Blends of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing trace amounts of branching and/or cross-linking in chain and Polyamide-66 (PA-66) have been prepared by melt blending. The rheological behavior of PPS/PA-66 blends has ...Blends of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing trace amounts of branching and/or cross-linking in chain and Polyamide-66 (PA-66) have been prepared by melt blending. The rheological behavior of PPS/PA-66 blends has been studied by means of capillary rheometer, and compared with PPS. The effects of shear rate, shear stress and temperature on the how of PPS/PA-66 blends and PPS are discussed. The non-Newtonian indexes and the activation energies of viscous how are obtained. The results show that the apparent viscosity of PPS/PA-66 blends is not sensitive to shear rate and stress, but decreases with the elevation of temperature. On the contrary, the apparent viscosity of the PPS decreases obviously with the increasing of shear rate and shear stress, but it is increased by the elevation of temperature.展开更多
We report on the synthesis and characterizations of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyamide-6composite nanofibers by using electrospinning technique. The influence of substrate on the electrical characteristics of po...We report on the synthesis and characterizations of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyamide-6composite nanofibers by using electrospinning technique. The influence of substrate on the electrical characteristics of polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers was investigated. The resultant nanofibers exhibit good incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The doping of TiO2 nanoparticles into the polyamide-6 nanofibers were confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Photoluminescence（PL） and cathodoluminescence（CL） spectroscopy were also used to characterize the samples.The PL and CL spectra reveal that the as-spun polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers consisted of overlapping of two broad emission bands due to the contribution of polyamide-6（centered at about 475 nm）, which might originate from organic functional groups of polyamide-6 and TiO2 nanoparticles（centered around 550 nm）. The electrical conductivity of the polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers on different substrates was carried out.It was found that the electrical conductivity of the polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers on silicon substrate was in the range of 13 μA, and about 1 to 20 p A for the paper and glass substrates.展开更多
A series of wear and flame resistant polyamide 6(PA6)composites were prepared using glass fiber(GF)and talc(T)as reinforcer,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)and graphite(Gr)as solid lubricants,red phosphorus(RP)and zinc b...A series of wear and flame resistant polyamide 6(PA6)composites were prepared using glass fiber(GF)and talc(T)as reinforcer,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)and graphite(Gr)as solid lubricants,red phosphorus(RP)and zinc borate(ZB)as flame retardant.The tribological property,mechanical property,flame retardant property and the flame retardant mechanism were investigated.The tests show that the formula of the wear resistant PA6 composite(WRPA 6)is PA6/GF/T/PTFE/Gr in the ratio of 100/15/5/10/5 by mass.Because this composite exhibits the lowest friction coefficient(0.1429)and no wear mass loss,the introduction of RP and ZB can increase the flame resistance of WRPA6,and the synergistic effect of RP and ZB is obtained.Detailedly,the composite with 4 parts of ZB and 12 parts of RP shows the best flame retardant property,achieving the highest limiting oxygen index(LOI)(30.2 vol%)and a UL94 V-0 rating,and the flame retardant mechanisms may be gas phase along with condense phase mechanism.展开更多
In this research, the morphologies, isothermal-crystallization kinetics, and spherulite growth of aliphatic polyketone/polyamide-6 blends were studied. A single glass-transition temperature （Tg） was determined, and ...In this research, the morphologies, isothermal-crystallization kinetics, and spherulite growth of aliphatic polyketone/polyamide-6 blends were studied. A single glass-transition temperature （Tg） was determined, and the composition dependence of Tg for these blends was well described by the Kwei equation. The strong intermolecular interaction between the two polymer components was confirmed by melting-point depression. The isothermal-crystallization kinetics were analyzed on the basis of the Avrami approach. A linear increase in the radii of the spherulites with time was observed for all compositions. All the spherulites continued to grow at nearly identical growth rates. With increasing polyamide-6 content, the size of the spherulites in the polyketone/polyamide-6 blends gradually decreased, and the number of spherulites in the blends increased.展开更多
The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2）...The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2） content the structure of obtained membranes gradually varied from cellular structure to large ball-shaped cluster aggregates. Subsequently, with the addition of SiO2, pure water flux increased first and then decreased, while rejection showed the opposite trend. Besides, raising the coagulation bath temperature was favorable to increase pure water flux. Consequently, different membrane morphologies and performance were obtained by changing SiO2 content and coagulation bath temperature.展开更多
A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type）...A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type） or a tri- acid （A3 type） as coupling agents. For this composition, the linear theological behavior of these systems is predicted using a tube-based theory. This allows us to show that while coupling agents of type A2 can be seen as flow improver, the effect of branching agents of type A3, depending on the synthesis recipe and the conversion level, can lead either to an increase or to a decrease of the viscosity. By adding specific amount of these agents, we also show that it is possible to obtain materials with the same zero-shear viscosity but with different shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, the polydispersity of linear samples of the same average number molecular weight, Mn, is discussed in function of the amount of A2 monomers they contain. Ranging from 2 to 1.5, this difference in polydispersity is expected to have a significant influence on the processing behavior of such materials.展开更多
in situ Fibril formation of polyamide-6 （PA6） in isotropic polypropylene （iPP） was first fabricated using a slit die extrusion and hot stretching process. Then the prepared materials were subjected to injection mo...in situ Fibril formation of polyamide-6 （PA6） in isotropic polypropylene （iPP） was first fabricated using a slit die extrusion and hot stretching process. Then the prepared materials were subjected to injection molding in the temperature range higher than the melting temperature of iPP but lower than that of PA6. The obtained injection-molded samples were characterized via scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and two-dimensional wide- angle X-ray scattering （2D-WAXS）. Mechanical properties were also investigated. The SEM result shows that the optimum fibril formation could be only achieved in the range of 20 wt% to 30 wt% of PA6 content for the studied system. The fibril morphology changes along the sample thickness in the injection-molded bars. The fibril morphology in the skin layer was better than that in the core layer. 2D-WAXS results showed that the orientation of PP decreased with the increase of PA6 content, which indicated that the orientation of PP was confined by PA6 fibrils. Combined consideration of mechanical properties and morphology indicates that only PP/PA6 composites with 20 wt% of PA6 content show better properties because of the better fibril morphology and PP chain orientation.展开更多
A novel substrate for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide was prepared by hydrolyzing microporous polyamide-6 membranes in a 0.01mol/L NaOH/(H2O-CH3OH) mixture medium. The formation of amines (NH2) on the surface was...A novel substrate for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide was prepared by hydrolyzing microporous polyamide-6 membranes in a 0.01mol/L NaOH/(H2O-CH3OH) mixture medium. The formation of amines (NH2) on the surface was proved by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The treated membrane was applied for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide and a single step coupling efficiency determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra was above 98 %.展开更多
The rheological behavior of blend, e.g. polypropylene,PP, with polyamide - 6, PA6, has been investigated.Results show that this blend is a pseudo plastic fluid and the amount of PA6 seems to be a dominator to influenc...The rheological behavior of blend, e.g. polypropylene,PP, with polyamide - 6, PA6, has been investigated.Results show that this blend is a pseudo plastic fluid and the amount of PA6 seems to be a dominator to influence all rheological properties. In addition to the expected influence by temperature generally for polymer, it has been found the amount of PA6 is valid in a range, e.g. 0-20% corresponding to the PP amount, i.e. in this range, the larger the PA6 added, the larger is the nonNewtonian index, n, and this is obviously especially for PP/PA6 blend with the high shear stress.展开更多
The melt flow mechanism of polyamide-6 (PA6) was simulated with the mathematical flow model and tested by Particle Image Velotrimitry (PIV). The complete mathematical model for PA6 polymerization while flowing through...The melt flow mechanism of polyamide-6 (PA6) was simulated with the mathematical flow model and tested by Particle Image Velotrimitry (PIV). The complete mathematical model for PA6 polymerization while flowing through the VK tube reactor was established according to PA6 hydrolytic polymerization kinetics. The characteristic data such as residence time, caprolactam conversion and the degree of polymerization (D. P.), at every stage of polymerization reaction and at every point of the VK tube were presented for the melt flowing through ten alternate conical baffles in VK tube.展开更多
随着智能电网的快速发展与物联网终端设备的规模化应用部署,互联网协议第6版(Internet Protocol Version 6,IPv6)技术依托其丰富的地址资源和安全特性,已成为网络架构的关键支撑,IPv6地址的管理和日志审计对保障电网安全稳定运行至关重...随着智能电网的快速发展与物联网终端设备的规模化应用部署,互联网协议第6版(Internet Protocol Version 6,IPv6)技术依托其丰富的地址资源和安全特性,已成为网络架构的关键支撑,IPv6地址的管理和日志审计对保障电网安全稳定运行至关重要。系统探讨了智能电网中物联网设备IPv6地址相关技术原理,深入分析了IPv6地址日志审计技术在智能电网中的应用难点与挑战,提出一种IPv6地址日志审计的简易优化方案,并通过实际案例进行分析和可行性验证,为智能电网中的实际应用提供理论依据和实践指导,对推动智能电网网络安全建设具有重要意义。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Program Fund(863)of China.
文摘Blends of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing trace amounts of branching and/or cross-linking in chain and Polyamide-66 (PA-66) have been prepared by melt blending. The rheological behavior of PPS/PA-66 blends has been studied by means of capillary rheometer, and compared with PPS. The effects of shear rate, shear stress and temperature on the how of PPS/PA-66 blends and PPS are discussed. The non-Newtonian indexes and the activation energies of viscous how are obtained. The results show that the apparent viscosity of PPS/PA-66 blends is not sensitive to shear rate and stress, but decreases with the elevation of temperature. On the contrary, the apparent viscosity of the PPS decreases obviously with the increasing of shear rate and shear stress, but it is increased by the elevation of temperature.
基金supported by a grant from the Korean Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(The Regional Core Research Program/Center for Healthcare Technology&Development,Chonbuk National University,Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea)
文摘We report on the synthesis and characterizations of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyamide-6composite nanofibers by using electrospinning technique. The influence of substrate on the electrical characteristics of polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers was investigated. The resultant nanofibers exhibit good incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The doping of TiO2 nanoparticles into the polyamide-6 nanofibers were confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Photoluminescence（PL） and cathodoluminescence（CL） spectroscopy were also used to characterize the samples.The PL and CL spectra reveal that the as-spun polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers consisted of overlapping of two broad emission bands due to the contribution of polyamide-6（centered at about 475 nm）, which might originate from organic functional groups of polyamide-6 and TiO2 nanoparticles（centered around 550 nm）. The electrical conductivity of the polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers on different substrates was carried out.It was found that the electrical conductivity of the polyamide-6/TiO2 composite nanofibers on silicon substrate was in the range of 13 μA, and about 1 to 20 p A for the paper and glass substrates.
基金Project(149929)supported by the Postdoctoral Fund of Central South University,ChinaProject(16C0292)supported by the Hunan Education Department,ChinaProject(2016TP1022)supported by the Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-hua,China
文摘A series of wear and flame resistant polyamide 6(PA6)composites were prepared using glass fiber(GF)and talc(T)as reinforcer,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)and graphite(Gr)as solid lubricants,red phosphorus(RP)and zinc borate(ZB)as flame retardant.The tribological property,mechanical property,flame retardant property and the flame retardant mechanism were investigated.The tests show that the formula of the wear resistant PA6 composite(WRPA 6)is PA6/GF/T/PTFE/Gr in the ratio of 100/15/5/10/5 by mass.Because this composite exhibits the lowest friction coefficient(0.1429)and no wear mass loss,the introduction of RP and ZB can increase the flame resistance of WRPA6,and the synergistic effect of RP and ZB is obtained.Detailedly,the composite with 4 parts of ZB and 12 parts of RP shows the best flame retardant property,achieving the highest limiting oxygen index(LOI)(30.2 vol%)and a UL94 V-0 rating,and the flame retardant mechanisms may be gas phase along with condense phase mechanism.
文摘In this research, the morphologies, isothermal-crystallization kinetics, and spherulite growth of aliphatic polyketone/polyamide-6 blends were studied. A single glass-transition temperature （Tg） was determined, and the composition dependence of Tg for these blends was well described by the Kwei equation. The strong intermolecular interaction between the two polymer components was confirmed by melting-point depression. The isothermal-crystallization kinetics were analyzed on the basis of the Avrami approach. A linear increase in the radii of the spherulites with time was observed for all compositions. All the spherulites continued to grow at nearly identical growth rates. With increasing polyamide-6 content, the size of the spherulites in the polyketone/polyamide-6 blends gradually decreased, and the number of spherulites in the blends increased.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20874073)National 863(high-tech research and development) Program of China(No.2007AA030304)Tianjin Science and Technology Key Support Plan (No.08ZCGYGX03700).
文摘The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2） content the structure of obtained membranes gradually varied from cellular structure to large ball-shaped cluster aggregates. Subsequently, with the addition of SiO2, pure water flux increased first and then decreased, while rejection showed the opposite trend. Besides, raising the coagulation bath temperature was favorable to increase pure water flux. Consequently, different membrane morphologies and performance were obtained by changing SiO2 content and coagulation bath temperature.
文摘A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type） or a tri- acid （A3 type） as coupling agents. For this composition, the linear theological behavior of these systems is predicted using a tube-based theory. This allows us to show that while coupling agents of type A2 can be seen as flow improver, the effect of branching agents of type A3, depending on the synthesis recipe and the conversion level, can lead either to an increase or to a decrease of the viscosity. By adding specific amount of these agents, we also show that it is possible to obtain materials with the same zero-shear viscosity but with different shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, the polydispersity of linear samples of the same average number molecular weight, Mn, is discussed in function of the amount of A2 monomers they contain. Ranging from 2 to 1.5, this difference in polydispersity is expected to have a significant influence on the processing behavior of such materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50533050,20490220,20404008,and50373030)This work was subsidized by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China(No.2003CB615600)by the Ministry of Education of China(No.20050610030).
文摘in situ Fibril formation of polyamide-6 （PA6） in isotropic polypropylene （iPP） was first fabricated using a slit die extrusion and hot stretching process. Then the prepared materials were subjected to injection molding in the temperature range higher than the melting temperature of iPP but lower than that of PA6. The obtained injection-molded samples were characterized via scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and two-dimensional wide- angle X-ray scattering （2D-WAXS）. Mechanical properties were also investigated. The SEM result shows that the optimum fibril formation could be only achieved in the range of 20 wt% to 30 wt% of PA6 content for the studied system. The fibril morphology changes along the sample thickness in the injection-molded bars. The fibril morphology in the skin layer was better than that in the core layer. 2D-WAXS results showed that the orientation of PP decreased with the increase of PA6 content, which indicated that the orientation of PP was confined by PA6 fibrils. Combined consideration of mechanical properties and morphology indicates that only PP/PA6 composites with 20 wt% of PA6 content show better properties because of the better fibril morphology and PP chain orientation.
文摘A novel substrate for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide was prepared by hydrolyzing microporous polyamide-6 membranes in a 0.01mol/L NaOH/(H2O-CH3OH) mixture medium. The formation of amines (NH2) on the surface was proved by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The treated membrane was applied for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide and a single step coupling efficiency determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra was above 98 %.
文摘The rheological behavior of blend, e.g. polypropylene,PP, with polyamide - 6, PA6, has been investigated.Results show that this blend is a pseudo plastic fluid and the amount of PA6 seems to be a dominator to influence all rheological properties. In addition to the expected influence by temperature generally for polymer, it has been found the amount of PA6 is valid in a range, e.g. 0-20% corresponding to the PP amount, i.e. in this range, the larger the PA6 added, the larger is the nonNewtonian index, n, and this is obviously especially for PP/PA6 blend with the high shear stress.
文摘The melt flow mechanism of polyamide-6 (PA6) was simulated with the mathematical flow model and tested by Particle Image Velotrimitry (PIV). The complete mathematical model for PA6 polymerization while flowing through the VK tube reactor was established according to PA6 hydrolytic polymerization kinetics. The characteristic data such as residence time, caprolactam conversion and the degree of polymerization (D. P.), at every stage of polymerization reaction and at every point of the VK tube were presented for the melt flowing through ten alternate conical baffles in VK tube.
文摘随着智能电网的快速发展与物联网终端设备的规模化应用部署,互联网协议第6版(Internet Protocol Version 6,IPv6)技术依托其丰富的地址资源和安全特性,已成为网络架构的关键支撑,IPv6地址的管理和日志审计对保障电网安全稳定运行至关重要。系统探讨了智能电网中物联网设备IPv6地址相关技术原理,深入分析了IPv6地址日志审计技术在智能电网中的应用难点与挑战,提出一种IPv6地址日志审计的简易优化方案,并通过实际案例进行分析和可行性验证,为智能电网中的实际应用提供理论依据和实践指导,对推动智能电网网络安全建设具有重要意义。
