Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite offers advantages such as high strength,electrical insulation,and heat insulation.Parts manufactured using this composite an...Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite offers advantages such as high strength,electrical insulation,and heat insulation.Parts manufactured using this composite and 3D printing have promising applications in aerospace,automobile,rail transit,etc.In this paper,a high-temperature melt impregnation method was used to successfully prepare the 3D printing prepreg filaments of the aforementioned composite.In the FDM 3D printing equipment,a nozzle of high thermal conductivity and wear-resistant copper alloy and a PEEK-based carbon fiber thermoplastic composite build plate with uniform temperature control were innovatively introduced to effectively improve the quality of 3D printing.The porosity of the 3D printed samples produced from the composite prepreg filament was analyzed under different printing parameters,and the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of the printed parts were studied.The results show that the printing layer thickness,printing speed,printing temperature and build plate temperature have varying effects on the porosity of printed parts,which in turn affects tensile strength and the interlaminar shear strength(ILSS).When the printing layer thickness is 0.4 mm,printing speed is 2 mm/s,nozzle temperature is 430℃ and build plate temperature is 150℃,the tensile strength and ILSS of the composite printed parts reach their maximum values of 463.76 and 24.95 MPa,respectively.Microscopic analysis of the fracture morphology of the tensile specimens reveals that the 3D printed CGF/PEEK composite sample has three types of fracture mode,which are single filament bundle fracture,fracture mode of delamination,and fracture failure of the sample at the cross-section.The essence of the above three kinds of fracture mode is the difference of the interface bonding force of 3D printed CGF/PEEK composites.The fracture failure at the cross-section is that the continuous glass fibers in the composite are pulled out until they break,which is the main form of the failure of the composite under tensile load.The interfacial region of the composite is prone to microscopic defects such as voids and delamination during 3D printing,which become the most vulnerable link of the composite.Understanding the relationship between voids and fracture behavior lays a foundation for defect suppression and performance improvement of subsequent printed parts.展开更多
Over the last half-century,polyether ether ketone(PEEK)has emerged as a widely adopted thermoplastic polymer,primarily due to its lower density,exceptional mechanical properties,high-temperature and chemical resistanc...Over the last half-century,polyether ether ketone(PEEK)has emerged as a widely adopted thermoplastic polymer,primarily due to its lower density,exceptional mechanical properties,high-temperature and chemical resistance,and biocompatibility.PEEK and its composites have found extensive applications across various fields,including machinery,aerospace,military equipment,electronics,and biomedicine,positioning themselves as promising substitutes for traditional metal structures.Nevertheless,achieving optimal performance and functional molding of PEEK and its composites presents a formidable challenge,given their inherent characteristics,such as semi-crystallinity,high melting temperature,heightened viscosity,low dielectric coefficient,and hydrophobic properties.In this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the molding methods and processes of PEEK and its composites,including extrusion molding,hot compression molding,injection molding,and 3D printing.We also introduce typical innovative applications within the fields of mechanics,electricity,and biomedicine while elucidating methodologies that leverage the distinctive advantages of PEEK and its composites.Additionally,we summarize research findings related to manipulating the properties of PEEK and its composites through the optimization of machine parameters,process variables,and material structural adjustments.Finally,we contemplate the prevailing development trends and outline prospective avenues for further research in the advancement and molding of PEEK and its composites.展开更多
The poor surface antibacterial properties are one of the important factors limiting the application of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (CFR-P) composites as artificial bone replace materials. Some of the...The poor surface antibacterial properties are one of the important factors limiting the application of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (CFR-P) composites as artificial bone replace materials. Some of the Two-Dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique lamellar structures and biological properties have been demonstrated to have excellent antibacterial properties. Antibacterial properties can be improved by feasible chemical strategies for preparing 2D nanomaterials coating on the surface of CFR-P. In this work, Black Phosphorus (BP) coating was prepared on the originally chemically inert CFR-P surface based on wet chemical pretreatment. The physical and chemical properties, including surface microstructure, chemical composition and state, roughness and hydrophilicity were characterized. The antibacterial ratios against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were evaluated. The results indicated that hydrophilicity of BP coating on CFR-P was significantly higher compared to that of the pure CFR-P. Wet chemical pretreatment using mixed acid reagents (concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid) introduced hydroxyl, carboxyl and nitro groups on CFR-P. The BP coating exhibited the antibacterial rate of over 98% against both S. aureus and E. coli. In addition, the antibacterial rate of BP coating against the main pathogenic bacteria of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, reached 45%.展开更多
Poly-ether-ether-ketone/nano-silicon nitride(PEEK/nSN)composite scaffolds,fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),show great potential for orthopedic applications due to their excellent biological performance and ...Poly-ether-ether-ketone/nano-silicon nitride(PEEK/nSN)composite scaffolds,fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),show great potential for orthopedic applications due to their excellent biological performance and mechanical adaptability.However,the effect of nSN on LPBF processability and scaffold properties remains unclear.This study systematically investigates the processability and mechanical per-formance of PEEK/nSN composites to enable reliable clinical fabrication.The results show that adding nSN improves powder flowability and inhibits crystallization,enhancing LPBF processability.The introduction of nSN reduces PEEK’s non-isothermal crystallization Avrami exponent from 3.04 to 2.01,suggesting a transformation from a three-dimensional spherulitic to a two-dimensional lamellar crystal structure.Tensile tests reveal that the presence of nSN alters the optimal process parameters,reducing the optimal laser power from 25 W to 22 W due to increased energy absorption efficiency,as shown by an increase in absorbance at 843 cm^(-1)from 0.27 to 0.35 as the nSN content increases to 2 wt%.Porous diamond-structured scaffolds were fabricated using optimal parameters for pure PEEK,PEEK/1 wt%nSN,and PEEK/2 wt%nSN.Diamond-structured scaffolds fabricated with 1 wt%nSN showed a 12.2%increase in elastic modulus compared to pure PEEK,highlighting the enhanced mechanical performance.Over-all,this study offers key insights into the stable and customizable LPBF fabrication of PEEK/nSN porous scaffolds,providing a foundation for future research on their bioactivity and antibacterial properties for orthopedic applications.展开更多
The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology has offered a new avenue for designing and fabricating high wave-absorbing meta structures.In this study,the mechanical properties and broadband absorption pe...The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology has offered a new avenue for designing and fabricating high wave-absorbing meta structures.In this study,the mechanical properties and broadband absorption performance of Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone(PEEK)–based electromagnetic wave–absorbing composite materials was investigated.The high-performance polymer PEEK was used as the matrix,and the materials with electromagnetic wave loss,such as reduced graphene oxide,Carbonyl Iron(CI),and Flake CI(FCI),were used as absorbers.Based on the theory of impedance matching,a wave-absorbing structure with a gradual impedance gradient was designed and printed.The test results showed that at the 2.0–18.0 GHz frequency band,the coverage rate of the effective absorption bandwidth was up to 72.0%,the average optimal reflectivity was–18.09 dB,and the wide-angle absorption range was 0°–30°.The advantages of additive manufacturing technology in designing and fabricating wave-absorbing structures are presented,demonstrating that the technology is an effective method for creating broadband absorbing structures.展开更多
To improve performance of PTFE-based damping material,composites with several fillers were prepared by compressing and sintering. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of visco...To improve performance of PTFE-based damping material,composites with several fillers were prepared by compressing and sintering. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of viscoanalyser. Temperature-dependent loss factors,storage modulus and loss modulus were obtained. And SEM was employed to study the compatibility between PTFE and fillers. The results show that,when blending PPS and PEEK at proper content,the loss factor curve appears double peaks,which can widen the high-damping temperature region of the composites. Blending graphite or alumina can increase the storage modulus obviously,but decrease the value of loss factor. And because graphite or alumina combines with matrix poorly,glide would happen at interface when bearing external load. The interface friction can dissipate vibration energy,which increases the loss modulus of the composites. Blending PPS,PEEK and graphite or alumina at right content,PTFE-based composites can meet demands as damping material in practical engineering.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Project of China(Grant No.2018YFB1106700).
文摘Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite offers advantages such as high strength,electrical insulation,and heat insulation.Parts manufactured using this composite and 3D printing have promising applications in aerospace,automobile,rail transit,etc.In this paper,a high-temperature melt impregnation method was used to successfully prepare the 3D printing prepreg filaments of the aforementioned composite.In the FDM 3D printing equipment,a nozzle of high thermal conductivity and wear-resistant copper alloy and a PEEK-based carbon fiber thermoplastic composite build plate with uniform temperature control were innovatively introduced to effectively improve the quality of 3D printing.The porosity of the 3D printed samples produced from the composite prepreg filament was analyzed under different printing parameters,and the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of the printed parts were studied.The results show that the printing layer thickness,printing speed,printing temperature and build plate temperature have varying effects on the porosity of printed parts,which in turn affects tensile strength and the interlaminar shear strength(ILSS).When the printing layer thickness is 0.4 mm,printing speed is 2 mm/s,nozzle temperature is 430℃ and build plate temperature is 150℃,the tensile strength and ILSS of the composite printed parts reach their maximum values of 463.76 and 24.95 MPa,respectively.Microscopic analysis of the fracture morphology of the tensile specimens reveals that the 3D printed CGF/PEEK composite sample has three types of fracture mode,which are single filament bundle fracture,fracture mode of delamination,and fracture failure of the sample at the cross-section.The essence of the above three kinds of fracture mode is the difference of the interface bonding force of 3D printed CGF/PEEK composites.The fracture failure at the cross-section is that the continuous glass fibers in the composite are pulled out until they break,which is the main form of the failure of the composite under tensile load.The interfacial region of the composite is prone to microscopic defects such as voids and delamination during 3D printing,which become the most vulnerable link of the composite.Understanding the relationship between voids and fracture behavior lays a foundation for defect suppression and performance improvement of subsequent printed parts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2401903)the“Pioneer”and the“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C01170)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205424)the Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation 2025 of Ningbo(No.2023Z029),China.
文摘Over the last half-century,polyether ether ketone(PEEK)has emerged as a widely adopted thermoplastic polymer,primarily due to its lower density,exceptional mechanical properties,high-temperature and chemical resistance,and biocompatibility.PEEK and its composites have found extensive applications across various fields,including machinery,aerospace,military equipment,electronics,and biomedicine,positioning themselves as promising substitutes for traditional metal structures.Nevertheless,achieving optimal performance and functional molding of PEEK and its composites presents a formidable challenge,given their inherent characteristics,such as semi-crystallinity,high melting temperature,heightened viscosity,low dielectric coefficient,and hydrophobic properties.In this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the molding methods and processes of PEEK and its composites,including extrusion molding,hot compression molding,injection molding,and 3D printing.We also introduce typical innovative applications within the fields of mechanics,electricity,and biomedicine while elucidating methodologies that leverage the distinctive advantages of PEEK and its composites.Additionally,we summarize research findings related to manipulating the properties of PEEK and its composites through the optimization of machine parameters,process variables,and material structural adjustments.Finally,we contemplate the prevailing development trends and outline prospective avenues for further research in the advancement and molding of PEEK and its composites.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971301)In part by the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province under Grant YDZJSX2021A018+1 种基金Shanxi Province Higher Education Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project(2022L060)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Nos.202203021212227,202303021212082).
文摘The poor surface antibacterial properties are one of the important factors limiting the application of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (CFR-P) composites as artificial bone replace materials. Some of the Two-Dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique lamellar structures and biological properties have been demonstrated to have excellent antibacterial properties. Antibacterial properties can be improved by feasible chemical strategies for preparing 2D nanomaterials coating on the surface of CFR-P. In this work, Black Phosphorus (BP) coating was prepared on the originally chemically inert CFR-P surface based on wet chemical pretreatment. The physical and chemical properties, including surface microstructure, chemical composition and state, roughness and hydrophilicity were characterized. The antibacterial ratios against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were evaluated. The results indicated that hydrophilicity of BP coating on CFR-P was significantly higher compared to that of the pure CFR-P. Wet chemical pretreatment using mixed acid reagents (concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid) introduced hydroxyl, carboxyl and nitro groups on CFR-P. The BP coating exhibited the antibacterial rate of over 98% against both S. aureus and E. coli. In addition, the antibacterial rate of BP coating against the main pathogenic bacteria of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, reached 45%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52235008 and U2341270)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105341)。
文摘Poly-ether-ether-ketone/nano-silicon nitride(PEEK/nSN)composite scaffolds,fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),show great potential for orthopedic applications due to their excellent biological performance and mechanical adaptability.However,the effect of nSN on LPBF processability and scaffold properties remains unclear.This study systematically investigates the processability and mechanical per-formance of PEEK/nSN composites to enable reliable clinical fabrication.The results show that adding nSN improves powder flowability and inhibits crystallization,enhancing LPBF processability.The introduction of nSN reduces PEEK’s non-isothermal crystallization Avrami exponent from 3.04 to 2.01,suggesting a transformation from a three-dimensional spherulitic to a two-dimensional lamellar crystal structure.Tensile tests reveal that the presence of nSN alters the optimal process parameters,reducing the optimal laser power from 25 W to 22 W due to increased energy absorption efficiency,as shown by an increase in absorbance at 843 cm^(-1)from 0.27 to 0.35 as the nSN content increases to 2 wt%.Porous diamond-structured scaffolds were fabricated using optimal parameters for pure PEEK,PEEK/1 wt%nSN,and PEEK/2 wt%nSN.Diamond-structured scaffolds fabricated with 1 wt%nSN showed a 12.2%increase in elastic modulus compared to pure PEEK,highlighting the enhanced mechanical performance.Over-all,this study offers key insights into the stable and customizable LPBF fabrication of PEEK/nSN porous scaffolds,providing a foundation for future research on their bioactivity and antibacterial properties for orthopedic applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272298).
文摘The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology has offered a new avenue for designing and fabricating high wave-absorbing meta structures.In this study,the mechanical properties and broadband absorption performance of Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone(PEEK)–based electromagnetic wave–absorbing composite materials was investigated.The high-performance polymer PEEK was used as the matrix,and the materials with electromagnetic wave loss,such as reduced graphene oxide,Carbonyl Iron(CI),and Flake CI(FCI),were used as absorbers.Based on the theory of impedance matching,a wave-absorbing structure with a gradual impedance gradient was designed and printed.The test results showed that at the 2.0–18.0 GHz frequency band,the coverage rate of the effective absorption bandwidth was up to 72.0%,the average optimal reflectivity was–18.09 dB,and the wide-angle absorption range was 0°–30°.The advantages of additive manufacturing technology in designing and fabricating wave-absorbing structures are presented,demonstrating that the technology is an effective method for creating broadband absorbing structures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50575054)the Science and Technology Tackle Key Problem Plan Foun-dation of Harbin, China (Grant No. 2004AA2CG126).
文摘To improve performance of PTFE-based damping material,composites with several fillers were prepared by compressing and sintering. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of viscoanalyser. Temperature-dependent loss factors,storage modulus and loss modulus were obtained. And SEM was employed to study the compatibility between PTFE and fillers. The results show that,when blending PPS and PEEK at proper content,the loss factor curve appears double peaks,which can widen the high-damping temperature region of the composites. Blending graphite or alumina can increase the storage modulus obviously,but decrease the value of loss factor. And because graphite or alumina combines with matrix poorly,glide would happen at interface when bearing external load. The interface friction can dissipate vibration energy,which increases the loss modulus of the composites. Blending PPS,PEEK and graphite or alumina at right content,PTFE-based composites can meet demands as damping material in practical engineering.
