science&Technology Committee(No.22ZR1403300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372040).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of high-temperature treatments has introduced uncertainties regarding the compositions and microstructures of resulting derivatives.Additionally,complete carbonization has led to diminished yields of the produced carbon composites,significantly limiting their practical applications.Consequently,the exploration of pristine MOF-based EMW absorbers presents an intriguing yet challenging endeavor,primarily due to inherently low electrical conductivity.In this study,we showcase the utilization of structurally robust Zr-MOFs as scaffolds to build highly conductive Zr-MOF/PPy composites via an inner-outer dual-modification approach,which involves the production of conducting polypyrrole(PPy)both within the confined nanoporous channels and the external surface of Zr-MOFs via post-synthetic modification.The interconnection of confined PPy and surface-lined PPy together leads to a consecutive and extensive conducting network to the maximum extent.This therefore entails outstanding conductivity up to~14.3 S cm^(-1) in Zr-MOF/PPy composites,which is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that for conductive MOF nanocomposites constructed from either inner or outer modification.Benefiting from the strong and tunable conduction loss,as well as the induced dielectric polarization originated from the porous structures and MOF-polymer interfaces,Zr-MOF/PPy exhibits excellent microwave attenuation capabilities and a tunable absorption frequency range.Specifically,with only 15 wt.%loading,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)can reach up to-67.4 dB,accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)extending to 6.74 GHz.Furthermore,the microwave absorption characteristics can be tailored from the C-band to the Ku-band by adjusting the loading of PPy.This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of conductive MOF composites by presenting a straightforward pathway to enhance and reg-ulate electrical conduction in MOF-based nanocomposites,thus paving a way to facilely fabricate pristine MOF-based microwave absorbers.
文摘Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to achieve efficient separation and to break the Robson upper bound.This paper reviews the progress of facilitated transport membranes research regarding polymer materials,principles,and problems faced at this stage.Firstly,we briefly introduce the transport mechanism of the facilitated transport membranes.Then the research progress of several major polymers used for facilitated transport membranes for CO_(2)/N_(2) separation was presented in the past five years.Additionally,we analyze the primary challenges of facilitated transport membranes,including the influence of water,the effect of temperature,the saturation effect of the carrier,and the process configuration.Finally,we also delve into the challenges and competitiveness of facilitated transport membranes.
基金project was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130401)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104055,52374058)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2021ME171,ZR2024YQ043)。
文摘CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(2021R1A2C1014294,2022R1A2C3003319)the BK21 FOUR(Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea.
文摘A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YBF3501304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222106,52371171,51971008,52121001)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(2212033).
文摘Conductive polymer foam(CPF)with excellent compressibility and variable resistance has promising applications in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and other integrated functions for wearable electronics.However,its insufficient change amplitude of resistance with compressive strain generally leads to a degradation of shielding performance during deformation.Here,an innovative loading strategy of conductive materials on polymer foam is proposed to significantly increase the contact probability and contact area of conductive components under compression.Unique inter-skeleton conductive films are constructed by loading alginate-decorated magnetic liquid metal on the polymethacrylate films hanged between the foam skeleton(denoted as AMLM-PM foam).Traditional point contact between conductive skeletons under compression is upgraded to planar contact between conductive films.Therefore,the resistance change of AMLM-PM reaches four orders of magnitude under compression.Moreover,the inter-skeleton conductive films can improve the mechanical strength of foam,prevent the leakage of liquid metal and increase the scattering area of EM wave.AMLM-PM foam has strain-adaptive EMI shielding performance and shows compression-enhanced shielding effectiveness,solving the problem of traditional CPFs upon compression.The upgrade of resistance response also enables foam to achieve sensitive pressure sensing over a wide pressure range and compression-regulated Joule heating function.
