As global economic integration accelerates,countries are strengthening tax transparency and information exchange.Policies such as the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan,digital services taxes,and a global minimum effective tax ...As global economic integration accelerates,countries are strengthening tax transparency and information exchange.Policies such as the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan,digital services taxes,and a global minimum effective tax rate have been introduced,posing increasingly severe compliance and risk challenges for multinational enterprises.Building on an analysis of the evolution and trends of international tax policy,this paper combines literature review with case study analysis to examine how multinational firms can,on a compliant basis,leverage legislative and policy tools,optimize organizational structures,and arrange transfer pricing to achieve effective tax planning.We then propose an internal control framework encompassing tax risk identification,early warning,and monitoring.Our findings indicate that by dynamically adjusting group structures,judiciously applying double non‐taxation treaties,and deploying digital monitoring systems,enterprises can significantly improve planning efficiency while reducing noncompliance costs.Finally,we offer recommendations for enhancing internal governance,strengthening cross‐border coordination,and responding to policy changes,providing both theoretical guidance and practical reference for the stable development of multinational enterprises.展开更多
This study develops a structural vector autoregression(SVAR)framework to empirically examine the reciprocal transmission channels of monetary policies between China and the United States.The primary objective is to di...This study develops a structural vector autoregression(SVAR)framework to empirically examine the reciprocal transmission channels of monetary policies between China and the United States.The primary objective is to discern potential disparities in the spillover effects of monetary policies and ascertain any contrasting mechanisms underlying these effects across the two countries.Based on our research,it appears that there exists a certain level of non-symmetry in the spillover effects of monetary policy between the two countries.Moreover,this paper provides adequate analysis of disparities in the trade framework,capital control,and financial market operations of both countries in constructing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE)model that incorporates financial frictions for the examination of the theoretical rationale.The empirical findings indicate that China’s monetary policy creates a spillover effect primarily through trade.In China,following an increase in its interest rates,the domestic economic activity will experience a contraction,leading to a decline in both investment and output.Consequently,this will result in a decrease in China’s imports of investment goods from the United States,impacting the output of the US economy.In contrast,the US monetary policy exerts a spillover effect primarily through finance.An increase in interest rates by the United States is associated with a notable outflow of capital from China.This leads to a rise in the financing costs for Chinese firms,consequently diminishing their overall net worth.In light of the financial accelerator effect,corporate external financing risk premium will continue to increase,exacerbating the downward trajectory of China’s output.展开更多
After the bombing of our embassy in Belgrade, Chinese students of internationalrelations tensely discussed about China’s international environment. The manyopinions fell into two basic groups. One expressed the belie...After the bombing of our embassy in Belgrade, Chinese students of internationalrelations tensely discussed about China’s international environment. The manyopinions fell into two basic groups. One expressed the belief that the war in Kosovobrought about a fundamental change of the international environment; the othergroup thought that the Kosovo War merely reflected the post-Cold War interna-tional reality rather than changing the international environment. In order to cor-展开更多
Preliminary study is made to the international coordination of national monetary policy under economic globalization and informationalization. This paper uses Game Theory to analyze the operation effect of Chinese mon...Preliminary study is made to the international coordination of national monetary policy under economic globalization and informationalization. This paper uses Game Theory to analyze the operation effect of Chinese monetary policy. It suggests that the maximum effect of Chinese monetary policy can only be achieved by cooperation and coordination with international society.展开更多
From its earliest formulation, the international HIV response has attempted to harness human rights as a central element of public health practice. Policy initiatives aimed at eliminating stigma and discrimination of ...From its earliest formulation, the international HIV response has attempted to harness human rights as a central element of public health practice. Policy initiatives aimed at eliminating stigma and discrimination of affected people would enable them to access health and social services, practice safe behaviors and thereby protect public health. However, this response was characterized by tensions between differing perceptions of public health and human rights and, with the advent of effective treatments, between those who regarded behavioral and biomedical interventions as competing, if not mutually exclusive, approaches. A central theme in all of these elements has been control： control of the virus, control of the behaviors of people affected, control of policy and control of rights. HIV infection is both a cause and a consequence of human rights abuses, but for many people these two aspects are compounded into the same lived predicament; a predicament over which many feel they should have control. The test-and-treat debates at the 2010 IAS Conference demonstrated this as presenters and participants openly clashed over proposals to implement what many see as coercive measures in settings where viral transmission and the public health/human rights collaboration might both be regarded as now ＂out of control＂. This paper will explore issues of control in the international HIV response and how authority, in the forms of law and justice, is contested in that response.展开更多
The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible,...The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve five key issues. In the national policy, it is needful not only to implement China's space policy and promote the development of the space industry in depth, but also to advance the deep integration of military and civil application in space field. In terms of legal orientation, three features should be reflected upon, including the functional integration of public and private laws, the balance of regulation by substantive and procedural laws, and the effective coordination of domestic and international laws. To this end, both top-level design and implementation should be paid close attention to in order to achieve significant progress in China's space legislation.展开更多
I. IntroductionThere have been numerous studies on free capital mobility, its management and impact on developing countries’ economy during the past decades. International capital flows create opportunities for portf...I. IntroductionThere have been numerous studies on free capital mobility, its management and impact on developing countries’ economy during the past decades. International capital flows create opportunities for portfolio diversification and risk sharing. In classical cases, capital mobility permits a more efficient global allocation of savings and directs resources toward their most productive uses (Fischer, 1998, etc.). However,展开更多
The Us'recent"withdrawal"from the Global Tax Deal could have led an observer to perform the autopsy of the most important international tax agreement of the decade.Yet Pascal Saint-Amans,former Director ...The Us'recent"withdrawal"from the Global Tax Deal could have led an observer to perform the autopsy of the most important international tax agreement of the decade.Yet Pascal Saint-Amans,former Director of the OECD's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and Professor at HEC Paris,advises keeping obituaries in the pocket for the time being.The"Global Tax Deal",better known as the Two-Pillar Solution,was agreed by 137 jurisdictions at the Inclusive Framework in 2021,following 10 years of negotiations to address Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)under G20 leadership.Because of the way it was conceived and considering countries'positions and interests,the Global Tax Deal appears to be here to stay.When the gaming table is the world itself,quitting the game does not mean it is over.It signals thestartofa newround.展开更多
In this paper, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is evaluated with respect to its ramifications for persons with disabilities. In the SFDRR, persons with disabilities were referenced e...In this paper, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is evaluated with respect to its ramifications for persons with disabilities. In the SFDRR, persons with disabilities were referenced either directly or indirectly as part of the preamble,the guiding principles, the priorities for action, and the role of stakeholders. In addition, the 2015 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, during which the SFDRR was adopted, incorporated explicit recommendations toward a disability-accessible and inclusive environment not evident in previous disaster risk reduction conferences. The infusion of disability-related terms and concepts such as accessibility, inclusion, and universal design throughout the SFDRR document was significant. These concepts,which have their origin in disability studies, are used in the SFDRR document to refer to the needs of all in disaster,not only to people with disabilities. These disability-related concepts will now serve the field of disaster risk reduction as important overarching disaster-related principles. The authors conclude that the SFDRR has firmly established people with disabilities and their advocacy organizations as legitimate stakeholders and actors in the design and implementation of international disaster risk reduction policies.展开更多
The development of China’s electronics industry can be attributed to supportive governmentpolicies, strong domestic market demand and the opportunities provided by the internationaltransfer of technology in the elect...The development of China’s electronics industry can be attributed to supportive governmentpolicies, strong domestic market demand and the opportunities provided by the internationaltransfer of technology in the electronic manufacturing sector. China’s enterprises can onlycontinue to develop through technological upgrading due to the lack of core technologiesof their own. Since this process is still ongoing, China has not become a competitive countryin the field of electronic technology. As a country in transition, government initiatives designedto encourage the development of the electronics industry have also undergone changes inline with economic institutional reform. Direct government intervention policies have beengradually replaced by indirect regulatory policies and the market is playing a more andmore important role in the electronics industry.展开更多
The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries tha...The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries that experience them, and that can affect other nations and the entire world economy as well. The G20 recognizes the importance of these trends, and has committed itself to cooperative measures to reduce imbalances. However, progress has been limited and halting. There are major political obstacles to global macroeconomic policy cooperation, both within countries and among countries. China＇s attempts to rebalance its economy are crucial to broader international financial stability. Its G2O presidency gives China the opportunity to demonstrate that it is willing and able to advance its cooperation with economic partners, and to help lead the rest of the world in this direction.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to analyze China＇s economic development policies of the last few years from the viewpoint of some Mexican actors （businesspeople, public officials, and scholars） who live and work in ...The purpose of this article is to analyze China＇s economic development policies of the last few years from the viewpoint of some Mexican actors （businesspeople, public officials, and scholars） who live and work in China. The idea is to learn from these policies and perhaps transfer the best practices to Mexico through horizontal international cooperation, with the hope of contributing to Mexico＇s growth and development, based on its reality. We put forward that there are international circumstances that could bring this about, thanks to sudden changes on the global scenario. Finally, the article highlights the importance of fostering, understanding, and deepening bilateral relations between Mexico and China.展开更多
文摘As global economic integration accelerates,countries are strengthening tax transparency and information exchange.Policies such as the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan,digital services taxes,and a global minimum effective tax rate have been introduced,posing increasingly severe compliance and risk challenges for multinational enterprises.Building on an analysis of the evolution and trends of international tax policy,this paper combines literature review with case study analysis to examine how multinational firms can,on a compliant basis,leverage legislative and policy tools,optimize organizational structures,and arrange transfer pricing to achieve effective tax planning.We then propose an internal control framework encompassing tax risk identification,early warning,and monitoring.Our findings indicate that by dynamically adjusting group structures,judiciously applying double non‐taxation treaties,and deploying digital monitoring systems,enterprises can significantly improve planning efficiency while reducing noncompliance costs.Finally,we offer recommendations for enhancing internal governance,strengthening cross‐border coordination,and responding to policy changes,providing both theoretical guidance and practical reference for the stable development of multinational enterprises.
文摘This study develops a structural vector autoregression(SVAR)framework to empirically examine the reciprocal transmission channels of monetary policies between China and the United States.The primary objective is to discern potential disparities in the spillover effects of monetary policies and ascertain any contrasting mechanisms underlying these effects across the two countries.Based on our research,it appears that there exists a certain level of non-symmetry in the spillover effects of monetary policy between the two countries.Moreover,this paper provides adequate analysis of disparities in the trade framework,capital control,and financial market operations of both countries in constructing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE)model that incorporates financial frictions for the examination of the theoretical rationale.The empirical findings indicate that China’s monetary policy creates a spillover effect primarily through trade.In China,following an increase in its interest rates,the domestic economic activity will experience a contraction,leading to a decline in both investment and output.Consequently,this will result in a decrease in China’s imports of investment goods from the United States,impacting the output of the US economy.In contrast,the US monetary policy exerts a spillover effect primarily through finance.An increase in interest rates by the United States is associated with a notable outflow of capital from China.This leads to a rise in the financing costs for Chinese firms,consequently diminishing their overall net worth.In light of the financial accelerator effect,corporate external financing risk premium will continue to increase,exacerbating the downward trajectory of China’s output.
文摘After the bombing of our embassy in Belgrade, Chinese students of internationalrelations tensely discussed about China’s international environment. The manyopinions fell into two basic groups. One expressed the belief that the war in Kosovobrought about a fundamental change of the international environment; the othergroup thought that the Kosovo War merely reflected the post-Cold War interna-tional reality rather than changing the international environment. In order to cor-
文摘Preliminary study is made to the international coordination of national monetary policy under economic globalization and informationalization. This paper uses Game Theory to analyze the operation effect of Chinese monetary policy. It suggests that the maximum effect of Chinese monetary policy can only be achieved by cooperation and coordination with international society.
文摘From its earliest formulation, the international HIV response has attempted to harness human rights as a central element of public health practice. Policy initiatives aimed at eliminating stigma and discrimination of affected people would enable them to access health and social services, practice safe behaviors and thereby protect public health. However, this response was characterized by tensions between differing perceptions of public health and human rights and, with the advent of effective treatments, between those who regarded behavioral and biomedical interventions as competing, if not mutually exclusive, approaches. A central theme in all of these elements has been control： control of the virus, control of the behaviors of people affected, control of policy and control of rights. HIV infection is both a cause and a consequence of human rights abuses, but for many people these two aspects are compounded into the same lived predicament; a predicament over which many feel they should have control. The test-and-treat debates at the 2010 IAS Conference demonstrated this as presenters and participants openly clashed over proposals to implement what many see as coercive measures in settings where viral transmission and the public health/human rights collaboration might both be regarded as now ＂out of control＂. This paper will explore issues of control in the international HIV response and how authority, in the forms of law and justice, is contested in that response.
文摘The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve five key issues. In the national policy, it is needful not only to implement China's space policy and promote the development of the space industry in depth, but also to advance the deep integration of military and civil application in space field. In terms of legal orientation, three features should be reflected upon, including the functional integration of public and private laws, the balance of regulation by substantive and procedural laws, and the effective coordination of domestic and international laws. To this end, both top-level design and implementation should be paid close attention to in order to achieve significant progress in China's space legislation.
文摘I. IntroductionThere have been numerous studies on free capital mobility, its management and impact on developing countries’ economy during the past decades. International capital flows create opportunities for portfolio diversification and risk sharing. In classical cases, capital mobility permits a more efficient global allocation of savings and directs resources toward their most productive uses (Fischer, 1998, etc.). However,
文摘The Us'recent"withdrawal"from the Global Tax Deal could have led an observer to perform the autopsy of the most important international tax agreement of the decade.Yet Pascal Saint-Amans,former Director of the OECD's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and Professor at HEC Paris,advises keeping obituaries in the pocket for the time being.The"Global Tax Deal",better known as the Two-Pillar Solution,was agreed by 137 jurisdictions at the Inclusive Framework in 2021,following 10 years of negotiations to address Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)under G20 leadership.Because of the way it was conceived and considering countries'positions and interests,the Global Tax Deal appears to be here to stay.When the gaming table is the world itself,quitting the game does not mean it is over.It signals thestartofa newround.
文摘In this paper, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is evaluated with respect to its ramifications for persons with disabilities. In the SFDRR, persons with disabilities were referenced either directly or indirectly as part of the preamble,the guiding principles, the priorities for action, and the role of stakeholders. In addition, the 2015 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, during which the SFDRR was adopted, incorporated explicit recommendations toward a disability-accessible and inclusive environment not evident in previous disaster risk reduction conferences. The infusion of disability-related terms and concepts such as accessibility, inclusion, and universal design throughout the SFDRR document was significant. These concepts,which have their origin in disability studies, are used in the SFDRR document to refer to the needs of all in disaster,not only to people with disabilities. These disability-related concepts will now serve the field of disaster risk reduction as important overarching disaster-related principles. The authors conclude that the SFDRR has firmly established people with disabilities and their advocacy organizations as legitimate stakeholders and actors in the design and implementation of international disaster risk reduction policies.
文摘The development of China’s electronics industry can be attributed to supportive governmentpolicies, strong domestic market demand and the opportunities provided by the internationaltransfer of technology in the electronic manufacturing sector. China’s enterprises can onlycontinue to develop through technological upgrading due to the lack of core technologiesof their own. Since this process is still ongoing, China has not become a competitive countryin the field of electronic technology. As a country in transition, government initiatives designedto encourage the development of the electronics industry have also undergone changes inline with economic institutional reform. Direct government intervention policies have beengradually replaced by indirect regulatory policies and the market is playing a more andmore important role in the electronics industry.
文摘The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries that experience them, and that can affect other nations and the entire world economy as well. The G20 recognizes the importance of these trends, and has committed itself to cooperative measures to reduce imbalances. However, progress has been limited and halting. There are major political obstacles to global macroeconomic policy cooperation, both within countries and among countries. China＇s attempts to rebalance its economy are crucial to broader international financial stability. Its G2O presidency gives China the opportunity to demonstrate that it is willing and able to advance its cooperation with economic partners, and to help lead the rest of the world in this direction.
文摘The purpose of this article is to analyze China＇s economic development policies of the last few years from the viewpoint of some Mexican actors （businesspeople, public officials, and scholars） who live and work in China. The idea is to learn from these policies and perhaps transfer the best practices to Mexico through horizontal international cooperation, with the hope of contributing to Mexico＇s growth and development, based on its reality. We put forward that there are international circumstances that could bring this about, thanks to sudden changes on the global scenario. Finally, the article highlights the importance of fostering, understanding, and deepening bilateral relations between Mexico and China.
