Polyanilines(PANIs)are easily accessible materials that can be employed to prepare catalysts for a variety of useful reactions.Investigations in the field are of profound academic and industrial values.In this work,we...Polyanilines(PANIs)are easily accessible materials that can be employed to prepare catalysts for a variety of useful reactions.Investigations in the field are of profound academic and industrial values.In this work,we unexpectedly found that,calcium-doping could enhance the specific surface area and pore volume of poly-p-anisidine(PANI-OMe),so that the catalytic activity of the material could be significantly improved.It is notable that Ca-doping significantly enhanced the pore size of the material to 291.5 nm,making it a macroporous material that can allow even more sufficient contact of the catalytically active sites of nitrogen to contact with the macromolecules such as the PLA oligomer.Thus,the Ca-doped PANI-OMe(PANI-OMe/Ca)could well catalyse the condensation reaction of L-lactic acid to synthesize L-lactide in75.0%yield with 98.2%optical purity at kilogram reaction scale.Since Ca is a biocompatible element that widely exists in both human and animal bodies,the Ca-doping protocol provides a biocompatible catalyst for L-lactide production.This is an important progress because L-lactide is widely employed as the basic raw material to produce the environment-friendly bio-degradable materials and the biomedical polymers.It may also inspire new strategies for designing the catalyst for the reactions involving macromolecular intermediates.展开更多
Photocatalytic activity of doped polyaniline nanopowders with different molar ratio of An/O （aniline^oxidizer） has been studied in the process of photocatalytic decolorization of aqueous solutions of methylene blue....Photocatalytic activity of doped polyaniline nanopowders with different molar ratio of An/O （aniline^oxidizer） has been studied in the process of photocatalytic decolorization of aqueous solutions of methylene blue. By means of scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature N2 adsorption method, it was found that doped PANI （polyaniline） nanopowders have the particles size of 30-50 nm with the specific surface area of 20-35 m2.g＂~. It was found that PANI photocatalytic activity essentially depends on molar ratio of An/O and adsorption interactions between the dye molecules and catalytic active centers on PANI surface and these interactions are greatly affected by pH of the solution 9.2. An optimum of the synergetic effect is found for an initial molar ratio of aniline to oxidizer equal to 0.8.展开更多
Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This re...Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.展开更多
Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods e...Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods embedded with TiO_(2)and polyaniline(PANI)nanoparticles are synthesized via heterogeneous precipitation and in-situ polymerization.The obtained PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP one-di-mensional(1D)nanostructures can intertwine into three-dimensional(3D)conductive network,which favors energy dissipation.The min-imum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating(20wt%)reaches-49.36 dB at 9.53 GHz,and the effective absorption band-width(EAB)can reach 6.53 GHz with a thickness of 2.1 mm.The excellent MA properties are attributed to interfacial polarization,mul-tiple loss mechanisms,and good impedance matching induced by the synergistic effect of PANI-TiO_(2)nanoparticle shells and ATP nanor-ods.In addition,salt spray and Tafel polarization curve tests reveal that the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating shows outstanding corrosion resist-ance performance.This study provides a low-cost and high-efficiency strategy for constructing 1D nanonetwork composites for MA and corrosion resistance applications using natural porous ATP nanorods as carriers.展开更多
Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energi...Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energies of thermolysis,E_(a),of the pure NAs and their PANi-CACs were determined using the Kissinger method,and decomposition processes are discussed.Except for the RDX/PANi CACs,all the other CACs show higher E_(a) values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts.For all CACs,relationships are specified between the E_(a) values,on the one hand,and the squares of the detonation velocities,enthalpies of formation,spark energy and impact sensitivities,on the other.The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition,ΔH,from DSC,and their enthalpy of formation,logarithm of impact sensitivity,electric spark energy,as well as detonation energy,are described.The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CACs;surprisingly close linear correlations were found,and explained,between these densities and the E_(a) values.This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs.Based on the results obtained,it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.展开更多
Aqueous ion storage systems have motivated great interest by virtue of low reduction,high eco-sustainability and safety.Among various cathode candidates,transition metal compounds are featured with easy dissolution in...Aqueous ion storage systems have motivated great interest by virtue of low reduction,high eco-sustainability and safety.Among various cathode candidates,transition metal compounds are featured with easy dissolution in aqueous solutions and inferior conductivity,which severely hinder their application.Herein,advantages are taken of the“conveyor effect”of conjugated polyaniline to prepare an oxygen defective tungstate-linked polyaniline(O_(d)-WOP)material with chrysanthemum-like microstructure.By virtue of the high electronic conductivity derived from conductive conjugated polyaniline skeleton,unbalanced charge distribution triggered by the defective structure,and reversibly rapid ion(de)intercalation benefited from the open framework with porous chrysanthemum-like microstructure,it delivers outstanding rate capability with a maximum specific capacity of 162.2 mAh g^(-1)and great cycle stability for storing NH_(4)^(+).Additionally,it also adopts a high reversible capacity of 140.4 mAh g^(-1)and outstanding cycling performance to store Ca^(2+).Consequently,the assembled O_(d)-WOP//PTCDI flexible aqueous ammonium ion batteries and calcium ion batteries exhibit superior capacities,energy densities and flexibilities.O_(d)-WOP achieves the NH_(4)^(+) and Ca^(2+)storage capability by interacting with them through hydrogen and ionic bonds,respectively.The deep insight from this work sheds light upon a novel strategy to excavate greater potential of transition metal compounds for aqueous ion batteries.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have gained increasing interests as promising power sources due to their ability to convert hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity with high efficiency and zero greenh...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have gained increasing interests as promising power sources due to their ability to convert hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity with high efficiency and zero greenhouse gas emissions.Bipolar plates(BPs)are considered as a critical component of PEMFCs,serving to collect current,separate gases,distribute the flow field,and conduct heat.This paper reviews the technical status and advancements in BP materials,with special focus on strategies for enhancing interfacial contact resistance(ICR)and corrosion resistance through conductive polymer(CP)coatings.First,commonly used BP materials in PEMFCs are summarized.Then,the advantages and limitations of various coatings for metallic BPs are discussed.Finally,recent progress in CP coatings for metallic BPs,aimed at achieving high corrosion resistance and low ICR,is comprehensively reviewed.展开更多
As a highly promising conductive polymer material,the synthesis method,structure regulation,and performance improvement of polyaniline(PANI)are hot research topics.In this work,the radiation-induced polymerization of ...As a highly promising conductive polymer material,the synthesis method,structure regulation,and performance improvement of polyaniline(PANI)are hot research topics.In this work,the radiation-induced polymerization of aniline in HNO_(3)solution was successfully achieved at room temperature without the use of chemical oxidants.Through the analysis of the radiation chemical reactions of inorganic acids and nitrate salt solutions,the characterization of the intermediate free radicals in the irradiated systems,and the influence of the pH of the solutions on the polymerization activity and product morphologies,the radiation-induced polymerization mechanism of aniline is discussed in detail and proposed.Only at a condition of[HNO_(3)]>[aniline],i.e.,pH<2.5,PANI can be successfully obtained underγ-ray radiation.The polymerization begins with the oxidation of aniline cations to aniline cation radicals by·NO_(3)generated by radiolysis reactions,and undergoes repeated three steps of monomer free radical recombination,deprotonation,and oxidation reaction of·NO_(3),thus forming a PANI macromolecule.In addition to the polymerization reaction,the aniline units are protonated and oxidized because of the strongly acidity and oxidation of the reaction system under γ-ray irradiation,which means that the molecular chain structure of the radiation-synthesized PANI can be regulated by pH,nitrate concentration,and irradiation conditions.Radiation-synthesized PANI has a moderate protonation and oxidation state,which can be used for the preparation of PANI supercapacitors with better electrochemical properties than those prepared by chemical oxidation under the same conditions.This work presents a new radiation-synthesis method and polymerization mechanism of PANI,which not only expands the application of radiation technique in the field of polymer synthesis,but also provides a new idea for the structural regulation and electrochemical property optimization of PANI.展开更多
Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),a key biomarker for long-term glucose regulation,is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes mellitus.However,conventional HbA1c detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity,narr...Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),a key biomarker for long-term glucose regulation,is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes mellitus.However,conventional HbA1c detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity,narrow detection ranges,slow response times,and poor long-term stability.In this study,we developed a high-performance amperometric biosensor for the selective detection of Fructosyl Valine(FV),a model compound for HbA1c,by immobilizing Fructosyl Amino Acid Oxidase(FAAO)onto a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrospun polyaniline/polyindole-Mn_(2)O_(3) nanofibers.Operating at an applied potential of 0.27 V versus Ag/AgCl,the biosensor achieved a rapid detection time of 2 s for FV concentrations up to 50µM,with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.Under optimized conditions(pH 7.0 and 35℃),the biosensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 0.1 to 3 mM and a high sensitivity of 38.42µA/mM.Importantly,the sensor retained approximately 70% of its initial activity after 193 days of storage at 4℃,demonstrating excellent long-term stability.These results suggest that the FAAO/polyaniline/polyindole-Mn_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite-based biosensor offers a promising platform for sensitive,rapid,and durable detection of HbA1c,providing significant potential for improving diabetes monitoring and management.展开更多
Polyaniline(PANi)hydrogels have a wide range of applications in artificial skin,flexible robotics,and movement monitoring.Nevertheless,limited by the modulus mismatch between rigid PANi and the soft hydrogel matrix,th...Polyaniline(PANi)hydrogels have a wide range of applications in artificial skin,flexible robotics,and movement monitoring.Nevertheless,limited by the modulus mismatch between rigid PANi and the soft hydrogel matrix,the high strength and toughness of the PANi hydrogel are mutually exclusive.Although the introduction of sacrificial bonds into the hydrogel network can alleviate this contradiction to a certain extent,it always causes pronounced energy hysteresis during hydrogel deformation.Inspired by the energy storage and release of macroscopic springs,in this work,we propose a molecular entanglement approach for the fabrication of PANi hydrogels featuring high toughness and low hysteresis,where flexible poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)is entangled with chemically cross-linked poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)as a hydrogel matrix,and rigid PANi as a conductive filler.The resultant PAA/PEG/PANi hydrogel exhibited high mechanical properties(fracture strength of 0.75 MPa and toughness of 4.81 MJ·m^(-3))and a low energy dissipation ratio(28.2%when stretching to 300%).Moreover,the PAA/PEG/PANi hydrogel possesses a good electrical response to external forces and can be employed as a strain sensor to monitor human joint movements by producing specific electrical signals.This work provides a straightforward strategy for preparing tough conductive PANi hydrogels with low hysteresis,showing potential for the development of healthcare devices.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-metal batteries(AZMBs)performance is hampered by freezing water at low temperatures,which hampers their multi-scenario application.Hydrogen bonds(HBs)play a pivotal role in water freezing,and proton transpo...Aqueous Zn-metal batteries(AZMBs)performance is hampered by freezing water at low temperatures,which hampers their multi-scenario application.Hydrogen bonds(HBs)play a pivotal role in water freezing,and proton transport is indispensable for the establishment of HBs.Here,the accelerated proton transport modulates the dynamic hydrogen bonding network of a Zn(BF4)2/EMIMBF4impregnated polyacrylamide/poly(vinyl alcohol)/xanthan gum dual network eutectic gel electrolyte(PPX-ILZSE)for lowtemperature AZMBs.The PPX-ILZSE forms more HBs,shorter HBs lifetimes,higher tetrahedral entropy,and faster desolvation processes,as demonstrated by experimental and theoretical calculations.This enhanced dynamic proton transport promotes rapid cycling of HBs formation-failure,and for polyaniline cathode(PANI)abundant redox sites of proton,confers excellent low temperature electrochemical performance to the Zn//PANI full cell.Specific capacities for 1000 and 5000 cycles at 1 and 5 A g^(-1)were149.8 and 128.4 m A h g^(-1)at room temperature,respectively.Furthermore,specific capacities of 131.1 mA hg^(-1)(92.4%capacity retention)and 0.0066%capacity decay per lap were achieved for 3000and 3500 laps at-30 and 40℃,respectively,at 0.5 A g^(-1).Furthermore,in-situ protective layer of ZnOHF nano-arrays on the Zn anode surface to eliminate dendrite growth and accelerate Zn-ions adsorption and charge transfer.展开更多
This work reports a soft chemistry approach for the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO)incorporated in a polyaniline(PANI)matrix to give PANI/MgO nanocomposite.Using spin coating method,three different per...This work reports a soft chemistry approach for the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO)incorporated in a polyaniline(PANI)matrix to give PANI/MgO nanocomposite.Using spin coating method,three different percentages of MgO/PVC(1,2,and 3%in wt.%)were deposited on glass substrates.These films of PANI/MgO nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and UV-visible spectroscopy.The results of the XRD pattern revealed the embedding of MgO nanoparticles in the PANI matrix with cubic phase,with the average size of nanoparticles varying from 35.12 to 59.55 nm.The AFM images displayed a significant change in the morphology of the PANI/MgO NPs composite films as MgO concentration was increased.The optical transmittance analysis revealed that at very low concentrations of MgO in PANI/MgO nanocomposite films,there is a high transparency,reaching close to 90%.However,this transmittance decreases significantly as the concentration of MgO increases.The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite film was then evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue(MB)dye under UV light irradiation.The results indicated a strong potential for PANI/MgO nanocomposite films in effectively degrading MB,supported by a proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic reaction.Compared with other composites such as PVC/MgO,PANI/MgO nanocomposite presented better MB degradation efficiency.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion stora...Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion storage due to the properties of its excellent conductivity and inherent theoretical capacity.However,the poor cycling stability and low loadings of PANI limit its application in energy storage.In this study,PANI-x electrodes with high mass loadings are successfully prepared by the electrodeposition method for reversible AlCl_(2)^(+)storage.Among them,the PANI-2 electrode possesses the highest areal capacity(0.59 and 0.51 mAh cm^(−2)at the current density of 0.5 and 10 mA cm^(−2))and excellent cycling stability in saturated AlCl3.Ex situ N 1s fitting spectra of PANI-2 and molecular dynamics simulations of 1 M,3 M,and saturated AlCl_(3)electrolytes demonstrate that PANI can achieve reversible redox reactions in saturated AlCl3,thereby achieving its excellent stability.Density functional theory calculations and ex situ spectra characterizations of PANI-2 demonstrate the insertion/de-insertion mechanism in the form of AlCl_(2)^(+)ions.In conclusion,PANI-2|Saturated AlCl_(3)|EG(exfoliated graphite foil)full cell is assembled successfully.This work provides promising guidance for the preparation of high-loading electrodes for AIBs.展开更多
The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still in...The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still induce the formation of chiral PANI successfully, suggesting that Hb can be used as the chiral inducers regardless of harsh reaction conditions. By examining the properties of PANI induced by modified Hb, it was found that Hb（inactivated）-PANI possessed excellent chirality, stability, and crystalline structure. The globin separated from Hb was demonstrated to have the ability of inducing the production of chiral PANI whereas the hematin from Hb had no capacity to direct enantio specificity for the PANI chains. Results indicated that Hb（immobilized）-PANI exhibited poor yield, doping state, and crys- talline structure, indicating that the immobilization of Hb by entrapment was not beneficial to the polymerization reaction. Results also showed that the structure of Hb may have significant effects on the morphologies of chiral PANI.展开更多
A clay-like conductive material comprising polyaniline（PANI）-acetylene black particles is fabricated as a hole conductor for dye sensitized solar cell（DSSC）.The results show that the introduction of acetylene blac...A clay-like conductive material comprising polyaniline（PANI）-acetylene black particles is fabricated as a hole conductor for dye sensitized solar cell（DSSC）.The results show that the introduction of acetylene black into the polymer electrolyte improves the photovoltaic behavior of solid-state DSSC,owing to the increase of the hole mobility of PANI electrolyte,the improvement of the wetting quality of the composite electrolyte,and the reinforcement of interface contact between electrode and the electrolyte.Finally,the overall energy conversion efficiency of DSSC with PANI-50%（in weight）acetylene black electrolyte is 48% of that of liquid DSSC.Therefore,the PANI-acetylene black composition is a credible alternative to hole conductor in application of solid DSSC.展开更多
The stability of full-conjugated self-assembled （SA） multilayer films based on partially doped polyaniline （PANI） as a polycation and poly（o-aminobenzoic acid） （PCAN）, poly（aniline-2-sulfonic acid） （PSAN） ...The stability of full-conjugated self-assembled （SA） multilayer films based on partially doped polyaniline （PANI） as a polycation and poly（o-aminobenzoic acid） （PCAN）, poly（aniline-2-sulfonic acid） （PSAN） as polyanions is investigated in alkali aqueous solutions. The self-assembled PANI-PCAN films keep their stability within 24 h in 1 mol/L NaOH solution,-the PANI-PSAN films, however, maintain the stability for 20 min in the same condition because the solubility of PSAN in alkali solutions is much higher than that of PCAN. The electrochemical properties of the SA films are determined, and the film-CdS composites formed in situ are also reported.展开更多
Palladium nanoparticles supported on cross-linked polyaniline with bulky phosphorus ligands were developed.These catalysts showed high efficiency in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl chlorides and bromides with phen...Palladium nanoparticles supported on cross-linked polyaniline with bulky phosphorus ligands were developed.These catalysts showed high efficiency in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl chlorides and bromides with phenylboronic acids.Aryl chlorides and bromides with functional groups,such as CN,MeO,CHO,MeCO and NO_2,were converted to the corresponding biphenyls in high yields with catalyst loading.Additionally,the catalysts combined high activity with good reusability;they could be used at least five times for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.展开更多
The Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte for use in polyaniline/tin oxide （PANI/SnO2）supercapacitors was reported. The influences of redox electrolyte based on different Fe3＋/Fe2＋ ion pair concentrations in 1 mol/LH2SO4 ...The Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte for use in polyaniline/tin oxide （PANI/SnO2）supercapacitors was reported. The influences of redox electrolyte based on different Fe3＋/Fe2＋ ion pair concentrations in 1 mol/LH2SO4 solution on the pseudocapacitive behaviors of PANI/SnO2 supercapacitor were investigated. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor were studied by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, galvanostatic charge discharge （GCD）, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） techniques. It is found that the performance of the supercapacitor is the best when the Fe3＋/Fe2＋ concentrationis 0.4 mol/L and its initial specific capacitance is 1172 F/g at an applied current density of 1 A/g. The long-term cycling experiment shows good stability with the retention of initial capacitance values of 88% after 2000 galvanostatic cycles. The experimental results testify that using Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte has a good prospect for improving the performances of energy-storage devices.展开更多
基金the Yangzhou Key Research and Development Program:Industry Foresight and Key Core Technology(No.YZ2023019)Cooperation Project of Yangzhou City with Yangzhou University(No.YZ2023209)+3 种基金Sichuan Tianfu Talent Programme(No.A.2200732)Chengdu Rongpiao Talent Pro-gramme(No.1043)Sele Valley Scholars Basic Research Project(No.2301)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)for financial support。
文摘Polyanilines(PANIs)are easily accessible materials that can be employed to prepare catalysts for a variety of useful reactions.Investigations in the field are of profound academic and industrial values.In this work,we unexpectedly found that,calcium-doping could enhance the specific surface area and pore volume of poly-p-anisidine(PANI-OMe),so that the catalytic activity of the material could be significantly improved.It is notable that Ca-doping significantly enhanced the pore size of the material to 291.5 nm,making it a macroporous material that can allow even more sufficient contact of the catalytically active sites of nitrogen to contact with the macromolecules such as the PLA oligomer.Thus,the Ca-doped PANI-OMe(PANI-OMe/Ca)could well catalyse the condensation reaction of L-lactic acid to synthesize L-lactide in75.0%yield with 98.2%optical purity at kilogram reaction scale.Since Ca is a biocompatible element that widely exists in both human and animal bodies,the Ca-doping protocol provides a biocompatible catalyst for L-lactide production.This is an important progress because L-lactide is widely employed as the basic raw material to produce the environment-friendly bio-degradable materials and the biomedical polymers.It may also inspire new strategies for designing the catalyst for the reactions involving macromolecular intermediates.
文摘Photocatalytic activity of doped polyaniline nanopowders with different molar ratio of An/O （aniline^oxidizer） has been studied in the process of photocatalytic decolorization of aqueous solutions of methylene blue. By means of scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature N2 adsorption method, it was found that doped PANI （polyaniline） nanopowders have the particles size of 30-50 nm with the specific surface area of 20-35 m2.g＂~. It was found that PANI photocatalytic activity essentially depends on molar ratio of An/O and adsorption interactions between the dye molecules and catalytic active centers on PANI surface and these interactions are greatly affected by pH of the solution 9.2. An optimum of the synergetic effect is found for an initial molar ratio of aniline to oxidizer equal to 0.8.
文摘Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3701503)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z107)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Key R&D program,China(No.BE2019072)the special project of Gansu regional science and technology cooperation,China(No.20JR10 QA579).
文摘Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods embedded with TiO_(2)and polyaniline(PANI)nanoparticles are synthesized via heterogeneous precipitation and in-situ polymerization.The obtained PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP one-di-mensional(1D)nanostructures can intertwine into three-dimensional(3D)conductive network,which favors energy dissipation.The min-imum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating(20wt%)reaches-49.36 dB at 9.53 GHz,and the effective absorption band-width(EAB)can reach 6.53 GHz with a thickness of 2.1 mm.The excellent MA properties are attributed to interfacial polarization,mul-tiple loss mechanisms,and good impedance matching induced by the synergistic effect of PANI-TiO_(2)nanoparticle shells and ATP nanor-ods.In addition,salt spray and Tafel polarization curve tests reveal that the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating shows outstanding corrosion resist-ance performance.This study provides a low-cost and high-efficiency strategy for constructing 1D nanonetwork composites for MA and corrosion resistance applications using natural porous ATP nanorods as carriers.
基金funding from the Student Grant Project no.SGS_2022_003 of the Faculty of Chemical Technology at the University of Pardubice Czechia.
文摘Composite microcrystals of the nitramines(NAs)viz.,RDX,HMX,BCHMX,and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline(PANi)are a charge transfer complexes in coagglomerated composite crystals(CACs).The activation energies of thermolysis,E_(a),of the pure NAs and their PANi-CACs were determined using the Kissinger method,and decomposition processes are discussed.Except for the RDX/PANi CACs,all the other CACs show higher E_(a) values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts.For all CACs,relationships are specified between the E_(a) values,on the one hand,and the squares of the detonation velocities,enthalpies of formation,spark energy and impact sensitivities,on the other.The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition,ΔH,from DSC,and their enthalpy of formation,logarithm of impact sensitivity,electric spark energy,as well as detonation energy,are described.The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CACs;surprisingly close linear correlations were found,and explained,between these densities and the E_(a) values.This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs.Based on the results obtained,it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-115).
文摘Aqueous ion storage systems have motivated great interest by virtue of low reduction,high eco-sustainability and safety.Among various cathode candidates,transition metal compounds are featured with easy dissolution in aqueous solutions and inferior conductivity,which severely hinder their application.Herein,advantages are taken of the“conveyor effect”of conjugated polyaniline to prepare an oxygen defective tungstate-linked polyaniline(O_(d)-WOP)material with chrysanthemum-like microstructure.By virtue of the high electronic conductivity derived from conductive conjugated polyaniline skeleton,unbalanced charge distribution triggered by the defective structure,and reversibly rapid ion(de)intercalation benefited from the open framework with porous chrysanthemum-like microstructure,it delivers outstanding rate capability with a maximum specific capacity of 162.2 mAh g^(-1)and great cycle stability for storing NH_(4)^(+).Additionally,it also adopts a high reversible capacity of 140.4 mAh g^(-1)and outstanding cycling performance to store Ca^(2+).Consequently,the assembled O_(d)-WOP//PTCDI flexible aqueous ammonium ion batteries and calcium ion batteries exhibit superior capacities,energy densities and flexibilities.O_(d)-WOP achieves the NH_(4)^(+) and Ca^(2+)storage capability by interacting with them through hydrogen and ionic bonds,respectively.The deep insight from this work sheds light upon a novel strategy to excavate greater potential of transition metal compounds for aqueous ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12102310 and U21A20113the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2020A1515110818+2 种基金the Inovation Team Project for Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2023KCXTD030the Key Project of Biomedicine and Health in Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2021ZDZX2055the Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong Province under Grant No.A2022004.
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have gained increasing interests as promising power sources due to their ability to convert hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity with high efficiency and zero greenhouse gas emissions.Bipolar plates(BPs)are considered as a critical component of PEMFCs,serving to collect current,separate gases,distribute the flow field,and conduct heat.This paper reviews the technical status and advancements in BP materials,with special focus on strategies for enhancing interfacial contact resistance(ICR)and corrosion resistance through conductive polymer(CP)coatings.First,commonly used BP materials in PEMFCs are summarized.Then,the advantages and limitations of various coatings for metallic BPs are discussed.Finally,recent progress in CP coatings for metallic BPs,aimed at achieving high corrosion resistance and low ICR,is comprehensively reviewed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973205 and 51773189)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.WK9110000066,WK345000005 and WK345000006).
文摘As a highly promising conductive polymer material,the synthesis method,structure regulation,and performance improvement of polyaniline(PANI)are hot research topics.In this work,the radiation-induced polymerization of aniline in HNO_(3)solution was successfully achieved at room temperature without the use of chemical oxidants.Through the analysis of the radiation chemical reactions of inorganic acids and nitrate salt solutions,the characterization of the intermediate free radicals in the irradiated systems,and the influence of the pH of the solutions on the polymerization activity and product morphologies,the radiation-induced polymerization mechanism of aniline is discussed in detail and proposed.Only at a condition of[HNO_(3)]>[aniline],i.e.,pH<2.5,PANI can be successfully obtained underγ-ray radiation.The polymerization begins with the oxidation of aniline cations to aniline cation radicals by·NO_(3)generated by radiolysis reactions,and undergoes repeated three steps of monomer free radical recombination,deprotonation,and oxidation reaction of·NO_(3),thus forming a PANI macromolecule.In addition to the polymerization reaction,the aniline units are protonated and oxidized because of the strongly acidity and oxidation of the reaction system under γ-ray irradiation,which means that the molecular chain structure of the radiation-synthesized PANI can be regulated by pH,nitrate concentration,and irradiation conditions.Radiation-synthesized PANI has a moderate protonation and oxidation state,which can be used for the preparation of PANI supercapacitors with better electrochemical properties than those prepared by chemical oxidation under the same conditions.This work presents a new radiation-synthesis method and polymerization mechanism of PANI,which not only expands the application of radiation technique in the field of polymer synthesis,but also provides a new idea for the structural regulation and electrochemical property optimization of PANI.
文摘Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),a key biomarker for long-term glucose regulation,is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes mellitus.However,conventional HbA1c detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity,narrow detection ranges,slow response times,and poor long-term stability.In this study,we developed a high-performance amperometric biosensor for the selective detection of Fructosyl Valine(FV),a model compound for HbA1c,by immobilizing Fructosyl Amino Acid Oxidase(FAAO)onto a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrospun polyaniline/polyindole-Mn_(2)O_(3) nanofibers.Operating at an applied potential of 0.27 V versus Ag/AgCl,the biosensor achieved a rapid detection time of 2 s for FV concentrations up to 50µM,with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.Under optimized conditions(pH 7.0 and 35℃),the biosensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 0.1 to 3 mM and a high sensitivity of 38.42µA/mM.Importantly,the sensor retained approximately 70% of its initial activity after 193 days of storage at 4℃,demonstrating excellent long-term stability.These results suggest that the FAAO/polyaniline/polyindole-Mn_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite-based biosensor offers a promising platform for sensitive,rapid,and durable detection of HbA1c,providing significant potential for improving diabetes monitoring and management.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L233016)。
文摘Polyaniline(PANi)hydrogels have a wide range of applications in artificial skin,flexible robotics,and movement monitoring.Nevertheless,limited by the modulus mismatch between rigid PANi and the soft hydrogel matrix,the high strength and toughness of the PANi hydrogel are mutually exclusive.Although the introduction of sacrificial bonds into the hydrogel network can alleviate this contradiction to a certain extent,it always causes pronounced energy hysteresis during hydrogel deformation.Inspired by the energy storage and release of macroscopic springs,in this work,we propose a molecular entanglement approach for the fabrication of PANi hydrogels featuring high toughness and low hysteresis,where flexible poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)is entangled with chemically cross-linked poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)as a hydrogel matrix,and rigid PANi as a conductive filler.The resultant PAA/PEG/PANi hydrogel exhibited high mechanical properties(fracture strength of 0.75 MPa and toughness of 4.81 MJ·m^(-3))and a low energy dissipation ratio(28.2%when stretching to 300%).Moreover,the PAA/PEG/PANi hydrogel possesses a good electrical response to external forces and can be employed as a strain sensor to monitor human joint movements by producing specific electrical signals.This work provides a straightforward strategy for preparing tough conductive PANi hydrogels with low hysteresis,showing potential for the development of healthcare devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52432002,52372041,and 52302087)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023 M740895)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Touyan Team Programthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2021003 and HIT.DZJJ.2025002)。
文摘Aqueous Zn-metal batteries(AZMBs)performance is hampered by freezing water at low temperatures,which hampers their multi-scenario application.Hydrogen bonds(HBs)play a pivotal role in water freezing,and proton transport is indispensable for the establishment of HBs.Here,the accelerated proton transport modulates the dynamic hydrogen bonding network of a Zn(BF4)2/EMIMBF4impregnated polyacrylamide/poly(vinyl alcohol)/xanthan gum dual network eutectic gel electrolyte(PPX-ILZSE)for lowtemperature AZMBs.The PPX-ILZSE forms more HBs,shorter HBs lifetimes,higher tetrahedral entropy,and faster desolvation processes,as demonstrated by experimental and theoretical calculations.This enhanced dynamic proton transport promotes rapid cycling of HBs formation-failure,and for polyaniline cathode(PANI)abundant redox sites of proton,confers excellent low temperature electrochemical performance to the Zn//PANI full cell.Specific capacities for 1000 and 5000 cycles at 1 and 5 A g^(-1)were149.8 and 128.4 m A h g^(-1)at room temperature,respectively.Furthermore,specific capacities of 131.1 mA hg^(-1)(92.4%capacity retention)and 0.0066%capacity decay per lap were achieved for 3000and 3500 laps at-30 and 40℃,respectively,at 0.5 A g^(-1).Furthermore,in-situ protective layer of ZnOHF nano-arrays on the Zn anode surface to eliminate dendrite growth and accelerate Zn-ions adsorption and charge transfer.
文摘This work reports a soft chemistry approach for the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO)incorporated in a polyaniline(PANI)matrix to give PANI/MgO nanocomposite.Using spin coating method,three different percentages of MgO/PVC(1,2,and 3%in wt.%)were deposited on glass substrates.These films of PANI/MgO nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and UV-visible spectroscopy.The results of the XRD pattern revealed the embedding of MgO nanoparticles in the PANI matrix with cubic phase,with the average size of nanoparticles varying from 35.12 to 59.55 nm.The AFM images displayed a significant change in the morphology of the PANI/MgO NPs composite films as MgO concentration was increased.The optical transmittance analysis revealed that at very low concentrations of MgO in PANI/MgO nanocomposite films,there is a high transparency,reaching close to 90%.However,this transmittance decreases significantly as the concentration of MgO increases.The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite film was then evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue(MB)dye under UV light irradiation.The results indicated a strong potential for PANI/MgO nanocomposite films in effectively degrading MB,supported by a proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic reaction.Compared with other composites such as PVC/MgO,PANI/MgO nanocomposite presented better MB degradation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21906015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2205006 and N2225013).
文摘Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion storage due to the properties of its excellent conductivity and inherent theoretical capacity.However,the poor cycling stability and low loadings of PANI limit its application in energy storage.In this study,PANI-x electrodes with high mass loadings are successfully prepared by the electrodeposition method for reversible AlCl_(2)^(+)storage.Among them,the PANI-2 electrode possesses the highest areal capacity(0.59 and 0.51 mAh cm^(−2)at the current density of 0.5 and 10 mA cm^(−2))and excellent cycling stability in saturated AlCl3.Ex situ N 1s fitting spectra of PANI-2 and molecular dynamics simulations of 1 M,3 M,and saturated AlCl_(3)electrolytes demonstrate that PANI can achieve reversible redox reactions in saturated AlCl3,thereby achieving its excellent stability.Density functional theory calculations and ex situ spectra characterizations of PANI-2 demonstrate the insertion/de-insertion mechanism in the form of AlCl_(2)^(+)ions.In conclusion,PANI-2|Saturated AlCl_(3)|EG(exfoliated graphite foil)full cell is assembled successfully.This work provides promising guidance for the preparation of high-loading electrodes for AIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21303105)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars and State Education Ministry(No.ZX2012-05)
文摘The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still induce the formation of chiral PANI successfully, suggesting that Hb can be used as the chiral inducers regardless of harsh reaction conditions. By examining the properties of PANI induced by modified Hb, it was found that Hb（inactivated）-PANI possessed excellent chirality, stability, and crystalline structure. The globin separated from Hb was demonstrated to have the ability of inducing the production of chiral PANI whereas the hematin from Hb had no capacity to direct enantio specificity for the PANI chains. Results indicated that Hb（immobilized）-PANI exhibited poor yield, doping state, and crys- talline structure, indicating that the immobilization of Hb by entrapment was not beneficial to the polymerization reaction. Results also showed that the structure of Hb may have significant effects on the morphologies of chiral PANI.
文摘A clay-like conductive material comprising polyaniline（PANI）-acetylene black particles is fabricated as a hole conductor for dye sensitized solar cell（DSSC）.The results show that the introduction of acetylene black into the polymer electrolyte improves the photovoltaic behavior of solid-state DSSC,owing to the increase of the hole mobility of PANI electrolyte,the improvement of the wetting quality of the composite electrolyte,and the reinforcement of interface contact between electrode and the electrolyte.Finally,the overall energy conversion efficiency of DSSC with PANI-50%（in weight）acetylene black electrolyte is 48% of that of liquid DSSC.Therefore,the PANI-acetylene black composition is a credible alternative to hole conductor in application of solid DSSC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20474007,20634020)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education of China(No.20050007018)Basic research foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology
文摘The stability of full-conjugated self-assembled （SA） multilayer films based on partially doped polyaniline （PANI） as a polycation and poly（o-aminobenzoic acid） （PCAN）, poly（aniline-2-sulfonic acid） （PSAN） as polyanions is investigated in alkali aqueous solutions. The self-assembled PANI-PCAN films keep their stability within 24 h in 1 mol/L NaOH solution,-the PANI-PSAN films, however, maintain the stability for 20 min in the same condition because the solubility of PSAN in alkali solutions is much higher than that of PCAN. The electrochemical properties of the SA films are determined, and the film-CdS composites formed in situ are also reported.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of Foundation of China(21676140)the fund from the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(ZK201402)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions~~
文摘Palladium nanoparticles supported on cross-linked polyaniline with bulky phosphorus ligands were developed.These catalysts showed high efficiency in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl chlorides and bromides with phenylboronic acids.Aryl chlorides and bromides with functional groups,such as CN,MeO,CHO,MeCO and NO_2,were converted to the corresponding biphenyls in high yields with catalyst loading.Additionally,the catalysts combined high activity with good reusability;they could be used at least five times for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
基金Project(51172190)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of NationProject(07JJ6015)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘The Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte for use in polyaniline/tin oxide （PANI/SnO2）supercapacitors was reported. The influences of redox electrolyte based on different Fe3＋/Fe2＋ ion pair concentrations in 1 mol/LH2SO4 solution on the pseudocapacitive behaviors of PANI/SnO2 supercapacitor were investigated. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor were studied by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, galvanostatic charge discharge （GCD）, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） techniques. It is found that the performance of the supercapacitor is the best when the Fe3＋/Fe2＋ concentrationis 0.4 mol/L and its initial specific capacitance is 1172 F/g at an applied current density of 1 A/g. The long-term cycling experiment shows good stability with the retention of initial capacitance values of 88% after 2000 galvanostatic cycles. The experimental results testify that using Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte has a good prospect for improving the performances of energy-storage devices.
