Semi-interpenetrating(semi-IPN)hydrogels formed by the continuous interpenetration of cross-linked polymer network and linear non-crosslinked polymer with multifunctionality are widely used in biomedical and other fie...Semi-interpenetrating(semi-IPN)hydrogels formed by the continuous interpenetration of cross-linked polymer network and linear non-crosslinked polymer with multifunctionality are widely used in biomedical and other fields.However,the negative impact of linear polymer on the homogeneity of the cross-linked network often leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties of semi-IPN hydrogels and severely limits their applications.Herein,a bioinspired hydrogen-bonding induced phase separation strategy is presented to construct the tough semi-IPN polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylamide hydrogels(named PVP/PAM hydrogels),including the linear polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and cross-linked polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resultant PVPx/PAM hydrogels exhibit unique phase separation induced by the hydrogen bonding between PVP and PAM and affected by the amount of substance of PVP.Meanwhile,the phase separation of PVPx/PAM hydrogels results in excellent mechanical properties with a strain of 2590%,tensile strength of 0.28 MPa and toughness of 2.17 MJ/m^(3).More importantly,the hydrogen bonding between PVP and PAM firstly disrupts to dissipate energy under external forces,so the PVPx/PAM hydrogels exhibit good self-recovery properties and outperform chemically cross-linked PAM hydrogels in impact resistance and damping applications.It is believed that the PVPx/PAM hydrogels with hydrogen-bonding induced phase separation possess more potential application prospects.展开更多
Cr(Ⅵ),one of the most hazardous metal pollutants,poses significant threats to the environment and human health.Herein,a novel MoS_(2) composite(MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM)modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylamide(...Cr(Ⅵ),one of the most hazardous metal pollutants,poses significant threats to the environment and human health.Herein,a novel MoS_(2) composite(MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM)modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized to enhance the removal of Cr(Ⅵ).Characterization analysis including SEM,XRD,FTIR,and XPS indicated that PVP and PAM could increase the interlayer spacing and the dispersibility of MoS_(2),and introduce pyrrolic N and amino functional groups.The batch experiments showed that MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM represented excellent Cr(Ⅵ)removal performance over a wide p H range,and exhibited a significantly higher maximum Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption capacity(274.73 mg/g,at p H 3.0,and 298 K)than pure MoS_(2).The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)followed Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic model,which was a homogeneous monolayer chemisorption process.MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM showed stable removal of Cr(Ⅵ)in the presence of humic acid(HA),interfering cations and anions at different concentrations.Moreover,it had excellent selectivity for Cr(Ⅵ)(K_(d) value of 1.69×10^(7)m L/g)when coexisting with a variety of competing ions.Multiple characterization revealed that Cr(Ⅵ)was reduced to low toxicity Cr(Ⅲ)by Mo^(4+)and S^(2-),and then chelated on the surface of the adsorbent by pyrrolic N.This research expanded the design concept for MoS_(2) composites by demonstrating the potential of MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM as a promising material for selective elimination of Cr(Ⅵ)in water.展开更多
生物氧化是生物化学代谢部分的重要内容,因其复杂性和抽象性不易被学生理解。采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Native-PAGE)构建了适用于本科实验教学的“线粒体复合体酶I活性方法”。从锥虫...生物氧化是生物化学代谢部分的重要内容,因其复杂性和抽象性不易被学生理解。采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Native-PAGE)构建了适用于本科实验教学的“线粒体复合体酶I活性方法”。从锥虫中提取线粒体粗体物,以10μg/孔样品蛋白上样量,进行非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳, NADH脱氢酶酶促反应时间为30分钟,可得到分辨率高、条带清晰的特异性酶活性条带。将Native-PAGE方法应用到本科生化实验中,可有效拓展教学内容,有助于教学紧密联系科研,对本科生化实验教学的开展有借鉴意义。展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to provide scientific reference for reasonable utilization of polyacrylamide(PAM).[Method]After PAM treatment,the soil aggregates were classified through dry sieve analysis and the adsorp...[Objective]The research aimed to provide scientific reference for reasonable utilization of polyacrylamide(PAM).[Method]After PAM treatment,the soil aggregates were classified through dry sieve analysis and the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of all soil aggregates to phosphorus at different phosphorus concentrations were analyzed.[Result] The phosphorus adsorption and desorption of soil sample treated by PAM declined. The amount of phosphorus adsorption increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration and this increase was fast in low phosphorus concentration area but slow in high phosphorus concentration area.At different phosphorus concentrations,adsorption showed a へ shape changing trend.The phosphorus adsorption was related to phosphorus concentration and the 2-3 mm aggregate had the highest desorption rate while 0.1-0.25 mm aggregate and 0.45-1 mm aggregate had lowest desorption rate.[Conclusion]The PAM treatment generated significant influence on phosphorus adsorption and analytic features of aggregate in all size fractions.展开更多
大豆蛋白加入小麦粉中改善面制品营养品质的同时也会对面团的面筋蛋白组成和结构产生影响。醇溶蛋白是小麦面筋的主要组分,赋予面团黏性和延伸性。为探究大豆蛋白对面团中醇溶蛋白的影响,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、大...大豆蛋白加入小麦粉中改善面制品营养品质的同时也会对面团的面筋蛋白组成和结构产生影响。醇溶蛋白是小麦面筋的主要组分,赋予面团黏性和延伸性。为探究大豆蛋白对面团中醇溶蛋白的影响,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)、质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)分别以不同比例添加到小麦粉中制成面团,分离醇溶蛋白,通过内源荧光光谱、紫外光谱扫描及酸性聚丙烯酰胺电泳等方法对面团中醇溶蛋白的结构和组成进行评价。结果表明,与小麦粉面团相比,添加8%(质量分数,下同)的SPI、SPC、TSP后,面团中醇溶蛋白相对含量分别下降了9.65%、9.85%、5.97%;添加8%的SPI后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例增加0.79%,β-,γ-醇溶蛋白比例无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例下降2.27%;添加8%的SPC后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.42%,β-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.59%,γ-醇溶蛋白无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例增加3.25%;添加8%的TSP后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.47%,β-,γ-醇溶蛋白比例无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例增加1.12%。添加SPI和TSP均能使面团中醇溶蛋白肽链伸展,α-螺旋含量降低;添加SPI使面团中醇溶蛋白β-转角含量降低;添加SPC对面团中醇溶蛋白结构无显著影响。综上,添加大豆蛋白使面团中醇溶蛋白相对含量下降,肽链结构伸展,蛋白组分发生变化,从而改变醇溶蛋白黏附在麦谷蛋白骨架的状态,增大面团拉断力,缩短面团拉伸距离。该研究建立了一种探究面团中醇溶蛋白组成和结构的方法体系,为植物源蛋白在面制品中的应用提供理论基础和新思路。展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were s...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to improve polyacrylamide gel electrophorus in Phytophthora infeatans SSR Marker.[Method] With the disease sample of P.infeatans collected from Guyuan in Ningxia Province in 2009 as test mate...[Objective] The paper was to improve polyacrylamide gel electrophorus in Phytophthora infeatans SSR Marker.[Method] With the disease sample of P.infeatans collected from Guyuan in Ningxia Province in 2009 as test material,its DNA was extracted and amplified with PCR,and its products were carried out polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.[Result] 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers D13,G11 and PI02,and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers PI4B,PI63,SSR4,SSR8 and SSR11,then 0.1% silver nitrate was used to stain,and an ideal electrophoresis and staining effect was obtained.[Conclusion] The electrophoresis and staining method suitable for P.infeatans SSR Marker established in the study had the characteristics of high sensitivity,simple operation and clear bands,which was an effective,simple and quick detection method.展开更多
With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in...With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in this paper.Polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylamide(AM)monomer.The obtained PAM was blended with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prepare PAM/PEG hydrogels and form rigid support structures.Subsequently,the modified carbon nanotubes(S-CNTs)were incorpor-ated into sodium alginate(SA)and PAM/PEG.Finally,Na+was used to trigger SA self-assembly,which significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the hydrogels,and prepared PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels with high tough-ness and strong electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency(SE).The results showed that the compressive strength of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogel was 19.05 MPa,which was 7.69%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogel(17.69 MPa).More en-couraging,the average EMI SE of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels at a thickness of only 3 mm and a CNTs content of 16.53wt%was 32.92 dB,which is 113.21%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogels(15.44 dB).展开更多
Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to p...Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273210).
文摘Semi-interpenetrating(semi-IPN)hydrogels formed by the continuous interpenetration of cross-linked polymer network and linear non-crosslinked polymer with multifunctionality are widely used in biomedical and other fields.However,the negative impact of linear polymer on the homogeneity of the cross-linked network often leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties of semi-IPN hydrogels and severely limits their applications.Herein,a bioinspired hydrogen-bonding induced phase separation strategy is presented to construct the tough semi-IPN polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylamide hydrogels(named PVP/PAM hydrogels),including the linear polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and cross-linked polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resultant PVPx/PAM hydrogels exhibit unique phase separation induced by the hydrogen bonding between PVP and PAM and affected by the amount of substance of PVP.Meanwhile,the phase separation of PVPx/PAM hydrogels results in excellent mechanical properties with a strain of 2590%,tensile strength of 0.28 MPa and toughness of 2.17 MJ/m^(3).More importantly,the hydrogen bonding between PVP and PAM firstly disrupts to dissipate energy under external forces,so the PVPx/PAM hydrogels exhibit good self-recovery properties and outperform chemically cross-linked PAM hydrogels in impact resistance and damping applications.It is believed that the PVPx/PAM hydrogels with hydrogen-bonding induced phase separation possess more potential application prospects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51920105012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC3201403)。
文摘Cr(Ⅵ),one of the most hazardous metal pollutants,poses significant threats to the environment and human health.Herein,a novel MoS_(2) composite(MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM)modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized to enhance the removal of Cr(Ⅵ).Characterization analysis including SEM,XRD,FTIR,and XPS indicated that PVP and PAM could increase the interlayer spacing and the dispersibility of MoS_(2),and introduce pyrrolic N and amino functional groups.The batch experiments showed that MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM represented excellent Cr(Ⅵ)removal performance over a wide p H range,and exhibited a significantly higher maximum Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption capacity(274.73 mg/g,at p H 3.0,and 298 K)than pure MoS_(2).The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)followed Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic model,which was a homogeneous monolayer chemisorption process.MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM showed stable removal of Cr(Ⅵ)in the presence of humic acid(HA),interfering cations and anions at different concentrations.Moreover,it had excellent selectivity for Cr(Ⅵ)(K_(d) value of 1.69×10^(7)m L/g)when coexisting with a variety of competing ions.Multiple characterization revealed that Cr(Ⅵ)was reduced to low toxicity Cr(Ⅲ)by Mo^(4+)and S^(2-),and then chelated on the surface of the adsorbent by pyrrolic N.This research expanded the design concept for MoS_(2) composites by demonstrating the potential of MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM as a promising material for selective elimination of Cr(Ⅵ)in water.
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to provide scientific reference for reasonable utilization of polyacrylamide(PAM).[Method]After PAM treatment,the soil aggregates were classified through dry sieve analysis and the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of all soil aggregates to phosphorus at different phosphorus concentrations were analyzed.[Result] The phosphorus adsorption and desorption of soil sample treated by PAM declined. The amount of phosphorus adsorption increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration and this increase was fast in low phosphorus concentration area but slow in high phosphorus concentration area.At different phosphorus concentrations,adsorption showed a へ shape changing trend.The phosphorus adsorption was related to phosphorus concentration and the 2-3 mm aggregate had the highest desorption rate while 0.1-0.25 mm aggregate and 0.45-1 mm aggregate had lowest desorption rate.[Conclusion]The PAM treatment generated significant influence on phosphorus adsorption and analytic features of aggregate in all size fractions.
文摘大豆蛋白加入小麦粉中改善面制品营养品质的同时也会对面团的面筋蛋白组成和结构产生影响。醇溶蛋白是小麦面筋的主要组分,赋予面团黏性和延伸性。为探究大豆蛋白对面团中醇溶蛋白的影响,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)、质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)分别以不同比例添加到小麦粉中制成面团,分离醇溶蛋白,通过内源荧光光谱、紫外光谱扫描及酸性聚丙烯酰胺电泳等方法对面团中醇溶蛋白的结构和组成进行评价。结果表明,与小麦粉面团相比,添加8%(质量分数,下同)的SPI、SPC、TSP后,面团中醇溶蛋白相对含量分别下降了9.65%、9.85%、5.97%;添加8%的SPI后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例增加0.79%,β-,γ-醇溶蛋白比例无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例下降2.27%;添加8%的SPC后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.42%,β-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.59%,γ-醇溶蛋白无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例增加3.25%;添加8%的TSP后,面团α-醇溶蛋白比例下降1.47%,β-,γ-醇溶蛋白比例无显著性变化,ω-醇溶蛋白比例增加1.12%。添加SPI和TSP均能使面团中醇溶蛋白肽链伸展,α-螺旋含量降低;添加SPI使面团中醇溶蛋白β-转角含量降低;添加SPC对面团中醇溶蛋白结构无显著影响。综上,添加大豆蛋白使面团中醇溶蛋白相对含量下降,肽链结构伸展,蛋白组分发生变化,从而改变醇溶蛋白黏附在麦谷蛋白骨架的状态,增大面团拉断力,缩短面团拉伸距离。该研究建立了一种探究面团中醇溶蛋白组成和结构的方法体系,为植物源蛋白在面制品中的应用提供理论基础和新思路。
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Program of Educational Department of Hebei Province(No.ZH2007116)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.
基金Supported by Special Research Project of National Nonprofit Industry(3-20)Funded Projects of Modern Agricultural Technology System(nycytx-15)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to improve polyacrylamide gel electrophorus in Phytophthora infeatans SSR Marker.[Method] With the disease sample of P.infeatans collected from Guyuan in Ningxia Province in 2009 as test material,its DNA was extracted and amplified with PCR,and its products were carried out polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.[Result] 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers D13,G11 and PI02,and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers PI4B,PI63,SSR4,SSR8 and SSR11,then 0.1% silver nitrate was used to stain,and an ideal electrophoresis and staining effect was obtained.[Conclusion] The electrophoresis and staining method suitable for P.infeatans SSR Marker established in the study had the characteristics of high sensitivity,simple operation and clear bands,which was an effective,simple and quick detection method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52163001)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program Project Grant,China(Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2021]005,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2022]010-1,Qiankehe Fuqi[2023]001,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2023]035,and Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2023]003)+3 种基金the Guizhou Minzu University Research Platform Grant,China(No.GZMUGCZX[2021]01)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project,China(Qiankehe Zhong Yindi[2023]035)the Green Chemistry and Resource Environment Innovation Team of Guizhou Higher Education Institutions,China(Guizhou Education and Technology[2022]No.13)the Doctor Startup Fund of Guizhou Minzu University,China(No.GZMUZK[2024]QD77).
文摘With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in this paper.Polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylamide(AM)monomer.The obtained PAM was blended with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prepare PAM/PEG hydrogels and form rigid support structures.Subsequently,the modified carbon nanotubes(S-CNTs)were incorpor-ated into sodium alginate(SA)and PAM/PEG.Finally,Na+was used to trigger SA self-assembly,which significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the hydrogels,and prepared PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels with high tough-ness and strong electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency(SE).The results showed that the compressive strength of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogel was 19.05 MPa,which was 7.69%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogel(17.69 MPa).More en-couraging,the average EMI SE of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels at a thickness of only 3 mm and a CNTs content of 16.53wt%was 32.92 dB,which is 113.21%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogels(15.44 dB).
基金supported by the Natio`nal Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81801241a grant from Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No. 2023NSFSC1578Scientific Research Projects of Southwest Medical University,No. 2022ZD002 (all to JX)。
文摘Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.
