Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelli...Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.展开更多
Theoretical and experimental research has been performed on the interaction curves and stress paths of crystalline polymeric materials PE and POM under tensile-torsional stress with a linearly intensifying model and i...Theoretical and experimental research has been performed on the interaction curves and stress paths of crystalline polymeric materials PE and POM under tensile-torsional stress with a linearly intensifying model and in terms of the yield points undergoing Von Mises criterion.展开更多
Pyroptosis,an immunogenic form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins,1,2 has recently emerged as a transformative strategy in cancer therapy.3 Unlike apoptosis,which is immunologically silent,pyropto...Pyroptosis,an immunogenic form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins,1,2 has recently emerged as a transformative strategy in cancer therapy.3 Unlike apoptosis,which is immunologically silent,pyroptosis provokes robust antitumor immunity through the release of tumor antigens,damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),and proinflammatory cytokines,thereby converting immunologically cold tumors into hot ones.4 The critical challenge,however,lies in controlling where and when pyroptosis occurs to maximize tumor specificity and minimize systemic toxicity.A growing body of work now suggests that the subcellular site at which pyroptosis is initialized may critically shape its immunological outcome.Recent progress in polymer nanotechnology has enabled spatiotemporal control over organellespecific stress,creating new opportunities to fine-tune pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
In this work,we report a facile and efficient supramolecular strategy for the construction of colortunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymeric materials(TADF PMs)through host–vip complexation.Consequ...In this work,we report a facile and efficient supramolecular strategy for the construction of colortunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymeric materials(TADF PMs)through host–vip complexation.Consequently,new kinds of TADF PMs exhibiting multicolor emissions were constructed conveniently by mixing a calix[3]acridan-modified polymer and various commercially available receptors.This emergent TADF property was attributed to the formation of the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions between the macrocyclic donor in the polymer and the vip acceptors.Moreover,multicolor emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of up to 40%were achieved readily by tailoring the vips with different electron-withdrawing abilities.Further,we found that the TADF PMs could be prepared readily on a large scale with good processability;thus,the approach could achieve potential application on rewritable advanced information encryption.Therefore,this work not only develops an efficient supramolecular strategy to design and construct color-tunable TADF PMs but also offers a new perspective for their practical applications in materials science.展开更多
Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has bec...Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern.There is a need to distinguish leather(animal origin)from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel(PU,faux leather,etc.)and agro-product-driven vegan materials,which are also sold in the market as leather.For this purpose,this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen(the skin-making protein)as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest.A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis.It is reasonably concluded that the signature AmideⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢbands of collagen occurring at 1600,1500,and 1200 cm^(-1)could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon,and the Amide A band at 3200 cm^(-1),forms the basis for differentiation from nylon.In essence,the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust,easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.展开更多
To minimize the environmental pollution caused by polymeric waste,materials based dynamic chemistry have attracted extensive attention around the world.Various dynamic covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions have b...To minimize the environmental pollution caused by polymeric waste,materials based dynamic chemistry have attracted extensive attention around the world.Various dynamic covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions have been employed to design multifunctional polymers with recyclability,reprocessablility,and sustainability.Among them,polymers based on reversible boron–oxygen(B–O)bonds have been widely investigated because of their unique properties.Particularly,lots of scientists have demonstrated that the combination with boron–nitrogen(B–N)coordination can effectively accelerate the dynamicity as well as enhance the stability of B–O bonds.Therefore,numerous polymers containing dynamic B–O bonds with dative B–N coordination have been designed and synthesized in recent years.These polymers exhibit excellent versatility and great potential for diverse applications such as biosensors,battery electrolytes,and artificial skins.This review provides an overview of the comprehensive influence of dynamic B–N coordination chemistry on B–O bonds in organoboron species and highlights the developments in the area of constructing boron‐containing polymeric materials with this interesting linkage.The design guidelines,existing challenges,and future perspectives in this burgeoning field are discussed and proposed.展开更多
Mechanical performances are among the most fundamental properties that dictate the applicability and durability of polymeric materials.Reinforcement of polymeric materials is eternally pursued to broaden the applicati...Mechanical performances are among the most fundamental properties that dictate the applicability and durability of polymeric materials.Reinforcement of polymeric materials is eternally pursued to broaden the applications of polymers with light-weight,low-cost and easy-processing advantages.Noncovalent aggregates of biomacromolecules have been found to play a significant role in the mechanical properties of many natural materials,such as the spider silk.Increasing numbers of reports have demonstrated that the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains in polymeric systems are highly effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of artificial polymeric materials,in terms of strength,stiffness,toughness,and/or elasticity.The in situ formed noncovalent aggregates act as additional crosslinking domains and well-dispersed“hard”nanofillers in the polymer networks,significantly strengthening,stiffening and/or toughening the polymeric materials.Moreover,the noncovalent crosslinking of polymer chains favors the development of healable and recyclable polymeric materials,thanks to the reversible and dynamic properties of noncovalent bonds.This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of different polymeric materials by the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains.It is expected to arouse inspirations for the development of novel polymeric materials with extraordinary mechanical performances and functionalities.展开更多
Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has bec...Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern.There is a need to distinguish leather(animal origin)from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel(PU,faux leather,etc.)and agro-product-driven vegan materials,which are also sold in the market as leather.For this purpose,this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen(the skin-making protein)as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest.A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis.It is reasonably concluded that the signature AmideⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢbands of collagen occurring at 1600,1500,and 1200 cm^(-1)could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon,and the Amide A band at 3200 cm^(-1),forms the basis for differentiation from nylon.In essence,the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust,easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.F...Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next-generationmanufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors,actuators,robots,electronics,and medical devices.However,the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing.Different from traditional processing,the physical properties,such as geometry and rheological behavior,of the polymericmaterialsmust match the printing process,making the selection of printable materials limited.More importantly,challenges in large-scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry.In this review,we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology.The reports are classified based on functionalities,including electronic conductive,thermally conductive,electromagnetic interference shielding,energy storage,and energy harvesting materials.This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices,also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.展开更多
A novel polymeric reaction monomer (NPRM) for preparing highly fluorescent rare earth polymer materials was synthesized via interface and coordinating reaction. The composition and structure of the NPRM and intermedia...A novel polymeric reaction monomer (NPRM) for preparing highly fluorescent rare earth polymer materials was synthesized via interface and coordinating reaction. The composition and structure of the NPRM and intermediate product (ligand) were characterized through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (13CNMR), Mass spectra (MS), and element analysis data. The results showed that the composition and structure of NPRM agreed with that of anticipated product. The NPRM was composed of two important sections. Section 1 was able to provide excellent fluorescent properties for final rare earth polymer material through the effect energy transfer between ligand and rare earth ion; Section 2 would endow with the NPRM excellent polymeric active and form highly fluorescent rare earth polymer material. Fluorescent properties of the NPRM were also researched via a CARY ECLIPSE fluorescent spectrometer. The results showed that the NPRM possessed excellent luminescent properties. The corresponding emission peaks based on the 5D0→7F1(601.6 nm), 5D0→7F2(625.0 nm), 5D0→7F3(660.5 nm) and 5D0→7F4(706.3 nm) transitions for Eu3+ were observed. The strongest emission peak was at 625 nm, which belonged to 5D0→7F2 transition.展开更多
Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to...Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to achieve efficient separation and to break the Robson upper bound.This paper reviews the progress of facilitated transport membranes research regarding polymer materials,principles,and problems faced at this stage.Firstly,we briefly introduce the transport mechanism of the facilitated transport membranes.Then the research progress of several major polymers used for facilitated transport membranes for CO_(2)/N_(2) separation was presented in the past five years.Additionally,we analyze the primary challenges of facilitated transport membranes,including the influence of water,the effect of temperature,the saturation effect of the carrier,and the process configuration.Finally,we also delve into the challenges and competitiveness of facilitated transport membranes.展开更多
Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to b...Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to be a powerful and versatile tool to modulate cell behavior.In this review,we summarized recent advances and future trends in the field of intracellular polymerization,specifically focusing on covalent and supramolecular polymerization.This discussion comprehensively covers the diverse chemical designs,reaction mechanisms,responsive features,and functional applications.Furthermore,we also clarified the connection between preliminary design of polymer synthesis and their subsequent biological applications.We hope this review will serve as an innovative platform for chemists and biologists to regulate biological functions in practical applications and clinical trials.展开更多
Capsaicin-containing polymer materials with functional structure were successfully prepared by simple free radical poly-merization of capsaicin functional monomers(Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP))with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.Compar...Capsaicin-containing polymer materials with functional structure were successfully prepared by simple free radical poly-merization of capsaicin functional monomers(Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP))with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.Compared with pure capsaicin polymer,the adsorption content of the obtained Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)increased by more than 3 times,which has huge potential research value.The composition and morphology of Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)before and after adsorption were analyzed using XRD,FT-IR,XPS,SEM and TEM.The mechanism of the adsorption process was summarized,through the study of the optimal molar ratio of reactants,acid-base environment,adsorption model fitting,characterization data results,and pollutant competition experiments.The following conclusions can be drawn:1)The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better matches the adsorption kinetics of partial Cr(VI).2)Part of the restored Cr(III)is trapped by specific groups on Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)and part of the Cr(III)is released back into solution.3)The adsorption mechanism includes ion exchange,coordination and chemical bonding.4)The highest adsorp-tion capacity of the polymeric material was up to 370.59 mg/g when the molar ratio of reactants was AMTHBA:NVP=2:8.This work not only provides ideas for the synthesis of capsaicin structural and functional polymers,but also provides inspiration for wastewater treatment measures.展开更多
Benefiting from the low cost and high abundance of potassium resources,K-based batteries have attracted numerous research interest as a more sustainable battery chemist,particularly when considering the enormous deman...Benefiting from the low cost and high abundance of potassium resources,K-based batteries have attracted numerous research interest as a more sustainable battery chemist,particularly when considering the enormous demand for sustainable energy storage while limiting Li sources for Li-based batteries.However,the much larger size of the K-ion usually leads to the serious electrodes'volumetric expansion with rapid capacity fading,making the pursuit of electrodes for potassium storage with high capacity and high stability a significant challenge.The polymer electrode materials have been considered promising materials to address these issues due to their porous characteristics,insolubility in electrolytes,and flexible structural design at a molecular level.In this review,we outline the recent advancements in redox-active polymer electrodes,including anode and cathode,materials for K-based batteries,including crystalline porous coordination polymers,crystalline covalent organic polymers,amorphous polymers,and polymer composites.We discuss the electrode designs,electrochemical performances,and K-ion storage mechanism,with a focus on their structure-function correlations.With this knowledge,we propose the perspectives and challenges in designing advanced polymer electrode materials for K-based batteries.We expect this review will shed light on the further development of reliable polymer electrode materials.展开更多
Effective detection of cellular microenvironments and understanding of physiological activities in living cells remain a considerable challenge.In recent years,fluore scence(or Forster)resonance energy trans fe r(FRET...Effective detection of cellular microenvironments and understanding of physiological activities in living cells remain a considerable challenge.In recent years,fluore scence(or Forster)resonance energy trans fe r(FRET)technology has emerged as a valuable method for real-time imaging of intracellular environment with high sensitivity,specificity and spatial resolution.Particularly,polymer-based imaging systems show enhanced stability,improved biodistribution,increased dye payloads,and amplified signal/noise ratio compared with small molecular sensors.This review summarizes the recent progress in FRET-based polymeric systems for probing the physiological environments in cells.展开更多
In order to study the influence of temperature on compressive strength of polymer grouting material,the compression specimen injection mold is self-made,and the uniaxial compressive test was carried out in the tempera...In order to study the influence of temperature on compressive strength of polymer grouting material,the compression specimen injection mold is self-made,and the uniaxial compressive test was carried out in the temperature control box under different temperatures.The change regularity of compressive strength of polymer grouting material under different temperatures and the law of volume changes of polymer samples were obtained.The experimental results show that：the compressive strength of polymer material increases with the increase of density;the temperature change has a certain influence on the compressive strength of polymer grouting material;the compressive strength decreases with temperature increases under the same density,but the compressive strength is not significantly affected by temperature when the density is less than 0.4 g/cm3;the volume change of the samples accords with the law of thermal expansion and contraction when temperature changes,and the increase of the volume is obvious when it is under high temperature.The achievements will provide an important basis to the application of the polymer grouting material.展开更多
Eco-toxicity investigation of polymer materials was considered extremely necessary for their potential menace,which was widely use as mulching materials in agricultural.In this study,polyethylene(PE),polystyrene(PS)an...Eco-toxicity investigation of polymer materials was considered extremely necessary for their potential menace,which was widely use as mulching materials in agricultural.In this study,polyethylene(PE),polystyrene(PS)and synthetic biomaterials-Ecoflex and cellulose were applying into soil cultivated with two potential indicator plants species:oat(A v ena sati v a)and red radish(Raphanus sativum).Variety of chemical,biochemical parameters and enzyme activity in soil were proved as effective approach to evaluate polymers phytotoxicity in plant-soil mesocosm.The F-value of biomass,pH,heavy metal and electoral conductivity of Raphanus behaved significant different from T0.Significant analysis results indicated biodegradation was fast in PE than PS,besides,heavy metals were dramatically decrease in the end implied the plant absorption may help decrease heavy metal toxicity.The increase value at T2 of Dehydrogenase activity(0.84 higher than average value for Avena&0.91 higher for Raphanus),Metabolic Index(3.12 higher than average value for Avena&3.81 higher for Raphanus)means during soil enzyme activity was promoted by biodegradation for its heterotrophic organisms’energy transportation was stimulated.Statistics analysis was carried on Biplot PC1(24.2%of the total variance),PC2(23.2%of the total variance),versus PC3(22.8%of the total variance),which indicated phosphatase activity and metabolic index was significant correlated,and high correlation of ammonium and protease activity.Furthermore,the effects were more evident in Raphanus treatments than in Avena,suggesting the higher sensitivity of Raphanus to polymers treatment,which indicate biodegradation of polymers in Raphanus treatment has produced intermediate phytotoxic compounds.展开更多
To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious materia...To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum（CS）. The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.展开更多
Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of ...Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22103025,51833003,22173030,21975073,and 51621002).
文摘Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.
文摘Theoretical and experimental research has been performed on the interaction curves and stress paths of crystalline polymeric materials PE and POM under tensile-torsional stress with a linearly intensifying model and in terms of the yield points undergoing Von Mises criterion.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3814600 to B.L.C.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grants(82225044 to Y.G.W.,82522084 to B.L.C.)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z240028 to Y.G.W.)Beijing Nova Program(20250484828 to B.L.C.).
文摘Pyroptosis,an immunogenic form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins,1,2 has recently emerged as a transformative strategy in cancer therapy.3 Unlike apoptosis,which is immunologically silent,pyroptosis provokes robust antitumor immunity through the release of tumor antigens,damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),and proinflammatory cytokines,thereby converting immunologically cold tumors into hot ones.4 The critical challenge,however,lies in controlling where and when pyroptosis occurs to maximize tumor specificity and minimize systemic toxicity.A growing body of work now suggests that the subcellular site at which pyroptosis is initialized may critically shape its immunological outcome.Recent progress in polymer nanotechnology has enabled spatiotemporal control over organellespecific stress,creating new opportunities to fine-tune pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22371277,22171272,and 22031010)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS+1 种基金grant no.XDB0520302)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(grant no.2021035).
文摘In this work,we report a facile and efficient supramolecular strategy for the construction of colortunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymeric materials(TADF PMs)through host–vip complexation.Consequently,new kinds of TADF PMs exhibiting multicolor emissions were constructed conveniently by mixing a calix[3]acridan-modified polymer and various commercially available receptors.This emergent TADF property was attributed to the formation of the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions between the macrocyclic donor in the polymer and the vip acceptors.Moreover,multicolor emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of up to 40%were achieved readily by tailoring the vips with different electron-withdrawing abilities.Further,we found that the TADF PMs could be prepared readily on a large scale with good processability;thus,the approach could achieve potential application on rewritable advanced information encryption.Therefore,this work not only develops an efficient supramolecular strategy to design and construct color-tunable TADF PMs but also offers a new perspective for their practical applications in materials science.
基金CSIR-CLRI for funding this work under CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute OLP-2318.
文摘Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern.There is a need to distinguish leather(animal origin)from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel(PU,faux leather,etc.)and agro-product-driven vegan materials,which are also sold in the market as leather.For this purpose,this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen(the skin-making protein)as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest.A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis.It is reasonably concluded that the signature AmideⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢbands of collagen occurring at 1600,1500,and 1200 cm^(-1)could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon,and the Amide A band at 3200 cm^(-1),forms the basis for differentiation from nylon.In essence,the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust,easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21631006,21771100,22271139Central University Basic Research Fund of China,Grant/Award Number:020514380281。
文摘To minimize the environmental pollution caused by polymeric waste,materials based dynamic chemistry have attracted extensive attention around the world.Various dynamic covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions have been employed to design multifunctional polymers with recyclability,reprocessablility,and sustainability.Among them,polymers based on reversible boron–oxygen(B–O)bonds have been widely investigated because of their unique properties.Particularly,lots of scientists have demonstrated that the combination with boron–nitrogen(B–N)coordination can effectively accelerate the dynamicity as well as enhance the stability of B–O bonds.Therefore,numerous polymers containing dynamic B–O bonds with dative B–N coordination have been designed and synthesized in recent years.These polymers exhibit excellent versatility and great potential for diverse applications such as biosensors,battery electrolytes,and artificial skins.This review provides an overview of the comprehensive influence of dynamic B–N coordination chemistry on B–O bonds in organoboron species and highlights the developments in the area of constructing boron‐containing polymeric materials with this interesting linkage.The design guidelines,existing challenges,and future perspectives in this burgeoning field are discussed and proposed.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFC1105401National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:21935004。
文摘Mechanical performances are among the most fundamental properties that dictate the applicability and durability of polymeric materials.Reinforcement of polymeric materials is eternally pursued to broaden the applications of polymers with light-weight,low-cost and easy-processing advantages.Noncovalent aggregates of biomacromolecules have been found to play a significant role in the mechanical properties of many natural materials,such as the spider silk.Increasing numbers of reports have demonstrated that the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains in polymeric systems are highly effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of artificial polymeric materials,in terms of strength,stiffness,toughness,and/or elasticity.The in situ formed noncovalent aggregates act as additional crosslinking domains and well-dispersed“hard”nanofillers in the polymer networks,significantly strengthening,stiffening and/or toughening the polymeric materials.Moreover,the noncovalent crosslinking of polymer chains favors the development of healable and recyclable polymeric materials,thanks to the reversible and dynamic properties of noncovalent bonds.This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of different polymeric materials by the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains.It is expected to arouse inspirations for the development of novel polymeric materials with extraordinary mechanical performances and functionalities.
基金CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute OLP-2318.
文摘Leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and longevity.In the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern.There is a need to distinguish leather(animal origin)from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel(PU,faux leather,etc.)and agro-product-driven vegan materials,which are also sold in the market as leather.For this purpose,this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen(the skin-making protein)as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest.A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis.It is reasonably concluded that the signature AmideⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢbands of collagen occurring at 1600,1500,and 1200 cm^(-1)could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon,and the Amide A band at 3200 cm^(-1),forms the basis for differentiation from nylon.In essence,the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust,easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next-generationmanufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors,actuators,robots,electronics,and medical devices.However,the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing.Different from traditional processing,the physical properties,such as geometry and rheological behavior,of the polymericmaterialsmust match the printing process,making the selection of printable materials limited.More importantly,challenges in large-scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry.In this review,we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology.The reports are classified based on functionalities,including electronic conductive,thermally conductive,electromagnetic interference shielding,energy storage,and energy harvesting materials.This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices,also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.
基金the Development Programof Science &Technology of Tianjin (06TXTJJC14400)
文摘A novel polymeric reaction monomer (NPRM) for preparing highly fluorescent rare earth polymer materials was synthesized via interface and coordinating reaction. The composition and structure of the NPRM and intermediate product (ligand) were characterized through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (13CNMR), Mass spectra (MS), and element analysis data. The results showed that the composition and structure of NPRM agreed with that of anticipated product. The NPRM was composed of two important sections. Section 1 was able to provide excellent fluorescent properties for final rare earth polymer material through the effect energy transfer between ligand and rare earth ion; Section 2 would endow with the NPRM excellent polymeric active and form highly fluorescent rare earth polymer material. Fluorescent properties of the NPRM were also researched via a CARY ECLIPSE fluorescent spectrometer. The results showed that the NPRM possessed excellent luminescent properties. The corresponding emission peaks based on the 5D0→7F1(601.6 nm), 5D0→7F2(625.0 nm), 5D0→7F3(660.5 nm) and 5D0→7F4(706.3 nm) transitions for Eu3+ were observed. The strongest emission peak was at 625 nm, which belonged to 5D0→7F2 transition.
文摘Facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture are one of the technologies to achieve efficient and large-scale capture.The central principle is to utilize the affinity of CO_(2) for the carrier to achieve efficient separation and to break the Robson upper bound.This paper reviews the progress of facilitated transport membranes research regarding polymer materials,principles,and problems faced at this stage.Firstly,we briefly introduce the transport mechanism of the facilitated transport membranes.Then the research progress of several major polymers used for facilitated transport membranes for CO_(2)/N_(2) separation was presented in the past five years.Additionally,we analyze the primary challenges of facilitated transport membranes,including the influence of water,the effect of temperature,the saturation effect of the carrier,and the process configuration.Finally,we also delve into the challenges and competitiveness of facilitated transport membranes.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA0915300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233012,22405212 and22471219)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21821001)。
文摘Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to be a powerful and versatile tool to modulate cell behavior.In this review,we summarized recent advances and future trends in the field of intracellular polymerization,specifically focusing on covalent and supramolecular polymerization.This discussion comprehensively covers the diverse chemical designs,reaction mechanisms,responsive features,and functional applications.Furthermore,we also clarified the connection between preliminary design of polymer synthesis and their subsequent biological applications.We hope this review will serve as an innovative platform for chemists and biologists to regulate biological functions in practical applications and clinical trials.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.U22A20112)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.522CXTD520)the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2021GXJS029).
文摘Capsaicin-containing polymer materials with functional structure were successfully prepared by simple free radical poly-merization of capsaicin functional monomers(Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP))with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.Compared with pure capsaicin polymer,the adsorption content of the obtained Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)increased by more than 3 times,which has huge potential research value.The composition and morphology of Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)before and after adsorption were analyzed using XRD,FT-IR,XPS,SEM and TEM.The mechanism of the adsorption process was summarized,through the study of the optimal molar ratio of reactants,acid-base environment,adsorption model fitting,characterization data results,and pollutant competition experiments.The following conclusions can be drawn:1)The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better matches the adsorption kinetics of partial Cr(VI).2)Part of the restored Cr(III)is trapped by specific groups on Poly(AMTHBA-co-NVP)and part of the Cr(III)is released back into solution.3)The adsorption mechanism includes ion exchange,coordination and chemical bonding.4)The highest adsorp-tion capacity of the polymeric material was up to 370.59 mg/g when the molar ratio of reactants was AMTHBA:NVP=2:8.This work not only provides ideas for the synthesis of capsaicin structural and functional polymers,but also provides inspiration for wastewater treatment measures.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022B1515020001,2024A1515010277)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22109052,52202221)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(No.2024A04J3899)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.21624410)。
文摘Benefiting from the low cost and high abundance of potassium resources,K-based batteries have attracted numerous research interest as a more sustainable battery chemist,particularly when considering the enormous demand for sustainable energy storage while limiting Li sources for Li-based batteries.However,the much larger size of the K-ion usually leads to the serious electrodes'volumetric expansion with rapid capacity fading,making the pursuit of electrodes for potassium storage with high capacity and high stability a significant challenge.The polymer electrode materials have been considered promising materials to address these issues due to their porous characteristics,insolubility in electrolytes,and flexible structural design at a molecular level.In this review,we outline the recent advancements in redox-active polymer electrodes,including anode and cathode,materials for K-based batteries,including crystalline porous coordination polymers,crystalline covalent organic polymers,amorphous polymers,and polymer composites.We discuss the electrode designs,electrochemical performances,and K-ion storage mechanism,with a focus on their structure-function correlations.With this knowledge,we propose the perspectives and challenges in designing advanced polymer electrode materials for K-based batteries.We expect this review will shed light on the further development of reliable polymer electrode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51873118,21474064,51203101)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.51425305)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering。
文摘Effective detection of cellular microenvironments and understanding of physiological activities in living cells remain a considerable challenge.In recent years,fluore scence(or Forster)resonance energy trans fe r(FRET)technology has emerged as a valuable method for real-time imaging of intracellular environment with high sensitivity,specificity and spatial resolution.Particularly,polymer-based imaging systems show enhanced stability,improved biodistribution,increased dye payloads,and amplified signal/noise ratio compared with small molecular sensors.This review summarizes the recent progress in FRET-based polymeric systems for probing the physiological environments in cells.
文摘In order to study the influence of temperature on compressive strength of polymer grouting material,the compression specimen injection mold is self-made,and the uniaxial compressive test was carried out in the temperature control box under different temperatures.The change regularity of compressive strength of polymer grouting material under different temperatures and the law of volume changes of polymer samples were obtained.The experimental results show that：the compressive strength of polymer material increases with the increase of density;the temperature change has a certain influence on the compressive strength of polymer grouting material;the compressive strength decreases with temperature increases under the same density,but the compressive strength is not significantly affected by temperature when the density is less than 0.4 g/cm3;the volume change of the samples accords with the law of thermal expansion and contraction when temperature changes,and the increase of the volume is obvious when it is under high temperature.The achievements will provide an important basis to the application of the polymer grouting material.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.4197071831,41630645,41573126 and 41703115)the National Special Environ-mental Protection Foundation for Technology Exploit of China(No.2014EG166135).
文摘Eco-toxicity investigation of polymer materials was considered extremely necessary for their potential menace,which was widely use as mulching materials in agricultural.In this study,polyethylene(PE),polystyrene(PS)and synthetic biomaterials-Ecoflex and cellulose were applying into soil cultivated with two potential indicator plants species:oat(A v ena sati v a)and red radish(Raphanus sativum).Variety of chemical,biochemical parameters and enzyme activity in soil were proved as effective approach to evaluate polymers phytotoxicity in plant-soil mesocosm.The F-value of biomass,pH,heavy metal and electoral conductivity of Raphanus behaved significant different from T0.Significant analysis results indicated biodegradation was fast in PE than PS,besides,heavy metals were dramatically decrease in the end implied the plant absorption may help decrease heavy metal toxicity.The increase value at T2 of Dehydrogenase activity(0.84 higher than average value for Avena&0.91 higher for Raphanus),Metabolic Index(3.12 higher than average value for Avena&3.81 higher for Raphanus)means during soil enzyme activity was promoted by biodegradation for its heterotrophic organisms’energy transportation was stimulated.Statistics analysis was carried on Biplot PC1(24.2%of the total variance),PC2(23.2%of the total variance),versus PC3(22.8%of the total variance),which indicated phosphatase activity and metabolic index was significant correlated,and high correlation of ammonium and protease activity.Furthermore,the effects were more evident in Raphanus treatments than in Avena,suggesting the higher sensitivity of Raphanus to polymers treatment,which indicate biodegradation of polymers in Raphanus treatment has produced intermediate phytotoxic compounds.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574055)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20170540143)
文摘To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum（CS）. The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21575114 and 21475104)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No. 16JS114)
文摘Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.
