Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductiv...Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.展开更多
The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experim...The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.展开更多
Untreated water environments encourage the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms,which pose a significant risk to human health and sustainable development.Antimicrobial technologies in advanced photothermal materials...Untreated water environments encourage the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms,which pose a significant risk to human health and sustainable development.Antimicrobial technologies in advanced photothermal materials offer a promising alternative strategy for solving water disinfection challenges.This technology effectively destroys bacterial biofilms by designing materials with controlled photothermal properties.Despite the potential of this technology,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the application of photothermal materials in water disinfection.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the research and application of photothermal materials in water disinfection.It focuses on composites in photothermal materials,elucidates their basic mechanisms and sterilization properties,and provides a systematic and detailed overview of their recent progress in the field.The goal of this review is to offer insights into the future design of photothermal materials and to propose strategies for their practical application in disinfection processes.展开更多
Flexible electronic skin(E-skin)sensors offer innovative solutions for detecting human body signals,enabling human-machine interactions and advancing the development of intelligent robotics.Electrospun nanofibers are ...Flexible electronic skin(E-skin)sensors offer innovative solutions for detecting human body signals,enabling human-machine interactions and advancing the development of intelligent robotics.Electrospun nanofibers are particularly wellsuited for E-skin applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties,tunable breathability,and lightweight nature.Nanofiber-based composite materials consist of three-dimensional structures that integrate one-dimensional polymer nanofibers with other functional materials,enabling efficient signal conversion and positioning them as an ideal platform for next-generation intelligent electronics.Here,this review begins with an overview of electrospinning technology,including far-field electrospinning,near-field electrospinning,and melt electrospinning.It also discusses the diverse morphologies of electrospun nanofibers,such as core-shell,porous,hollow,bead,Janus,and ribbon structure,as well as strategies for incorporating functional materials to enhance nanofiber performance.Following this,the article provides a detailed introduction to electrospun nanofiber-based composite materials(i.e.,nanofiber/hydrogel,nanofiber/aerogel,nanofiber/metal),emphasizing their recent advancements in monitoring physical,physiological,body fluid,and multi-signal in human signal detection.Meanwhile,the review explores the development of multimodal sensors capable of responding to diverse stimuli,focusing on innovative strategies for decoupling multiple signals and their state-of-the-art advancements.Finally,current challenges are analyzed,while future prospects for electrospun nanofiber-based composite sensors are outlined.This review aims to advance the design and application of next-generation flexible electronics,fostering breakthroughs in multifunctional sensing and health monitoring technologies.展开更多
Composites made from biopolymers and natural fibers are gaining popularity as alternative sustainable structural materials.Biopolyesters including polylactic acid(PLA),polybutylene succinate(PBS),and polyhydroxyalkano...Composites made from biopolymers and natural fibers are gaining popularity as alternative sustainable structural materials.Biopolyesters including polylactic acid(PLA),polybutylene succinate(PBS),and polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA),when mixed with natural fibers such as kenaf,hemp,and jute,provide an environmentally acceptable alternative to traditional fossil-based materials.This article examines current research on developments in the integration of biopolymers with natural fibers,with a focus on enhancing mechanical,thermal,and sustainability.Innovative approaches to surface treatment of natural fibers,such as biological and chemical treatments,have demonstrated enhanced adhesion with biopolymer matrices,increasing attributes such as tensile strength and rigidity.Furthermore,nano filling technologies such as nanocellulose and nanoparticles have improved the attributes of multifunctional composites,including heat conductivity and moisture resistance.According to performance analysis,biopolymernatural fiber-based composites may compete with synthetic composites in construction applications,particularly in lightweight buildings and automobiles.However,significant issues such as degradation in humid settings and longtermendurancemust be solved.To support a circular economy,solutions involve the development ofmoisture-resistant polymers and composite recycling technology.This article examines current advancements and identifies problems and opportunities to provide insight into the future direction of more inventive and sustainable biocomposites,and also the dangers they pose to green technology and industrial materials.These findings are significant in terms of the development of building materials which are not only competitive but also contribute to global sustainability.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure c...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure carbon materials still have the disadvantage of low theoretical capacity.New design and preparation strategies for carbon-based composites can overcome the problems.Based on the analysis of Na^(+)storage mechanism of carbon-based composite materials,the factors influencing the performance of SIBs are discussed.Adjustment methods for improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes are evaluated in detail,including carbon skeleton design and composite material selection.Some advanced composite materials,i.e.,carbon-conversion composite and carbon-MXene composite,are also being explored.New advances in flexible electrodes based on carbon-based composite on flexible SIBs is investigated.The existing issues and future issues of carbon-based composite materials are discussed.展开更多
In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applic...In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.展开更多
A solid,fast-dissolving sodium silicate was used as an alkaline activator.Granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS),metakaolin(MK),and steel slag(SS)were used as the cementious components to prepare a ternary composite ceme...A solid,fast-dissolving sodium silicate was used as an alkaline activator.Granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS),metakaolin(MK),and steel slag(SS)were used as the cementious components to prepare a ternary composite cementitious material known as alkali-activated steel slag composite cementitious material(ASCM)by the"one-step method".The impacts of cementitious components,alkali activator modulus,and Na_(2)O%on the mechanical strength were investigated,and the hydration products and hydration kinetics of ASCM were analyzed.The experimental results reveal that XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDS,and exothermic heat of hydration show that when GGBS:MK:SS=60wt%:10wt%:30wt%,the activator modulus is 1.2,and the alkali content is 5.5wt%,the 28 d flexural strength of ASCM mortar is 12.6 MPa,and the compressive strength is 53.3 MPa,the hydration products consist of C-S-H gel/C-A-S-H gel,mullite(3Al_(2)O_(3)-2SiO_(2)),calcite(CaCO_(3)),quartz,etc.ASCM has a large initial hydration exotherm rate but a small cumulative exotherm.展开更多
In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order hom...In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.展开更多
Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer fro...Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer from poor mechanical properties,flammability,leakage,and rigid crystallization,and they struggle to continuously block excess heat transfer and propagation once thermal saturation occurs.This study proposes a novel type of thermal protection material:an aerogel coupled composite phase change material(CPCM).The composite material consists of gelatin/sodium alginate(Ge/SA)composite biomass aerogel as an insulating component and a thermally induced flexible CPCM made from thermoplastic polyester elastomer as a heat-absorbing component.Inspired by power bank,we coupled the aerogel with CPCM through the binder,so that CPCM can continue to‘charge and store energy’for the aerogel,effectively absorbing heat,delaying the heat saturation phenomenon,and maximizing the duration of thermal insulation.The results demonstrate that the Ge/SA aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation(with a temperature difference of approximately 120℃ across a 1 cm thickness)and flame retardancy(achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating).The CPCM exhibits high heat storage density(811.9 J g^(−1)),good thermally induced flexibility(bendable above 40℃),and thermal stability.Furthermore,the Ge/SA-CPCM coupled composite material shows even more outstanding thermal insulation performance,with the top surface temperature remaining at 89℃ after 100 min of exposure to a high temperature of 230℃.This study provides a new direction for the development of TR protection materials for lithium batteries.展开更多
Gypsum was used as substrate,and silica gel was mixed into substrate at a certain mass ratio to prepare humidity-controlling composites;moreover,the moisture absorption and desorption properties of gypsum-based compos...Gypsum was used as substrate,and silica gel was mixed into substrate at a certain mass ratio to prepare humidity-controlling composites;moreover,the moisture absorption and desorption properties of gypsum-based composites were compared with adding different silica gel particle size and proportion.The morphological characteristics,the isothermal equilibrium moisture content curve,moisture absorption and desorption rate,moisture absorption and desorption stability,and humidity-conditioning performance were tested and analyzed.The experimental results show that,compared with pure-gypsum,the surface structure of the gypsum-based composites is relatively loose,the quantity,density and aperture of the pores in the structure increase.The absorption and desorption capacity increase along with the increase of silica gel particle size and silica gel proportion.When 3 mm silica gel particle size is added with a mass ratio of 40%,the maximum equilibrium moisture content of humidity-controlling composites is 0.161 g/g at 98% relative humidity(RH),3.22 times that of pure-gypsum.The moisture absorption and desorption rates are increased,the equilibrium moisture absorption and desorption rates are 2.68 times and 1.61 times that of pure-gypsum at 58.5% RH,respectively.The gypsum-based composites have a good stability,which has better timely response to dynamic humidity changes and can effectively regulate indoor humidity under natural conditions.展开更多
This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly a...This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly ash(FA),and analyzed its mechanical properties,hydration mechanism,and retardation mechanism.The effects of retarders on the hydration products,mechanical properties,and hydration kinetics of ACCM were investigated using XRD,SEM,FTIR,EDS,and thermoactive microcalorimetry.The results showed that Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)·10H_(2)O(B)delayed the exotherm during the alkali activation process and could effectively delay the setting time of ACCM,but the mechanical properties were slightly decreased.The setting time of ACCM increased with the increase in SG content,but the mechanical properties of ACCM decreased with the increase in SG content.C1_(2)H_(22)O_(11)(CHO)could effectively delay the hydration reaction of ACCM and weakly enhanced the compressive strength.H_(3)PO_(4)(HP)at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L had a certain effect on ACCM retardation,but HP at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.09 mol/L had an effect of promoting the setting and hardening time of ACCM.展开更多
Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occ...Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occurs both during production and operation.The continuum model for describing the damaged zone is presented.The slip theory relations used for a continuous distribution of slip planes are applied.At the initial stage,the isotropic background model is used.This model allows the material slippage along the fractures based on the Coulomb friction law with the small viscous addition.In this regime,the govern system of equations becomes rigid.To overcome this difficulty,the explicit-implicit grid-characteristic scheme is proposed.The standard ultrasound diagnostic procedure of damaged composite materials is successfully simulated.Compared with the trivial free-surface fracture model,different reactions on the compression and stretch waves are registered.This approach provided an effective way for the simulation of complex dynamic behavior of damage zones.展开更多
Purpose: The study investigated the impact of dietary habits, specifically soda, milk kefir, water kefir, almond milk, and distilled water (control) consumption, on the microhardness of gingiva-coloured composite and ...Purpose: The study investigated the impact of dietary habits, specifically soda, milk kefir, water kefir, almond milk, and distilled water (control) consumption, on the microhardness of gingiva-coloured composite and acrylic denture bases. Methods: Materials included gingiva-coloured composite (Fusion Universal G1), acrylic (Imicryl), and subdivided Procryla group. Subgroups comprised 15 and 30-minute heat polymerized (Pro15, Pro30), and 1 wt% (Pro1Z) and 3 wt% (Pro3Z) zirconium added groups. Immersed in beverages for 1, 7, and 14 days, pH and microhardness were assessed. SEM examined random samples. Statistical analysis used repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc tests (p Results: The gingiva-coloured composites displayed noteworthy time-associated microhardness changes (p 0.05). Despite variable pH levels in beverages, no substantial group interaction effects were observed (p > 0.05). Initial microhardness rankings shifted after a 14-day immersion. Conclusions: Gingiva-coloured composite exhibited the highest microhardness pre- and post-immersion, followed by Procryla30 and Imicryl groups. .展开更多
The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples...The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.展开更多
Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistan...Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistance,aging resistance,high and low temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.Moreover,silicone materials have process-able properties,simple forming process,good mechanical property,non-toxic and pollution-free.Therefore,silicone has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the main research progress and application directions of carbon-silicone composite at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed.展开更多
Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them su...Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.展开更多
Silicon carbide/pyrolytic carbon (SiC/PyC) composite materials with excellent performance of self-lubrication and wear resistance were prepared on SiC substrates by electromagnetic-field-assisted chemical vapor infilt...Silicon carbide/pyrolytic carbon (SiC/PyC) composite materials with excellent performance of self-lubrication and wear resistance were prepared on SiC substrates by electromagnetic-field-assisted chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composition and microstructure of the SiC/PyC materials were investigated in detail by XRD, SEM and EDS, etc. The effects of the deposition temperature on the section features and wear resistance of the SiC/PyC were studied. The results show that the PyC layers were deposited onto SiC substrates spontaneously at a lower deposition temperature. The SiC substrates deposited with PyC can significantly reduce the wear rate of the self-dual composite materials under dry sliding condition. The wear tests suggest that the SiC/PyC composite materials own a better wear resistance property when the deposition temperature is 800 °C, and the wear rate is about 64.6% of that without the deposition of PyC.展开更多
Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique...Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique. The effects of current density on the chemical composition, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of the composite anode material were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDXS）, anode polarization curves, quasi-stationary polarization（Tafel） curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Results reveal that the composite electrode obtained at 1 A/dm2 possesses the lowest overpotential（0.610 V at 500 A/m2） for oxygen evolution, the best electrocatalytic activity, the longest service life（360 h at 40 °C in 150 g/L H2SO4 solution under 2 A/cm2）, and the lowest cell voltage（2.75 V at 500 A/m2）. Furthermore, with increasing current density, the coating exhibits grain growth and the decrease of content of Mn O2. Only a slight effect on crystalline structure is observed.展开更多
With the rapid development of electric vehicles,hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids,people's demand for large-scale energy storage devices is increasingly intense.As a new type of secondary battery,potassium ...With the rapid development of electric vehicles,hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids,people's demand for large-scale energy storage devices is increasingly intense.As a new type of secondary battery,potassium ion battery is promising to replace the lithium-ion battery in the field of large-scale energy storage by virtue of its low price and environmental friendliness.At present,the research on the anode materials of potassium ion batteries mainly focuses on carbon materials and the design of various nanostructured metal-based materials.Problems such as poor rate performance and inferior cycle life caused by electrode structure comminution during charge and discharge have not been solved.Quantum dots/nanodots materials are a new type of nanomaterials that can effectively improve the utilization of electrode materials and reduce production costs.In addition,quantum dots/nanodots materials can enhance the electrode reaction kinetics,reduce the stress generated in cycling,and effectively alleviate the agglomeration and crushing of electrode materials.In this review,we will systematically introduce the synthesis methods,K+storage properties and K+storage mechanisms of carbon quantum dots and carbon-based transition metal compound quantum dots composites.This review will have significant references for potassium ion battery researchers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52127816),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0715000)the National Natural Science and Hong Kong Research Grant Council Joint Research Funding Project of China(No.5181101182)the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme sponsored by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.N_PolyU513/18).
文摘Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30923011018)。
文摘The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21908085)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20241950)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731422)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering(No.KL-NICE-23B03)Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials(No.202441204)the Science and Technology Plan School-Enterprise Cooperation IndustryUniversity-Research Forward-looking Project of Zhangjiagang(No.ZKYY2341)。
文摘Untreated water environments encourage the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms,which pose a significant risk to human health and sustainable development.Antimicrobial technologies in advanced photothermal materials offer a promising alternative strategy for solving water disinfection challenges.This technology effectively destroys bacterial biofilms by designing materials with controlled photothermal properties.Despite the potential of this technology,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the application of photothermal materials in water disinfection.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the research and application of photothermal materials in water disinfection.It focuses on composites in photothermal materials,elucidates their basic mechanisms and sterilization properties,and provides a systematic and detailed overview of their recent progress in the field.The goal of this review is to offer insights into the future design of photothermal materials and to propose strategies for their practical application in disinfection processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302110,22375047,22378068)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804905)+1 种基金the Open Project Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&Devices,Soochow University(No.KJS2210)High-level Talent Initiative Project at Anhui Agricultural University(rc362401)。
文摘Flexible electronic skin(E-skin)sensors offer innovative solutions for detecting human body signals,enabling human-machine interactions and advancing the development of intelligent robotics.Electrospun nanofibers are particularly wellsuited for E-skin applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties,tunable breathability,and lightweight nature.Nanofiber-based composite materials consist of three-dimensional structures that integrate one-dimensional polymer nanofibers with other functional materials,enabling efficient signal conversion and positioning them as an ideal platform for next-generation intelligent electronics.Here,this review begins with an overview of electrospinning technology,including far-field electrospinning,near-field electrospinning,and melt electrospinning.It also discusses the diverse morphologies of electrospun nanofibers,such as core-shell,porous,hollow,bead,Janus,and ribbon structure,as well as strategies for incorporating functional materials to enhance nanofiber performance.Following this,the article provides a detailed introduction to electrospun nanofiber-based composite materials(i.e.,nanofiber/hydrogel,nanofiber/aerogel,nanofiber/metal),emphasizing their recent advancements in monitoring physical,physiological,body fluid,and multi-signal in human signal detection.Meanwhile,the review explores the development of multimodal sensors capable of responding to diverse stimuli,focusing on innovative strategies for decoupling multiple signals and their state-of-the-art advancements.Finally,current challenges are analyzed,while future prospects for electrospun nanofiber-based composite sensors are outlined.This review aims to advance the design and application of next-generation flexible electronics,fostering breakthroughs in multifunctional sensing and health monitoring technologies.
文摘Composites made from biopolymers and natural fibers are gaining popularity as alternative sustainable structural materials.Biopolyesters including polylactic acid(PLA),polybutylene succinate(PBS),and polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA),when mixed with natural fibers such as kenaf,hemp,and jute,provide an environmentally acceptable alternative to traditional fossil-based materials.This article examines current research on developments in the integration of biopolymers with natural fibers,with a focus on enhancing mechanical,thermal,and sustainability.Innovative approaches to surface treatment of natural fibers,such as biological and chemical treatments,have demonstrated enhanced adhesion with biopolymer matrices,increasing attributes such as tensile strength and rigidity.Furthermore,nano filling technologies such as nanocellulose and nanoparticles have improved the attributes of multifunctional composites,including heat conductivity and moisture resistance.According to performance analysis,biopolymernatural fiber-based composites may compete with synthetic composites in construction applications,particularly in lightweight buildings and automobiles.However,significant issues such as degradation in humid settings and longtermendurancemust be solved.To support a circular economy,solutions involve the development ofmoisture-resistant polymers and composite recycling technology.This article examines current advancements and identifies problems and opportunities to provide insight into the future direction of more inventive and sustainable biocomposites,and also the dangers they pose to green technology and industrial materials.These findings are significant in terms of the development of building materials which are not only competitive but also contribute to global sustainability.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376216,52006194,52006191)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-054).
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure carbon materials still have the disadvantage of low theoretical capacity.New design and preparation strategies for carbon-based composites can overcome the problems.Based on the analysis of Na^(+)storage mechanism of carbon-based composite materials,the factors influencing the performance of SIBs are discussed.Adjustment methods for improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes are evaluated in detail,including carbon skeleton design and composite material selection.Some advanced composite materials,i.e.,carbon-conversion composite and carbon-MXene composite,are also being explored.New advances in flexible electrodes based on carbon-based composite on flexible SIBs is investigated.The existing issues and future issues of carbon-based composite materials are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFA1203-100)sponsorship by Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.24YF2713800)+2 种基金financial support from the Local College Capacity Building Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20010500700)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1424300)Shanghai Shuguang Program(Grant No.22SG56)。
文摘In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.
基金Funded by the Scientific Research Program of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development(No.20250203184SF)。
文摘A solid,fast-dissolving sodium silicate was used as an alkaline activator.Granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS),metakaolin(MK),and steel slag(SS)were used as the cementious components to prepare a ternary composite cementitious material known as alkali-activated steel slag composite cementitious material(ASCM)by the"one-step method".The impacts of cementitious components,alkali activator modulus,and Na_(2)O%on the mechanical strength were investigated,and the hydration products and hydration kinetics of ASCM were analyzed.The experimental results reveal that XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDS,and exothermic heat of hydration show that when GGBS:MK:SS=60wt%:10wt%:30wt%,the activator modulus is 1.2,and the alkali content is 5.5wt%,the 28 d flexural strength of ASCM mortar is 12.6 MPa,and the compressive strength is 53.3 MPa,the hydration products consist of C-S-H gel/C-A-S-H gel,mullite(3Al_(2)O_(3)-2SiO_(2)),calcite(CaCO_(3)),quartz,etc.ASCM has a large initial hydration exotherm rate but a small cumulative exotherm.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988102,12172009)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178050,22108026)+3 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-BS-091)the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Young Tech Star(2022RQ008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB610).
文摘Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer from poor mechanical properties,flammability,leakage,and rigid crystallization,and they struggle to continuously block excess heat transfer and propagation once thermal saturation occurs.This study proposes a novel type of thermal protection material:an aerogel coupled composite phase change material(CPCM).The composite material consists of gelatin/sodium alginate(Ge/SA)composite biomass aerogel as an insulating component and a thermally induced flexible CPCM made from thermoplastic polyester elastomer as a heat-absorbing component.Inspired by power bank,we coupled the aerogel with CPCM through the binder,so that CPCM can continue to‘charge and store energy’for the aerogel,effectively absorbing heat,delaying the heat saturation phenomenon,and maximizing the duration of thermal insulation.The results demonstrate that the Ge/SA aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation(with a temperature difference of approximately 120℃ across a 1 cm thickness)and flame retardancy(achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating).The CPCM exhibits high heat storage density(811.9 J g^(−1)),good thermally induced flexibility(bendable above 40℃),and thermal stability.Furthermore,the Ge/SA-CPCM coupled composite material shows even more outstanding thermal insulation performance,with the top surface temperature remaining at 89℃ after 100 min of exposure to a high temperature of 230℃.This study provides a new direction for the development of TR protection materials for lithium batteries.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51678254)。
文摘Gypsum was used as substrate,and silica gel was mixed into substrate at a certain mass ratio to prepare humidity-controlling composites;moreover,the moisture absorption and desorption properties of gypsum-based composites were compared with adding different silica gel particle size and proportion.The morphological characteristics,the isothermal equilibrium moisture content curve,moisture absorption and desorption rate,moisture absorption and desorption stability,and humidity-conditioning performance were tested and analyzed.The experimental results show that,compared with pure-gypsum,the surface structure of the gypsum-based composites is relatively loose,the quantity,density and aperture of the pores in the structure increase.The absorption and desorption capacity increase along with the increase of silica gel particle size and silica gel proportion.When 3 mm silica gel particle size is added with a mass ratio of 40%,the maximum equilibrium moisture content of humidity-controlling composites is 0.161 g/g at 98% relative humidity(RH),3.22 times that of pure-gypsum.The moisture absorption and desorption rates are increased,the equilibrium moisture absorption and desorption rates are 2.68 times and 1.61 times that of pure-gypsum at 58.5% RH,respectively.The gypsum-based composites have a good stability,which has better timely response to dynamic humidity changes and can effectively regulate indoor humidity under natural conditions.
基金Funded by Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education(No.JLJZHDKF202204)。
文摘This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly ash(FA),and analyzed its mechanical properties,hydration mechanism,and retardation mechanism.The effects of retarders on the hydration products,mechanical properties,and hydration kinetics of ACCM were investigated using XRD,SEM,FTIR,EDS,and thermoactive microcalorimetry.The results showed that Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)·10H_(2)O(B)delayed the exotherm during the alkali activation process and could effectively delay the setting time of ACCM,but the mechanical properties were slightly decreased.The setting time of ACCM increased with the increase in SG content,but the mechanical properties of ACCM decreased with the increase in SG content.C1_(2)H_(22)O_(11)(CHO)could effectively delay the hydration reaction of ACCM and weakly enhanced the compressive strength.H_(3)PO_(4)(HP)at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L had a certain effect on ACCM retardation,but HP at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.09 mol/L had an effect of promoting the setting and hardening time of ACCM.
基金the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation(No.19-71-10060)。
文摘Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occurs both during production and operation.The continuum model for describing the damaged zone is presented.The slip theory relations used for a continuous distribution of slip planes are applied.At the initial stage,the isotropic background model is used.This model allows the material slippage along the fractures based on the Coulomb friction law with the small viscous addition.In this regime,the govern system of equations becomes rigid.To overcome this difficulty,the explicit-implicit grid-characteristic scheme is proposed.The standard ultrasound diagnostic procedure of damaged composite materials is successfully simulated.Compared with the trivial free-surface fracture model,different reactions on the compression and stretch waves are registered.This approach provided an effective way for the simulation of complex dynamic behavior of damage zones.
文摘Purpose: The study investigated the impact of dietary habits, specifically soda, milk kefir, water kefir, almond milk, and distilled water (control) consumption, on the microhardness of gingiva-coloured composite and acrylic denture bases. Methods: Materials included gingiva-coloured composite (Fusion Universal G1), acrylic (Imicryl), and subdivided Procryla group. Subgroups comprised 15 and 30-minute heat polymerized (Pro15, Pro30), and 1 wt% (Pro1Z) and 3 wt% (Pro3Z) zirconium added groups. Immersed in beverages for 1, 7, and 14 days, pH and microhardness were assessed. SEM examined random samples. Statistical analysis used repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc tests (p Results: The gingiva-coloured composites displayed noteworthy time-associated microhardness changes (p 0.05). Despite variable pH levels in beverages, no substantial group interaction effects were observed (p > 0.05). Initial microhardness rankings shifted after a 14-day immersion. Conclusions: Gingiva-coloured composite exhibited the highest microhardness pre- and post-immersion, followed by Procryla30 and Imicryl groups. .
文摘The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.
文摘Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistance,aging resistance,high and low temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.Moreover,silicone materials have process-able properties,simple forming process,good mechanical property,non-toxic and pollution-free.Therefore,silicone has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the main research progress and application directions of carbon-silicone composite at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed.
文摘Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.
基金Project(2011CB605801)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011M500127)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation+2 种基金Projects(51102089,50802115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(12JJ4046,12JJ9014)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(74341015817)supported by the Post-doctoral Fund of Central South University,China
文摘Silicon carbide/pyrolytic carbon (SiC/PyC) composite materials with excellent performance of self-lubrication and wear resistance were prepared on SiC substrates by electromagnetic-field-assisted chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composition and microstructure of the SiC/PyC materials were investigated in detail by XRD, SEM and EDS, etc. The effects of the deposition temperature on the section features and wear resistance of the SiC/PyC were studied. The results show that the PyC layers were deposited onto SiC substrates spontaneously at a lower deposition temperature. The SiC substrates deposited with PyC can significantly reduce the wear rate of the self-dual composite materials under dry sliding condition. The wear tests suggest that the SiC/PyC composite materials own a better wear resistance property when the deposition temperature is 800 °C, and the wear rate is about 64.6% of that without the deposition of PyC.
基金Projects(51004056,51004057)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(KKZ6201152009)supported by the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials,Chinese Academy of Sciences+2 种基金Project(2010ZC052)supported by the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(20125314110011)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,ChinaProject(2010247)supported by Analysis&Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology,China
文摘Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique. The effects of current density on the chemical composition, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of the composite anode material were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDXS）, anode polarization curves, quasi-stationary polarization（Tafel） curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Results reveal that the composite electrode obtained at 1 A/dm2 possesses the lowest overpotential（0.610 V at 500 A/m2） for oxygen evolution, the best electrocatalytic activity, the longest service life（360 h at 40 °C in 150 g/L H2SO4 solution under 2 A/cm2）, and the lowest cell voltage（2.75 V at 500 A/m2）. Furthermore, with increasing current density, the coating exhibits grain growth and the decrease of content of Mn O2. Only a slight effect on crystalline structure is observed.
基金financial support from the Doctoral Foundation of Henan University of Engineering(No.D2022025)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2004162)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302138)Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Henan Province(No.232102320221)。
文摘With the rapid development of electric vehicles,hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids,people's demand for large-scale energy storage devices is increasingly intense.As a new type of secondary battery,potassium ion battery is promising to replace the lithium-ion battery in the field of large-scale energy storage by virtue of its low price and environmental friendliness.At present,the research on the anode materials of potassium ion batteries mainly focuses on carbon materials and the design of various nanostructured metal-based materials.Problems such as poor rate performance and inferior cycle life caused by electrode structure comminution during charge and discharge have not been solved.Quantum dots/nanodots materials are a new type of nanomaterials that can effectively improve the utilization of electrode materials and reduce production costs.In addition,quantum dots/nanodots materials can enhance the electrode reaction kinetics,reduce the stress generated in cycling,and effectively alleviate the agglomeration and crushing of electrode materials.In this review,we will systematically introduce the synthesis methods,K+storage properties and K+storage mechanisms of carbon quantum dots and carbon-based transition metal compound quantum dots composites.This review will have significant references for potassium ion battery researchers.
