Pointer instruments are widely used in the nuclear power industry. Addressing the issues of low accuracy and slow detection speed in recognizing pointer meter readings under varying types and distances, this paper pro...Pointer instruments are widely used in the nuclear power industry. Addressing the issues of low accuracy and slow detection speed in recognizing pointer meter readings under varying types and distances, this paper proposes a recognition method based on YOLOv8 and DeepLabv3+. To improve the image input quality of the DeepLabv3+ model, the YOLOv8 detector is used to quickly locate the instrument region and crop it as the input image for recognition. To enhance the accuracy and speed of pointer recognition, the backbone network of DeepLabv3+ was replaced with Mo-bileNetv3, and the ECA+ module was designed to replace its SE module, reducing model parameters while improving recognition precision. The decoder’s fourfold-up sampling was replaced with two twofold-up samplings, and shallow feature maps were fused with encoder features of the corresponding size. The CBAM module was introduced to improve the segmentation accuracy of the pointer. Experiments were conducted using a self-made dataset of pointer-style instruments from nuclear power plants. Results showed that this method achieved a recognition accuracy of 94.5% at a precision level of 2.5, with an average error of 1.522% and an average total processing time of 0.56 seconds, demonstrating strong performance.展开更多
Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growin...Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.展开更多
The Heterogeneous Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem(HCVRP),which involves efficiently routing vehicles with diverse capacities to fulfill various customer demands at minimal cost,poses an NP-hard challenge in combin...The Heterogeneous Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem(HCVRP),which involves efficiently routing vehicles with diverse capacities to fulfill various customer demands at minimal cost,poses an NP-hard challenge in combinatorial optimization.Recently,reinforcement learning approaches such as 2D Array Pointer Networks(2D-Ptr)have demonstrated remarkable speed in decision-making by modeling multiple agents’concurrent choices as a sequence of consecutive actions.However,these learning-based models often struggle with generalization,meaning they cannot seamlessly adapt to new scenarios with varying numbers of vehicles or customers without retraining.Inspired by the potential of multi-teacher knowledge distillation to harness diverse knowledge from multiple sources and craft a comprehensive student model,we propose to enhance the generalization capability of 2D-Ptr through Multiple Teacher-forcing Knowledge Distillation(MTKD).We initially train 12 unique 2D-Ptr models under various settings to serve as teacher models.Subsequently,we randomly sample a teacher model and a batch of problem instances,focusing on those where the chosen teacher performed best.This teacher model then solves these instances,generating high-reward action sequences to guide knowledge transfer to the student model.We conduct rigorous evaluations across four distinct datasets,each comprising four HCVRP instances of varying scales.Our empirical findings underscore the proposed method superiority over existing learning-based methods in terms of both computational efficiency and solution quality.展开更多
Named Entity Recognition(NER)stands as a fundamental task within the field of biomedical text mining,aiming to extract specific types of entities such as genes,proteins,and diseases from complex biomedical texts and c...Named Entity Recognition(NER)stands as a fundamental task within the field of biomedical text mining,aiming to extract specific types of entities such as genes,proteins,and diseases from complex biomedical texts and categorize them into predefined entity types.This process can provide basic support for the automatic construction of knowledge bases.In contrast to general texts,biomedical texts frequently contain numerous nested entities and local dependencies among these entities,presenting significant challenges to prevailing NER models.To address these issues,we propose a novel Chinese nested biomedical NER model based on RoBERTa and Global Pointer(RoBGP).Our model initially utilizes the RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large pretrained language model to dynamically generate word-level initial vectors.It then incorporates a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network for capturing bidirectional semantic information,effectively addressing the issue of long-distance dependencies.Furthermore,the Global Pointer model is employed to comprehensively recognize all nested entities in the text.We conduct extensive experiments on the Chinese medical dataset CMeEE and the results demonstrate the superior performance of RoBGP over several baseline models.This research confirms the effectiveness of RoBGP in Chinese biomedical NER,providing reliable technical support for biomedical information extraction and knowledge base construction.展开更多
在汉越低资源翻译任务中,句子中的实体词准确翻译是一大难点。针对实体词在训练语料中出现的频率较低,模型无法构建双语实体词之间的映射关系等问题,构建一种融入实体翻译的汉越神经机器翻译模型。首先,通过汉越实体双语词典预先获取源...在汉越低资源翻译任务中,句子中的实体词准确翻译是一大难点。针对实体词在训练语料中出现的频率较低,模型无法构建双语实体词之间的映射关系等问题,构建一种融入实体翻译的汉越神经机器翻译模型。首先,通过汉越实体双语词典预先获取源句中实体词的翻译结果;其次,将结果拼接在源句末端作为模型的输入,同时在编码端引入“约束提示信息”增强表征;最后,在解码端融入指针网络机制,以确保模型能复制输出源端句的词汇。实验结果表明,该模型相较于跨语言模型XLM-R(Cross-lingual Language Model-RoBERTa)的双语评估替补(BLEU)值在汉越方向提升了1.37,越汉方向提升了0.21,时间性能上相较于Transformer该模型在汉越方向和越汉方向分别缩短3.19%和3.50%,可有效地提升句子中实体词翻译的综合性能。展开更多
为了解决自动文本摘要任务存在的文本语义信息不能充分编码、生成的摘要语义冗余、原始语义信息丢失等语义问题,提出了一种融合知识和文本语义信息的双编码器自动摘要模型(dual-encoder automatic summarization model incorporating kn...为了解决自动文本摘要任务存在的文本语义信息不能充分编码、生成的摘要语义冗余、原始语义信息丢失等语义问题,提出了一种融合知识和文本语义信息的双编码器自动摘要模型(dual-encoder automatic summarization model incorporating knowledge and semantic information,KSDASum)。该方法采用双编码器对原文语义信息进行充分编码,文本编码器获取全文的语义信息,图结构编码器维护全文上下文结构信息。解码器部分采用基于Transformer结构和指针网络,更好地捕捉文本和结构信息进行交互,并利用指针网络的优势提高生成摘要的准确性。同时,训练过程中采用强化学习中自我批判的策略梯度优化模型能力。该方法在CNN/Daily Mail和XSum公开数据集上与GSUM生成式摘要方法相比,在评价指标上均获得最优的结果,证明了所提模型能够有效地利用知识和语义信息,提升了生成文本摘要的能力。展开更多
文摘Pointer instruments are widely used in the nuclear power industry. Addressing the issues of low accuracy and slow detection speed in recognizing pointer meter readings under varying types and distances, this paper proposes a recognition method based on YOLOv8 and DeepLabv3+. To improve the image input quality of the DeepLabv3+ model, the YOLOv8 detector is used to quickly locate the instrument region and crop it as the input image for recognition. To enhance the accuracy and speed of pointer recognition, the backbone network of DeepLabv3+ was replaced with Mo-bileNetv3, and the ECA+ module was designed to replace its SE module, reducing model parameters while improving recognition precision. The decoder’s fourfold-up sampling was replaced with two twofold-up samplings, and shallow feature maps were fused with encoder features of the corresponding size. The CBAM module was introduced to improve the segmentation accuracy of the pointer. Experiments were conducted using a self-made dataset of pointer-style instruments from nuclear power plants. Results showed that this method achieved a recognition accuracy of 94.5% at a precision level of 2.5, with an average error of 1.522% and an average total processing time of 0.56 seconds, demonstrating strong performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101587)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20233578)。
文摘Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.
基金in part by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62276238in part by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China under Grant No.62325602in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan,China under Grant No.232300421095.
文摘The Heterogeneous Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem(HCVRP),which involves efficiently routing vehicles with diverse capacities to fulfill various customer demands at minimal cost,poses an NP-hard challenge in combinatorial optimization.Recently,reinforcement learning approaches such as 2D Array Pointer Networks(2D-Ptr)have demonstrated remarkable speed in decision-making by modeling multiple agents’concurrent choices as a sequence of consecutive actions.However,these learning-based models often struggle with generalization,meaning they cannot seamlessly adapt to new scenarios with varying numbers of vehicles or customers without retraining.Inspired by the potential of multi-teacher knowledge distillation to harness diverse knowledge from multiple sources and craft a comprehensive student model,we propose to enhance the generalization capability of 2D-Ptr through Multiple Teacher-forcing Knowledge Distillation(MTKD).We initially train 12 unique 2D-Ptr models under various settings to serve as teacher models.Subsequently,we randomly sample a teacher model and a batch of problem instances,focusing on those where the chosen teacher performed best.This teacher model then solves these instances,generating high-reward action sequences to guide knowledge transfer to the student model.We conduct rigorous evaluations across four distinct datasets,each comprising four HCVRP instances of varying scales.Our empirical findings underscore the proposed method superiority over existing learning-based methods in terms of both computational efficiency and solution quality.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Team Project of Central Universities(QNTD202308)the Ant Group through CCF-Ant Research Fund(CCF-AFSG 769498 RF20220214).
文摘Named Entity Recognition(NER)stands as a fundamental task within the field of biomedical text mining,aiming to extract specific types of entities such as genes,proteins,and diseases from complex biomedical texts and categorize them into predefined entity types.This process can provide basic support for the automatic construction of knowledge bases.In contrast to general texts,biomedical texts frequently contain numerous nested entities and local dependencies among these entities,presenting significant challenges to prevailing NER models.To address these issues,we propose a novel Chinese nested biomedical NER model based on RoBERTa and Global Pointer(RoBGP).Our model initially utilizes the RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large pretrained language model to dynamically generate word-level initial vectors.It then incorporates a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network for capturing bidirectional semantic information,effectively addressing the issue of long-distance dependencies.Furthermore,the Global Pointer model is employed to comprehensively recognize all nested entities in the text.We conduct extensive experiments on the Chinese medical dataset CMeEE and the results demonstrate the superior performance of RoBGP over several baseline models.This research confirms the effectiveness of RoBGP in Chinese biomedical NER,providing reliable technical support for biomedical information extraction and knowledge base construction.
文摘在汉越低资源翻译任务中,句子中的实体词准确翻译是一大难点。针对实体词在训练语料中出现的频率较低,模型无法构建双语实体词之间的映射关系等问题,构建一种融入实体翻译的汉越神经机器翻译模型。首先,通过汉越实体双语词典预先获取源句中实体词的翻译结果;其次,将结果拼接在源句末端作为模型的输入,同时在编码端引入“约束提示信息”增强表征;最后,在解码端融入指针网络机制,以确保模型能复制输出源端句的词汇。实验结果表明,该模型相较于跨语言模型XLM-R(Cross-lingual Language Model-RoBERTa)的双语评估替补(BLEU)值在汉越方向提升了1.37,越汉方向提升了0.21,时间性能上相较于Transformer该模型在汉越方向和越汉方向分别缩短3.19%和3.50%,可有效地提升句子中实体词翻译的综合性能。
文摘为了解决自动文本摘要任务存在的文本语义信息不能充分编码、生成的摘要语义冗余、原始语义信息丢失等语义问题,提出了一种融合知识和文本语义信息的双编码器自动摘要模型(dual-encoder automatic summarization model incorporating knowledge and semantic information,KSDASum)。该方法采用双编码器对原文语义信息进行充分编码,文本编码器获取全文的语义信息,图结构编码器维护全文上下文结构信息。解码器部分采用基于Transformer结构和指针网络,更好地捕捉文本和结构信息进行交互,并利用指针网络的优势提高生成摘要的准确性。同时,训练过程中采用强化学习中自我批判的策略梯度优化模型能力。该方法在CNN/Daily Mail和XSum公开数据集上与GSUM生成式摘要方法相比,在评价指标上均获得最优的结果,证明了所提模型能够有效地利用知识和语义信息,提升了生成文本摘要的能力。
